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Objective To analyze the factors influencing the prognosis of patients with bile duct carcinoma after resection. Methods The clinical data of 120 patients with bile duct carcinoma receiving resection in our hospital from 1980 to 2004 were collected retrospectively and clinicopathologic factors that might influence survival were analysed. A multiple factor analysis was performed through Cox proportional hazard model. Results The overall 1-year, 3-year and 5-year survival rates were 71.7%, 32.5% and 19.2% respectively. The single factor analysis showed that the major significant factors influencing survival of these patients were histological type of the lesions, lymph node metastasis, pancreatic infiltration, duodenal infiltration, resected surgical margin, perineural infiltration, peripheral vascular infiltration and depth of tumor infiltration (P

Objective To investigate the effect of pre-emptive intrathecal (IT) administration of L-NAME, a non-selective nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor on calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) expression in the dorsal horn of spinal cord in a rat model of neuropathic pain. Methods Ninety-six female adult SD rats weighing 220-310 g were randomly divided into four groups with 24 animals in each group : group A received IT 0.9% NaCl 15 min before sham operation; group B received IT 0.9% NaCl 15 min before right sciatic nerve ligation; group C received IT L-NAME 250 mg in 10?l 15 min before sham operation and group D received IT L-NAME 250 ?g in 10 ?l15 min before sciatic nerve ligation. The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal pentobarbital 50 mg?kg-1. A PE-10 catheter was placed in subarachnoid space with the tip of the catheter reaching the lumbar enlargement region. The animals were allowed to recover for 3-4 days and only those waking normally were used in the study. Right sciatic nerve was exposed and four loose ligatures were placed on the sciatic nerve according to the method described by Bennet. In sham operation the sciatic nerve was exposed but not ligated. The animals were sacrificed on the 1 st, 4 th, 7 th and 14 th day after operation. The lumbar segment of spinal cord was immediately removed. The CGRP expression in the ligated-side dorsal horn was assessed with immuno-histochemistry technique. Results In group B and D CGRP expression in the ligated side dorsal horn was significantly increased on the 4th, 7th and 14th day after operation as compared with that in group A. There was no significant difference in the CGRP expression in the ligated side dorsal horn between group A and C as well as between B and D. Conclusion Pre-emptive IT administration of L-NAME cannot inhibit the increase in CGRP expression in dorsal horn induced by peripheral nerve injury, suggesting that the neuropathic pain mediated by NO is not related to the release of calcitonin gene-related peptide.

Objective To investigate the effect of intrathecal (IT) administration of L-NAME , a nonselective nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, on c-fos expression in spinal cord induced by neuropathic pain. Methods Eighty-four female SD rats weighing 220-310g, which showed no signs of never injury 3 to 4 days after IT catheterization with the tip of catheter reaching the lumbar region, were divided into 4 groups at random: group A received IT 0.9% NaCl 10?g 15min before sham operation ( n = 16); group B received IT 0.9% NaCl 10?l 15min before ligation of sciatic nerve ( n =24); group C received IT L-NAME 10?l (250?g) 15min before sham operation ( n = 16); group D received IT L-NAME 10?l (250?g) 15min before ligation of sciatic nerve (n =24) . The animal in each group were further divided into 4 subgroups ( n = 4-6) and sacrificed on 1st, 3rd, 7th and 14th day after operation. In addition 4 rats which had received no operation of any kind were sacrificed and served as control. The c-fos expression in ipsilateral dorsal horn of spinal cord was detected by immunohistochemistry technique. Results In normal rats in control group (no IT catheterization, no operation) there were only a few fos-positive neurone (3.4? 0.9). The c-fos expression in the ipsilateral dorsal horn of spinal cord greatly increased both in group A and B. In group B there were more fos-positive neurons (FLIN) in the ipsilateral dorsal horn on the 3rd, 7th and 14th day as compare with group A. With pre-emptive intrathecal administration of L-NAME, the increase in ipsilateral c-fos expression induced by ligation of sciatic nerve was inhibited. In group D the number of fos-positive neurons in ipsilateral dorsal horn decreased by 53.8%, 57.1% and 43.2% on the 3rd, 7th and 14th day after operation as compare with group B. On the 1st day afteroperation there was no difference-in FLIN in the ipsilateral dorsal horn between group B and D. Conclusion Nitric oxide plays an important role in mediating the neuropathic pain which can be effectively attenuated or prevented by pre-emptive IT administration of L-NAME.

To design a case-based discussion pedagogy in physiology teaching so as to help students understanding basic medicine combined with clinical medicine. First of all, a teacher should find a typical case with intention. Furthermore, under the guidance of the teacher, students are encouraged to discuss the case and to answer the questions on the basis of the physiological knowledge that they have learned. Finally, the teacher should pay attention to collecting the feedback from students for the improvement of teaching level.

