Objective To assess the usefulness of a computer-aided detection(CAD)system on detecting the pulmonary nodules in digital chest radiography.Methods Three hundred and twenty-eight digital chest radiographies along with corresponding chest computed tomography were selected for this study. Two senior chest radiologists interpreted these cases using the CAD system and marked the locations and sizes of all nodules with consensus,which were stored in a computer system as Gold Standard to evaluate the performance of the CAD system.Eight radiologists of various experience read these selected cases without and with the aid of CAD system and their results were stored in a computer system.The radiologists' performance was evaluated by using the receiver operating characteristic analysis.Comparison is made regarding the difference in Az values when CAD was not used versus when CAD was used by using the paired-samples t test.Results For small nodules,the sensitivity of this computer system used by the two senior chest radiologists in 100 digital radiographs was 78.1%(118.0/151).Without and with the assistance of CAD system,the nodule detection sensitivity of the radiology residents was 62.4% (94.2/151),77.4%(116.8/151)respectively,and the area under the curve of radiology residents was 0.769,0.836 respectively.Statistical analysis showed there was statistically significant difference between interpretation without and with the CAD system(P0.05).Conclusions This CAD system can help to enhance the radiologists' ability to detect small pulmonary nodules.This is especially helpful for radiology residents.

Objective To analyze HRCT and thin-slice CT scan findings in 150 patients with pulmonary diffuse mild micronodule, and to find the features with the purpose of identifying random micronodule, peri-lymphatic micronodule, and centrilobular micronodule. Methods The useful features in 150 patients with pulmonary diffuse mild micronodule were translated into scores by means of discrimination method of large log-likelihood to identify the micronodular category. Results The accuracy of diagnosis was 94.0% for random micronodule, 76.0% for peri-lymphatic micronodule, and 90.0% for centrilobular micronodule. Conclusion HRCT and thin-slice CT scans were helpful in differential diagnosis of pulmonary diffuse mild micronodule. The discrimination method of large log-likelihood was propitious to diagnosis and differential diagnosis.

Objective To evaluate the value of computer-aided detection (CAD) system for pulmonary nodule detection using digital chest radiography in lung cancer screening. Methods One hundred consecutive digital chest radiographs from 6280 outpatients for lung cancer screening were independently reviewed by a thoracic radiologist and a computer-aided pulmonary nodule detection system.The radiographs were also reviewed by two experienced thoracic radiologists and the true nodules confirmed by two radiologists with reference to the CT images were marked and stored as a gold standard in the CAD system. The sensitivity and false positive of the radiologist and the CAD system for the detection of nodules on digital chest radiographs were compared. Results Ninety-five and 304 nodules were identified by radiologist and the CAD system, respectively. Of 134 nodules marked as true nodules by experienced radiologists, 82 (61.2%) and 105 (78. 4% ) nodules were identified by the radiologist and the CAD,respectively. The radiologist missed 35 true nodules which were only detected by CAD. The CAD system missed 10 true nodules which were only detected by radiologist. One hundred and twelve (83.6%) nodules were identified by radiologist with the CAD system. One hundred and ninety-nine nodules identified by CAD were false-positive with a rate of 2. 0 ( 199/100 ) per case. Conclusion Combining review of digital radiographs by radiologist with CAD system can improve the detection of pulmonary nodules in lung cancer screening.

Objective To study the effect of allicin on the growth and radiosensitivity of human pancreatic carcinoma BXPC3 cells.Methods BXPC3 cells were exposed to X-rays in the presence or absence of allicin.Cell proliferation was measured by MTT assay.Cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry assay.Cell radiosensitivity and the influence of allicin on it was evaluated by colony formation assay.The expressions of Bax and Bcl-2 proteins were assayed by RT-PCR and Western blot.Results IC50 values of allicin on cell growth were 76.24,58.34 and 43.58 μmol/L under 12,24 and 48 h treatment,respectively.Treatment of cells with allicin obviously inhibited cell growth after irradiation and hence increased radiosensitivity (t =2.74,P ＜ 0.05).This treament also enhanced radiation-induced cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase (t =11.41,P ＜0.05),apoptosis induction (t =12.36,P ＜ 0.05),and Bax expression (t =4.83,P ＜ 0.05),but it decreased Bcl-2 expression (t =3.69,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Allicin could inhibit cell growth,induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis via Bax/Bcl-2 pathway and hence increases radiosensitivity of BXPC3 cells.

