OBJECTIVE:To promote the research and level of application of pharmacoeconomics in China.METHODS:To expound the current situation of overseas research on pharmacoeconomics and existing problem in its application at home.RE_SULTS & CONCLUSION:Many countries in the world are attaching importance to pharmacoeconomics day by day,however,there exist unclear viewpoints and improper design and data source in pharmacoeconomic research at home.

Objective To study the effect of Shenqi Fuzheng injection (SQFZI,参芪扶正注射液) on renal function in patients after cardiac surgery and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).Methods Forty patients ready for receiving CPB and cardiac surgery were randomly assigned to two groups,20 being in each group. Patients in the SQFZI group were administered of 250 ml SQFZI intravenously before anesthesia,125 ml SQFZI before CPB in CPB mechanical equipment,and 250 ml SQFZI once a day after operation for 3 days. Equal volume balanced solution was received in control group.Creatinine (Cr) in blood and Cr,microalbumin (m-Alb),?_2-microglobulin (?_2-MG) and N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG) in urine were measured and endogeneous creatinine clearance (CCr) was calculated in 40 patients at the time points of before anesthesia, at the end of operation,and 1,3 and 5 days after operation.Results Urinary levels of m-Alb,?_2-MG and NAG were increased significantly after CPB in both groups at different time points at the end of and after the operation (all P0.05).Conclusion CPB has a deteriorating effect on renal function,and the application of SQFZI in peri-operational period has a protective effect on renal function in patients who undergo CPB.

Fibrosis ; Hematoma, Subdural ; Humans ; Osteogenesis ; Subdural Space ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Objective: Cell cycle has recently become more appealing as a new target of anti-carcinogen-ic agent. Diallyl disulfide (DADS) inhibits growth and induces call cycle G_2/M arrest in human gastric cancer BGC823 cells. Cell division cycle protein 25C (Cdc25C) and CyclinB1 expression are involved in G_2/M arrest.However, mechanisms of G_2/M arrest are not yet fully understood. The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanism of cell cycle G_2/M arrest in human gastric cancer BGC823 cells induced by DADS. Methods: The expression of chk1 and Chk2 mRNA associated with cell cycle arrest of BGC823 cells after the induction with DADS for 1 or 2 days was detected by RT-PCR. The protein expression of cycle-related proteins ATM-RAD3-related gene (ATR), checkpoint kinase1 (Chk1), checkpoint kinase 2 (Chk2), P-ATR, P-Chk1 and P-Chk2 was measured by Western blot. Interaction between Chk1/2 and Cdc25C was analyzed by immuno-precipitation. Results: After the cells were treated with 15 mg/L DADS for 1 or 2 days, the expression of Chk1 and Chk2 mRNA was not significantly different from that in untreated cells (P>0.05). Western blot analysis showed that the expression of total Chk1 and Chk2 treated with 15 mg/L DADS was not significantly different from that in untreated cells. But phospho-chk1 showed a significant increase after stimulation with 15 mg/L DADS for 2h to 12h and continued to increase gradually as time went on (P<0.05). Phospho-Chk2 showed a eak expression and a weaker expression after stimulation with DADS, but the changes were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Addition of 15 mg/L DADS to BGC823 cells for 15 rain to 120 min resulted in an increase in phospho-ATR expression, whereas no changes were found in ATR expression (P<0.05). The Chk1 Ab in-creasingly precipitated Cdc25C in BGC823 cells treated with DADS (P<0.05). In contrast, Chk2 Ab failed to change precipitation with Cdc25C by DADS (P>0.05). Conclusion: Activation of chk1 was involved in cell cy-cle G_2/M arrest in BGC823 cells treated with DADS. Cell cycle G_2/M arrest by DADS is associated with phos-phorylation of several cell cycle regulatory proteins including ATR and Chk1 which regulate expression of Cdc25C.

The prescription combinations of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) focuses on the taste and channel tropism, the Qi movement, as well as the compatibility according to multiple combination principles and medicinal property and flavor combination of several traditional Chinese medicines. With the in-depth study on the prescription compatibility, researchers have realized that the medicinal property theory is the core of TCM combinations. However, there is no definite method for combinations based on medicinal properties. In this paper, the authors put forward an method for designing prescription combinations based on bipartite graph and the greedy algorithm. With the medicinal property combinations of Siweilurong Pills for example, the authors proved this method could provide ideas for quickly choosing herbal medicines for prescription combinations, and discussed the prospect of this method in substituting previous and endangered herbal medicines and banned medicinal materials.
Algorithms ; Drug Combinations ; Drug Prescriptions ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Phytotherapy

