Pharmacokinetic analysis has attracted more and more attentions in the research field of bioactive natural product. However, there is limited study on the pharmacokinetics of polysaccharides. This paper focused on the research progresses of pharmacokinetics of polysaccharide, summarized the applications of chromatography, isotope labeling method, spectrophotometry, fluorospectrophotometry and biological assay in the analysis of polysaccharide pharmacokinetics, elucidated the behaviors of absorption, distribution, degradation and excretion of polysaccharide in experimental animals, and revealed the effects of physicochemical characteristic, administration dose and route on the pharmacokinetic properties of polysaccharide, which could be served as a reference for the related works.

Objective To establish a method for quantitative determination of triptolide and triptonide in human plasma samples by HPLC.Methods The samples were extracted with Oasis HLB solid phase extraction cartridge and analyzed with reserved phase HPLC coupled with diode array detection.Results Recoveries rates obtained from spiked plasma for the two diterpenoid were higher than 80%.The linearity ranged from 10 ng/ml to 1 000 ng/ml.Detection limits of the method were 3.0ng/ml for triptolide and 4.5ng/ml for triptonide.Conclusion The method is fast and accurate,which is applicable to determination of diterpenoid in cases of suspected poisoning of Triptergium wilfordii Hook.f. in forensic practice.

Objective To establish a method used for qualitative determination of aconitine in biological samples by GC/MS. Methods using MSTFA as derivative reagent and pyridine as solvent leaving in 60℃ for 30min then detected by GC/MS-SIM. Results The limit of detection of aconitine was 20ng (S/N≥100). Conclusion This method is sensitive, fast, and accurate. It is useful for forensic medical practice.

Objective To establish a method used for quantitative determination of bufadienolides in human liver tissues by HPLC. Methods using solid phase extraction of human liver with Oasis (HLB car-tridge coupled with reserved phase HPLC and diode array detection. Results Recoveries obtained from spiked liver for the bufadienolides were better than 70% . The linearity was studied up to 1200ng/g and the detection limits of the method was 0.4ng for cinobufotalin and bufalin, 0.5ng for cinobufagin and resibufo-genin. Conclusion This method is fast and accurate. It is useful for forensic medicine detection.

Gout ; therapy ; Humans ; Integrative Medicine

Objective: To study the effects of betaxolol hydrochloride (BH) cationic liposomes on intraocular pressure (IOP), blood pressure ( BP) and heart rate ( HR) in rabbits to lay foundation for the development of new BH eye preparations. Methods:N-trimethyl chitosan (TMC60) was used as the coating material, the BH-loaded cationic liposomes (TMC60-BHL) were prepared. Total-ly 24 healthy rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups using number method. Unilateral carotid artery intubation was carried out in the rabbits and connected a physiological recorder. TMC60-BHL, uncoated BHL, the marketed BH eye drops ( the positive control) and sterilized distilled water ( the negative control) with the volume of 50 μl was respectively used in one eye of the rabbits. IOP was detected by an ophthalmotonometer, and BP and HR were determined by the physiological recorder at the predetermined time intervals. Results:In the ipsilateral eyes, the maximum decrease in IOP for uncoated BHL and TMC60-BHL was 23. 00% and 26. 65%, respec-tively. In the contralateral eyes, the maximum decrease in IOP for uncoated BHL and TMC60-BHL was 18. 54% and 24. 33%, respec-tively. Compared with that of the positive control (19. 01%,15. 19%), the IOP decrease effect of uncoated BHL and TMC60-BHL was significant higher(P<0. 05), and that of TMC60-BHL was the highest(P<0. 05). BP and HR were both reduced in the various BH groups, while there was no notable difference when compared with those in the negative group(P>0. 05). Conclusion:TMC60-BHL shows significant IOP decrease effect without notable effect on BP and HR, which is valuable to be studied further.

Objective To understand the protection knowledge and practice to cope with common respiratory infection in senior middle school students in Chengdu ,and to provide basis for carrying out school health education and the establishment intervention model of respiratory infection .Methods A self-administered questionnaire was conducted among 2 237 senior one students in two senior middle schools in Chengdu .Results In terms of basic knowledge of common respiratory diseases ,47 .47% of the students had adequate total awareness scores .Respiratory diseases cognitive knowledge was not comprehensive enough .Especially for the under-standing of certain knowledge ,there was misunderstanding .The awareness rates for prevention of respiratory diseases and the treat-ment of behavior were high ,and they were 87 .54% and 71 .43% ,respectively .Conclusion The senior middle school students in Chengdu have some education demand of respiratory disease ,and schools should strengthen publicity and health education .

Objective: To observe the effect of Kangqianling Granules (Radix Salviae miltiorrhizae,Radix et Rhizoma Rhei, Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae, etc.) on renal function and renal fibrosis in chronic renal faiure(CRF). Methods: Effect of Kangqianling Granules on Serum Creatinine (SCR), Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN), Laminin (LN), Fibronectin (FN), Precollagen Ⅲ (PC Ⅲ) and Collagen Ⅳ (C Ⅳ) were observed in CRF patients and rats with 5/6 nephrectomy. The expression of FN and C Ⅳ in remnent renal tissue of model rats were determined by immunhistochemistry. Results: Kangqianling Granules decreased significently serum volume for Scr, BUN, LN, PC Ⅲ, C Ⅳ and elevated FN considerably in CRF patients and rats. Kangqianling Granules inhibited the expressions of FN and C Ⅳ protein in remnant renal tissue of model rats. Conclusion:Kangqianling Granules could relieve renal fibrosis and delay process of CRF.

Objective To detect the expression of orphan nuclear receptor RORC gene and the level of serum interleukin-17 in acute lung injury (ALI) rats, and to explore the effects and possible regulation mechanisms of helper T lymphocyte 17 (Th17) in the ALI.Methods Twenty four SD male rats were randomly assigned to three groups, control group, model group, and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamates (PDTC) prevention group.The rats in model group and PDTC prevention group were intravenously injected LPS (6 mg/kg) for inducing ALI.The PDTC prevention group had been intraperitoneally injected PDTC (120 mg/kg) thirty minutes before LPS injection.All rats were killed twelve hours after LPS injecttion.The lung wet/dry weight ratio was measured.Lung pathologic tissue scored after hematoxylin-eosin (HE) stain.The expression of alveolar macrophages (AM) nuclear factor-KBP65 (NF-κBP65) was detected by immunohistochemistry.The level of serum IL-17 was detected by ELISA method.The expression of AM orphan nuclear receptor RORC gene was determined by SYBR Green Ⅰ real-time polymerase chain reaction.Results Compared with control group.the lung wet/dry weight ratio.lung pathologic tissue score, the expression of AM NF-κBP65.the level of serum IL-17 and the expression of AM orphan nuclear receptor RORC gene were significantly increased (P < 0.05).However, compared with model group, these changes were prevented in PDTC prevention group.Conclusions Th17 might participate in the pathological process of ALI.Activation of NF-кB might influence RORC gene expression, induce Th17 differentiation, and elevate the level of serum IL-17.

A homozygous A to G transition (AGT to GGT) in codon 16 of growth hormone receptor (GHR) gene was found in one patient with idiopathic short stature(ISS), resulting in an amino acid change(Ser16Gly). This may be a novel GHR gene mutation; and another novel Arg43Gln GHR gene polymorphism was found in Chinese people.