The genus Xestospongia is one of the most widespread genera of sponges, containing abundant secondary metatolites with novel structures and potent bioactivities. The main structure types of secondary metatolites found in this genus are alkaloids, quinines, terpens, steroids, lipids, polyketones, etc. These metatolites exhibit a variety of bioactivities, such as cytotoxic, antibacterial and antiviral activities. This paper reviews the progress in the chemistry and pharmacological activities of the second metabolities from sponges of Xestospongia, especially for recent five years, with the aim for further research.
Animals ; Secondary Metabolism ; Xestospongia ; chemistry

Objective To investigate the coagulation disorder status of patients with pancreatic cancer and to explore its role in tumor formation,progression and metastasis.Method The present study involved 114 patients with pancreatic cancer diagnosed by surgery or biopsy,and 40 healthy volunteers.For each individual,nine plasma coagulation parameters were tested using the STAGO Compact automated.Results The levels of plasma antithrombin Ⅲ (AT-Ⅲ) and protein C of the pancreatic cancer group were significantly reduced compared with the control group,while the levels of plasma PT,APTT,INR,FIB,F-Ⅷ,D-dimer (D-D) were significantly elevated.The level of plasma D-D increased with increase in clinical stage,while the level of AT-Ⅲ decreased.The level of plasma D-D became higher with worsening in histological grade.Conclusions Patients with pancreatic cancer were in a state of hypercoagulation,with reduced anticoagulation function and secondary hyperfibrinolysis.The level of Plasma D-D was significantly associated with the clinical stage,histological grade and distant metastasis.These together with AT-Ⅲ could be used as indicators to monitor patients with pancreatic cancer.

Objective To investigate the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA) in renal tissues of children with primary nephrotic syndrome(NS),and elucidate the relationship between PCNA expression and cell proliferation in renal tissues from the children with primary NS.Methods Paraffin-embedded renal biopsy tissue sections from 39 patients with primary NS were examined by immunohistochemical staining with anti-PCNA monoclonal antibody,normal renal tissue sections from 6 nephrectomized patients with nephroma were selected as control. Possible correlation between the percentage of PCNA positive cells and the pathologic type , histopathological score, clinical indices (serum albumin ,serum cholesterol ,serum creatinine and 24 hours urine protein ) before renal biopsy of NS were evaluated separately .Results The percentage of PCNA positive cells in glomeruli and tubulom terstitium of NS patients was significantly higher than that of the control (P

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of B-mode ultrasonography in detecting middle hepatic vein(MHV)in chronic liver disease patients.Methods 80 chronic liver disease patients were divided into 2 groups(chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis).Liver biopsies and the inner diameter(ID)of MHV was detected with B-mode ultrasonography.The ID of MHV was compared in the chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis groups,different liver fibrosis stages and compensation/non-compensation liver cirrhosis.The ability of ID of MHV in auxiliary diagnosis liver cirrhosis was analyzed with the receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC).Results The size of ID of MHV in liver cirrhosis(3.82±1.84)mm was smaller than that of chronic hepatitis(6.15±1.67)mm(P＜0.01).The size of ID of MHV in non-compensation liver cirrhosis(2.98±1.15)mm was smaller than that of compensation liver cirrhosis(4.42±2 20)mm(P＜0.05).There was midrange negative correlation with liver fibrosis stages and the ID of MHV(rs=-0.465,P＜0.01).The cutoff point of ID of MHV diagnosis liver cirrhosis was 4.7mm.The area under ROC(AUC)achieved 0.813(P＜0.01).The sensitivity(Se),specificity,(Sp),positive predictive value (PPV),negative predictive value(NPV)and Youden index were 67.5%,90.0%,88.0%,73.5% and 57.5%,respectively.Conclusion There is well clinical value with B-mode ultrasonography detecting ID of MHV for the auxiliary diagnosis of chronic liver disease.

Objective To investigate the effects of human S100A6 on ?-catenin in human osteosarcoma cell lines MG63 and U2OS.Methods Cell lines MG63 and U2OS were infected by recombinant adenoviruses carrying human S100A6 and its siRNA gene,AdS100A6 and AdSiS100A6 respectively,to up-regulate and down-regulate the expression of S100A6. Then RT-PCR,Western blot and immunocytochemistry were used to detect mRNA and protein (level and/or distribution) of ?-catenin.Results In both cell lines,with up-regulated S100A6,expression of ?-catenin mRNA and protein increased(P

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for improving the level of rational drug use in public hospitals at county level. METHODS:The relevant indicator data of rational drug use in our hospital was analyzed,and the relevant indicator data of the hos-pitals at county level around it was investigated and analyzed,a total of 36 parts of rational drug use management indicator system was established,including administrative management indicators,outpatient management indicators,hospital management indica-tors,and drug procurement management indicators,and it was constantly improved and optimized. Meanwhile,relevant indicator data of rational drug use from 2010 to 2014 was statistically analyzed to evaluate the effect of the effectiveness of the system. RE-SULTS:In the 5 years,the drug revenues accounted for revenue ratio(the ratio of drug)decreased by 10.3%;the use indicators of antibiotics in clinic showed gradual optimization,the proportion of outpatient antibiotic prescriptions decreased from 57.1% to 19.3%,the use rate of inpatient antibiotic decreased from 90.2% to 56.3%,the proportion of type I incision operation preventive use of antibiotics decreased from 94.6% to 28.6%,and the submission rate of microbiological sample of inpatients before they re-ceived the treatment of antibiotics increased from 8.4% to 32.7%;the proportion of essential medicines increased 25.5%,and pro-portion of use amount increased to 24.1%;the application of the system promoted the improvement of rational drug use and phar-macy management level in our hospital,and also helped the hospital successfully passed the national three class comprehensive hos-pital evaluation. CONCLUSIONS:The established rational drug use management indicator system is comprehensive and feasible, and can provide reference for strengthening rational drug use management and medical and health system decision in China.