AIM: To investigate the levels of IL-18, IL-16, IL-8, eotaxin and the chymase activity in the sputum of asthmatics. METHODS: IL-18, IL-16, IL-8 and eotaxin levels were detected with sandwich ELISA procedures and chymase activity was determined spectrophotometrically (410 nm) by the rate of hydrolysis of N-succinyl-L-Ala-L-Ala-L-Pro-L-Phe-p-nitroanilide (SAAPP). RESULTS: The specific chymase activities in the severe and moderate asthmatics were higher than that in controls. Native protease inhibitors ?_1-antitrypsin (?_1-AT) and soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI) inhibited 71.9% and 72.1% enzymatic chymase activity, respectively. The levels of IL-18, IL-16, IL-8 and eotaxin were significantly elevated in the sputum of patients with acute asthma. There were correlations between the levels of IL-8 and IL-16 (r=0.55, P

Objective To investigate the effect of Cimetidine on the adhesion between colorectal cancer LOVO cells and endothelial ECV304 cells;and study whether Cimetidine can inhibit the expression of E-selectin in ECV304 cells. Methods Cellular uptake of rose Bengal stain was used to measure the adhesion between LOVO cells and ECV304 cells. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)and flow cytometry (FCM, indirect fluorescence staining and labeling)were used to detect the expression of E-selectin. Results ECV304 cells were exposed to different concentrations of Cimetidine. Both the adhesion between LOVO cells and ECV304 cells and the levels of E-selectin significantly decreased with increasing concentration of Cimetidine(P =0. 001 and 0. 001 respectively). Conclusion Cimetidine can inhibit the adhesion of human colorectal cancer LOVO cells on endothelial ECV304 cells by blocking E-selectin expression. Our observations indicated a potential of anti-adhesion therapy using Cimetidine in cancer treatment.

Polysaccharide was extracted by boiling water reflux method from the fruiting body of Ganoderma lucidum. Additionally, the purified polysaccharide was obtained by removing protein with Sevage way, ethanol precipitation, centrifugation, run water dialysis, membrane separation, concentration and frozen-drying. The structural characteristics, chain conformation and triple-helix conformation of ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide (GLP) were distinguished by Smith degradation, methylation analysis, and the wavelength change of the red shift of the mixture of polysaccharide and Congo red in alkaline solution, as well as IR, GC-MS, NMR, and visible spectrometry. The results indicated that GLP was a linear (1→3) β-D-Glcp main chain linkage. Its monosaccharide component was predominantly composed of D-Glc, and small amount of galactose, mannose, xylose and idose, residues of branches terminated with substituted at 1→6 by a small number of single-unit β-D-Glcp side-chains, it′s also observed that the (1→3)-linked β-D- glucan contained a triple-helical conformation, which was composed of a repeating unit with a structure as below:→3)-β-D-Glcp-(1→3)-[β-D-Glcp-(1→3)-]_n-β-D-Glcp-(1→.↑6/1β-D-Glcp

Skin aging principles play important roles in skin disease diagnosis, the evaluation of skin cosmetic effect, forensic identification and age identification in sports competition, etc. This paper proposes a new method to evaluate the skin aging objectively and quantitatively by skin texture area. Firstly, the enlarged skin image was acquired. Then, the skin texture image was segmented by using the iterative threshold method, and the skin ridge image was extracted according to the watershed algorithm. Finally, the skin ridge areas of the skin texture were extracted. The experiment data showed that the average areas of skin ridges, of both men and women, had a good correlation with age (the correlation coefficient r of male was 0.938, and the correlation coefficient r of female was 0.922), and skin texture area and age regression curve showed that the skin texture area increased with age. Therefore, it is effective to evaluate skin aging objectively by the new method presented in this paper.
Algorithms ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Skin ; Skin Aging

Objective To investigate the antimicrobial resistance of main clinical isolates from ICU during 2012 .Methods Auto-matic microbiology analysis system and the disk diffusion method were performed to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility .All the data were analyzed by WHONET5 .6 software according to the breakpoints of The American Association of Clinical Laboratory Standardization Institute (CLSI) 2012 .Results A total of non-repeated 1 374 clinical isolates were collected in ICU during 2012 , including 1 089 strains (79 .3% ) of Gram-negative bacilli and 285 strains (20 .7% )of Gram-positive cocci ;The top five pathogens were Acinetobacter baumannii ,Pseudomonas aeruginosa ,Escherichia coli ,Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus ;Some Enterobacteriaceae strains were resistant to imipenem or ertapenem .2 strains of Enterococcus faecium were found resistant to van-comycin .Conclusion Non-fermenting bacteria ,Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococci remain the predominant pathogens isolated from the patients in ICU ,their drug resistance is serious ,it is important to use antibacterial agents rationally and strengthen the sur-veillance of bacterial drug resistance .