Drug therapy is one of the efficient methods for prostate cancer treatment. However, drug resistance greatly hindered the treatment of prostate cancer patients. Herein, the mechanisms of drug resistance in prostate cancer have been exhaustively reviewed, and that can provide an alternative strategy and new targets for anti-prostate cancer therapy.
Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Humans ; Male ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; drug therapy

Objective To investigate the clinical presentations,pathological features and radiographic appearance of intraosseous well differentiated osteosarcoma and its differential diagnosis.Methods One case of intraosseous well differentiated osteosarcoma was analyzed,and the clinical presentations,radiographic appearances and histological features of intraosseous well differentiated osteosarcoma were summaried on the basis of reviewing the related literatures.Results The age of onset of this disease was mostly within a range of 30~40 years.The scopes of this lesion were almost large,and the metaphyses of the long bone were the major targets of the lesions,especially the inferior extremity of femur and superior extremity of tibia.The tumor appeared as destruction of combined with bony restoration within the medullary cavity.The tumor was composed of fiber and bony tissue which had well differentiated cells with rarely nuclear division.About 50 % of patients was diagnosed incorrectly as benign lesion at first.Conclusion It is difficult to early diagnose intraosseous well differentiated osteosarcoma,but comprehending its pathological,immunohistological features and combining clinic will benefit for the correct diagnosis.

Background As a new tonometer,it is necessary to assess the clinical value of Icare rebound tonometer.Objective This study was to compare the intraocular pressure(IOP)values measured by Icare with that measured by GAT,and discuss the clinical value of leare rebound tonometer. Methods IOP measurement was performed on 152 eyes of 78 subjects with suspicious glaucoma,glaucoma,refractive error and normal examinnee by Icare and GAT respectively.The Icare IOP was measured firstly and then the GAT IOP was carried out with the 3-or 5-minute interval.The IOP values were compared between Ieare and GAT.This study was approved by Ethic Committee of Wuhan General Hospital of Chinese PLA.Written informed consent was obtained from each subject prior to this study. Results The mean IOP values of Icare and GAT were(19.16±5.03)mmHg and(18.41±4.52)mmHg respectively.The differences between Icare IOP and CAT IOP were less than or equal to 1 mmHg in 96 of 105 eyes(63.2%).The positive correlation was found between the Icare IOP and GAT IOP(r=0.940,P<0.01).The Ieare IOP was lower than that of GAT when IOPIcare<16 mmHg,however,the IOP of Icare were higher when IOPIcare≥6 mmHg;the IOP of Icare were higher than that of GAT in the total CCT range.The correlation coefficients of IOP of Icare or CAT with CCT were 0.341(P<0.01)and 0.333(P<0.01),respectively. Conclusion Compared with GAT,Icare is more feasible in clinic because it is practicable and reliable.

Drug therapy is one of the efficient methods for prostate cancer treatment. However, drug resistance greatly hindered the treatment of prostate cancer patients. Herein, the mechanisms of drug resistance in prostate cancer have been exhaustively reviewed, and that can provide an alternative strategy and new targets for anti-prostate cancer therapy.

Animals ; Carcinogens ; toxicity ; Female ; Lung Neoplasms ; chemically induced ; pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Urethane ; toxicity

OBJECTIVETo explore the relationship between TCM syndrome type and gastric mucosa cell proliferation related controlling gene protein in chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG).

METHODSExpressions of cell proliferation related controlling gene protein, including proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and c-myc, from gastric mucosa of CAG model rats with different syndrome types were measured by immunohistochemistry and the changes of them before and after TCM intervention were also analyzed by image analysis.

RESULTSProtein expressions of PCNA, EGFR and c-myc in gastric mucosa of CAG model rats with different syndrome types (Pi-deficiency type, Gan-stagnation type and dampness-heat type) were different to some extent, and all of them reduced significantly after TCM intervention in the model rats of all syndrome types.

CONCLUSIONExpressions of cell proliferation related controlling gene protein in gastric mucosa of CAG model rats of different syndrome types were different to some extent, which provides a certain experimental evidence for revealing the essence of TCM syndrome type of CAG and judging the prognosis of various types.

