Medication has become the first-line option for the management of lower urinary tract symptoms induced by benign prostatic hyperplasia (LUTS/BPH) for its advantages in controlling the symptoms, inhibiting BPH progression, and reducing serious complications and surgical risks. Recent years have witnessed remarkable achievement in the studies of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5-Is) in the treatment of LUTS/BPH. PDE5-Is can effectively alleviate LUTS/BPH, with even better efficacy when combined with al-ARAs.
Humans ; Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Male ; Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; complications

AIM: To study protective effects as myocardial ischemic preconditioning of sasanquasaponin (SQS) and its relationship with K ATP channel. METHODS: The study adopted the model of myocardial ischemic injury induced by subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol (ISO) in rats, administering specific K ATP channel blocker gliberclamide (GLI 5 mg?kg -1 ). Four groups were set as NS group, I/R group, SQS group ( 0.2 mg?kg -1 ), and GLI group (5 mg?kg -1 ). Prior to injection of ISO, all agents were intraveneously injected into rats for 3 days, one time per day. Subsequently, ISO was subcutaneuously injected into rats by the ways of many different sites, and some indices were measured including ECG, serum creatine kinase (CK) activity, free fatty acid (FFA), and adenosine contents in rats. RESULTS: Preconditioningly intravenous injection of SQS could effectively protect myocardium from ischemic injury induced by ISO. With GLI injected prior to SQS, the cardioprotective effects of SQS were significantly attenuated. CONCLUSION: SQS can protect myocardium from ischemic injury induced by ISO, and the protection may be mediated by K ATP channel.

AIM In this study, we observe the effects of SQS on contents of myocardial malondialdehyde(MDA)and activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and glutathione peroxidase(GSH Px) through adopting the model of myocardial ischemic injury induced by subcutaneous injection of isoprenaline(ISO 4 mg?kg -1 ?d -1 ?2 d) into rats. METHODS Four groups were divided, namely NS, I/R, SQS1 and SQS2 group. The contents of MDA and activities of SOD and GSH Px were examined after administering SQS for 3 days(1 time per day). RESULTS The results show the elevation of S T in ECG, increase of MDA contents and decrease of SOD and GSH Px activities in I/R group. SQS may antagonize the changes of MDA, SOD and GSH Px induced by ISO, revealing the relationship to dose dependence. CONCLUSION SQS is most likely to possess the capabilities of anti oxygen free radicals and anti lipoperoxidation to myocardial ischemic injury induced by ISO.

Background Researches showed that the content of nitric oxide (NO) and nitric oxide synthetase (NOS) increases in blood,aqueous humor and tear of cataract patient.But the function of NO and NOS in cataract formation is still elusive.Objective The aim of this study was to explore the prevention and treatment effect of NOS inhibitor,1-nitro-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME),on galactose cataract.Methods Sixty clean three-week-old Wistar rats were equally and randomly divided into 3 groups.0.9％ Normal saline solution (30 ml/kg) was subcutaneously injected every day for 30 days in the rats of the control group,and 50％ of D-galactose solution (30 ml/kg) was used in the rats of the model and L-NAME group at the same way.L-NAME eye drops was simultaneously administered in the L-NAME group 3 times per day for 30 days.The eyes of the rats were examined under the slit lamp in 10,20 and 30 days,and the degree of lens opacification was scored.Lenses of the rats were obtained at the end of this experiment for the detect of NO,NOS contents.Flow cytometry was used to assay the caspase-3 level of rat lens.Repeated measurement two factor analysis of variance was used to analyze the difference of lens opacification scores in different groups and different time points,and one-way ANOVA was used to analyze the differences of NO,NOS and caspase-3 contents in lens among the groups.Results Lens opacification appeared in 10 days after injection of 50％ D-galactose solution in the rats of the model group and L-NAME group.Lens opacification score was higher among the different groups and different time points (Ftime =435.251,P =0.000 ;Fgroup =395.120,P=0.000).NO content in the lens was (0.45±0.15) μmol/g,(2.67 ± 0.47) μmol/g and (1.68±0.34) μmol/g in the control group,model group and L-NAME group,showing a significant difference (F=58.872,P=0.000).The NOS contents in the lens was (0.0160±0.0020) U/ml,(0.0370±0.0040) U/ml and (0.0270±0.0010) U/ml in the control group,model group and L-NAME group,showing a significant difference (F =66.174,P=0.000).Caspase-3 contents in the lens was (339.4 ± 37.9),(697.7 ± 46.5) and (650.7 ± 53.1),Showing a significant difference among them (F =100.005,P =0.000).Conclusions The increase of NO,NOS and caspase3 levels are associated with lens opacification.Topical administration of L-NAME eye drops can down-regulate NOS content in lens,reduce the NO formation and inhibit the apoptosis of lens epithelial cells.