Humans ; Metabolic Syndrome ; epidemiology

Objective To evaluate the bone healing effect of vascularized tissue-engineered bone induced by endothelial progenitor cells(EPCs)in repair of large segmental radius defects in rabbits.Methods A total of 68 healthy New Zealand white rabbits were enrolled in the study and randomized into three groups,ie,experimental group(EPCs group):EPCs plus bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs)plus decalcified bone matrix(DBM);control group:BMSCs plus DBM;sham control group:pure DBM.Materials mentioned above were implanted into middle radius defects for 15 mm.At 12 and 16 weeks post-operatively,X-ray test,bone mineral density test,histological light microscopic test,osteocalcin immunohistochemical staining test and biomechanical test were carried out.Results Growth and plasticity of callus,speed of medullary cavity recanalization,bone healing speed and biomechanical intensity in the experimental group were all significantly better than those of control group.Conclusions Vascularized tissue-engineered bone induced by EPCs has strong osteegenic ability,can accelerate bone healing and hence is an effective method for repair of large segmental bone defects.

Objective To clarify the role of FLT3 signaling-dependent pulmonary conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) in the pathogenesis of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI),and as well as the modulation effects of cDCs in vivo on the inflammatory responses to acute lung injury.Methods Thirty C57BL/6 male mice were divided into normal control group,LPS group,FLT3L pretreatment group,lestaurtinib,(a high efficient and specific blocker in FLT3 signal pathway) pretreatment group and vehicle (DMSD) control group.FLT3L and lestaurtinib were administrated subcutaneously for 5 days.Murine model of ALI was subsequently established by intra-tracheal application of LPS and lung specimens were harvested 6 h or 24 h later.The accumulation and maturation of pulmonary cDCs were assessed by flow cytometry.IL-6 and TNF-α were quantified to evaluate lung inflammation.Lung injury was estimated by lung wet weight/body weight ratio (LWW/BW) and histopathological assessment.Lung myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity was measured to evaluate neutrophil infiltration.Transcription factors Tbet/GATA-3 mRNA ratio was determined to estimate balance of Th1/Th2 response.IFN-γ and IL-4 were quantified to evaluate Th1-specific and Th2-specific cytokine production respectively.Results The accumulation and maturation of pulmonary cDCs peaked at 6h after LPS challenge.FLT3L pretreatment significantly stimulated the accumulation and maturation of pulmonary cDCs (P ＜ 0.05),leading to markedly deterioration of LWW/BW and lung histopathological changes.Meanwhile lung MPO activity and T-bet/GATA-3 mRNA ratio were elevated (P ＜ 0.05).Furthermore,the production of IL-6,TNF-α and IFN-γwas markedly increased by FLT3L pretreatment (P ＜ 0.05).In contrast,lestaurtinib pretreatment markedly inhibited the accumulation and maturation of pulmonary cDCs (P ＜ 0.05),leading to significant improvement of LWW/BW and lung histopathological changes.Meanwhile lung MPO activity and T-bet/ GATA-3 mRNA ratio were decreased (P ＜ 0.05).Furthermore lestaurtinib efficiently suppressed the production of IL-6,TNF-α and IFN-γ (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion This study thus demonstrated that FLT3 signaling-dependent pulmonary cDCs could control the initiation of acute lung inflammation response to LPS-induced ALI through the regulation of neutrophil infiltration and balance of Thl/Th2 response.

Armillariella tabescens EJLY2098 was induced to produce ?-mannanase with konjac fine flour (Amorphopallus rivieri) as single carbon source. This induced enzyme was then purified using DEAE ion exchange chromatography and named atMAN47. Zymologic analysis showed that the molecular weight of this ?-mannanase was approximately 47 kD. The enzyme was stable when pH ranged from 5.0 to 6.5 and could be activated by Na+ and Ba2+. With an optimal temperature of 50?C. Action mode analysis of TLC revealed that the enzyme belonged to the endo-?-mannanase family. Being a meta-acid endo-?-mannanase, it was suitable to be applied to feed industry with a promising future as an enzyme preparation.

Aim Powdered injections of luotai consist of total saponins of panax notoginseng(PNS) which protect against ischemia injury from myocardial reperfusion injury.Methods ISO-induced acute myocardial ischemia model in rat was made, which decreased S-T sigments in ECG.Luotai after intravenous injection or oral can protect against S-T sigment significant reduction and ∑ST after ISO induced acute myocardial ischemia .Results Luotai 50 mg?kg-1 and 100 mg?kg-1 significantly inhibited S-T sigment decreases. Conclusion Luotai protect ISO induced acute myocardial ischemia and has dose-dependent effect.This ISO-induced acute myocardial ischemia model in rat has some significant advantages,for example,higher stability, good duplication, quickly filtrates, easily masters.