Animals ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Gastric Mucosa ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Gastritis, Atrophic ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Phytotherapy ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ; biosynthesis ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc ; biosynthesis ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; biosynthesis ; Syndrome

Objective To explore the best way for clinical screening of primary aldosteronism (PA).Methods Three hundred and three suspected cases of PA were collected and divided into groups of primary aldosteronism group, essential hypertension group, and nonsecreting cortical adrenal tumor group.The plasma aldosterone concentration/plasma renin concentration ratio ( ARR) was used to draw the receiver operating characteristic ( ROC) curve and obtain the best cut-off point.Furthermore, the current screening schemes for PA were compared.Results Upright ARR yield had larger areas under the ROC curve than plasma aldosterone concentration or plasma renin concentration under all conditions of testing. The best cut-off point of upright ARR[(pg/ml)/(μIU/ml)] for the diagnosis of PA was 43.45.During the two postural stimulation tests,the two upright ARR exceeded 43.45 with the highest diagnostic sensitivity of PA reaching 0.94.During the two upright tests ARR was less than 43.45, with a sensitivity of 0.74, and a specificity of 0.94.Conclusion To screen for PA in high-risk populations, twice postural stimulation test is recommended.As long as the upright ARR is above 43.45, PA may be considered and further confirmation is needed to prevent misdiagnosis.

Objective To investigate the effect of 9-cis retinoid acid(c-RA),a retinoid X receptor(RXR)agonist,on hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)induced apoptosis in cultured rat neonatal cardiomyoeytes,and to explore the mechanism.Method Cultured cardiomyocpes were randomly divided into three groups:normal group treated with vehicle(N group),H2O2 group treated with 100 μmol/L H2O2(H group),and c-RA group pretreated with 100nmol/L c-RA(H+R group).Cell viability was detected by MTT.Morphological changes of apoptotic cardiomyocytes were observed by Hoechst 33258 staining under fluorescence microscope.The apoptotic rate was determined by flow cytometry.Mitochondrial membrane potential(△(ψ)m)was measured by JC-1 dye.Cellular reactive oxygen species(ROS)production was detected by CM-H2DCFDA fluorescent probe.All measurement data wIe expressed as(x±s),and statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA analysis and Dunnett test.Differences were considered significant when P was＜0.05.Results Treatment with c-RA significantly enhanced cell viability,reduced apoptosis ratio,stabled mitoehondrial membrane potential and reduced level of cellular reactive oxygen species.Conclusions RXR agonist c-RA inhibits H2O2-induced myocyte apoptosis in cultured rat neonatal cardiomyocytes,which may be related to alleviate oxidative stress injury.

Objective To research the relationship between free/total prostate specific antigen (f/t PSA), PSA density(PSAD) and prostate cancer(PCa), to explore healthy middle and old-aged,the patients with BPH, the scope of reference value of PSA,frce PSA(fPSA), f/t PSA and PSAD in patients serum with PCa. Methods To de-tect 307 cases of healthy gerontism male,236 of BHP and 41 of PSA and fPSA in patients with PCa,to calcuLate f/t PSA and PSAD, to investigate the dependability between PSA ,I"PSA ,f/t PSA ,P SAD and healthy male, the patients ofBHP,the PCa ,to determine the scope of reference value PSA,fPSA,f/t PSA and PSAD fitting for Chinese. Results PSA and fPSA in patients with PCa are obviously higher than normal control(P <0.01). f/t PSA is obviously lower than the BPH and normal control(P < 0.01). When PSA is 9.25 and f/t PSA is 20%, there are better value of clini-cal diagnosis,when PSAD is 0.18 (AUC = 0.635), we can get best aceuration of diagnosis. Conclusions f/t PSA and PSAD are better than PSA in clinical diagnosis. When PSA is more than 9.25,f/t PSA is less than 20% or PSAD is more than 0.18 is significance for diagnosis. The normal reference value of PSA less than 9.25,f/t PSA more than 20%, PSAD less than 0.18 is fit for Chinese.