Objectives To explore the effects of the blood supply extent on the temperature of target site of tumor and volume of coagulation necrosis (V),and to provide experimental evidence for further precise control of dosage of high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) and improve the efficiency of HIFU in the treatment.Methods Twenty-four rabbit liver VX2 tumor models were established and were divided into four groups:10 d group,15 d group,20 d group,no blood supply group (rabbits were put to death in the 10 d after the models were established).The same irradiation parameters of HIFU were used to irradiate the hepatic tumor tissue of every group,the real-time temperature of target site of tumor were measured,the software from temperature controller was used to plot the time-temperature curve (TTC),V was measured after HIFU.Residual tumor tissue was resected for pathological observation and microvascular density (MVD) determination.Results (1) Histopathological analysis showed that the extent of a tumor's blood supply followed the order 10 d group ＞ 15 d group ＞ 20 d group (P ＜ 0.01).(2)Tmax,T1,k1:betweengroups had no statistical difference among 10 d group,15 d group,20 d group (P ＞0.05),T T1,and k1 between three groups with no blood supply group had statistical difference (P ＜ 0.05).(3) k2:10 d group ＞ 15d group ＞ 20d group ＞ no blood supply group;T2:10d group ＜ 15d group ＜ 20d group ＜ no blood supply group;(4)V:10 d group ＜ 15 d group ＜ 20 d group ＜ no blood supply group.Conclusions The extent of a tumor's blood supply had a significant effect on the temperature-decrease phase but not on the temperature-increase phase during HIFU treatment.The more abundant blood supply of the tumor was,the faster heat abstraction after HIFU was;and the easier the tissue return to normal temperature,the smaller the volume of coagulation necrosis tissue were.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic airway diseases,which leads to heavy social and economic burden to our country.We can use serum biomarkers to evaluate diagnosis,classification,treatment and prognosis of COPD.The change of biomarkers provides lots of valuable clinical information.A variety of biomarkers are associated with the severity of lung function,which can be used to judge disease severity.Some indicators are related to the diagnosis of acute exacerbation or hospitalization risk.Some serum markers would guide therapy and can be effectively applied to clinical work.Study of COPD serum biomarkers would provide more reference information for clinical physicians in diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of COPD.

Object To study the protective effect and pharmacological ischemic preconditioning of sasanquasaponin (SQS) on intact rat heart and its relationship with NO Methods A model of rat myocardial ischemia induced by sc injection of isoproterenol (ISO) was prepared, and after the administration of selective NO synthesis inhibitor methylene blue (MET), the ECG, serum creatine kinase (CK) activity, free fatty acid (FFA) and adenosine contents were determined Results Preconditioning iv injection of SQS can effectively protect the myocardium from ischemia induced by ISO The cardio protective effect was significantly attenuated when the NO synthesis inhibitor MET were injected prior to SQS Conclusion SQS can effectively protect myocardium ischemia induced by ISO and the protection is most likely to be mediated by NO

Enramycin is a polypeptide antibiotic and new, safe animal feed additive. A new purification process was developed, based on pre-purification by macroporous resin and refining by reversed phase chromatography. AB-8 macroporous resin was used for the pre-purification process of enramycin, with an elution buffer of 0.012 mol/L aqueous HCl solution-methanol (50: 50, V/V). Then, enramycin a and enramycin b were separated effectively by C18 reversed phase chromatography, with a elution buffer of 0.05 mol/L aqueous KH2PO4 solution-acetonitrile (70: 30, V/V, pH 4.5). The purities of enramycin a and enramycin b were up to 98.5% and 98.0%, respectively. The yield reached 29.2%. This study would provide a useful reference for the preparation of enramycin a and enramycin b with a high purity.
Adsorption ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; isolation & purification ; Chromatography, Reverse-Phase ; methods ; Peptides ; isolation & purification

Adenocarcinoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Adenoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Aged ; Cell Line, Tumor ; metabolism ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Ether-A-Go-Go Potassium Channels ; genetics ; metabolism ; Female ; HT29 Cells ; metabolism ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasm Staging ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Tumor Burden

OBJECTIVETo investigate therapeutic effects of vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) in the treatment of soft tissue defect combined with tendon and bone exposure.

METHODSFrom October 2007 to February 2011, 397 patients (412 feet) with open ankle fracture and dislocation combined with soft tissue defected were treated by VSD. There were 301 males and 96 females with an average age of 36 years (ranging age from 20 to 73 years). According to AO classification, 74 feet were type I, 211 feet were type II, 108 feet were type III and 19 feet were type IV. The mean time from injury to operation was 5.6 h ( 2 to 12 h). The mean treatment time of was 10 months (4 to 19 months).

RESULTSOne hundred and forty-one patients were primarily healed, 97 patients were sutured at stage II. Split-thick skin grafting was performed at stage II was performed in 103 patients; free flap transplantation was performed in 25 patients. Three of the 34 patients with infection were removed steel plate; Eviscerate flap coverage wound was performed in 14 patients caused by the first metatarsal bone exposure; Toe amputation were performed in 22 cases caused by toes necrosis. Tarsometatarasl joints perforators' surgery was performed in 10 patients with forefeet necrosis. Thirty hundred and six patients were followed up from 3 to 20 months (averaged 10 months). The wounds healed well.

CONCLUSIONVSD for soft tissue defects caused by ankle injury is a simple and effective method, but can not replace debridement and transfer flap.

Adult ; Aged ; Ankle Fractures ; Debridement ; Drainage ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Joint Dislocations ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Skin Transplantation ; Treatment Outcome ; Vacuum ; Young Adult