Objective To evaluate liver protection provided by ulinastatin in rats with liver fibrosis.Methods Fifty pathogen-free male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 180-220 g,aged 6-8 weeks,were randomly divided into 5 groups (n =10 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) group,low-dose ulinastatin group (group L),medium-dose ulinastatin group (group M),and high-dose ulinastatin group (group H).Hepatic fibrosis was produced by subcutaneous injection of 50％ CCl4 peanut oil solution two times a week for 8 weeks.After hepatic fibrosis was produced (at 9th week),ulinastatin 2.5× 104,5.0× 104 and 10.0× 104 U/kg were injected via the caudal vein in L,M and H groups,respectively,once a day for 7 days.Blood samples were collected after 24 h of fast on 8th day for determination of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) concentrations by ELISA.The rats were then sacrificed and livers were removed for microscopic examination of pathologic changes with light microscope.The expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β),IL-2,IL-6,IL-8,Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4),and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) mRNA and protein was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot.Results Compared with group C,the serum AST and ALT concentrations were significantly increased in CCl4,L and M groups,the expression of IL-1β,IL-2,IL-6,IL-8,TLR4 and TNF-α mRNA and protein was up-regulated in CCl4 group,and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in group H.Compared with group CCl4,the serum AST and ALT concentrations were significantly decreased in M and H groups,no significant change was found in the serum AST and ALT conccntrations in group L,and the expression of IL-1β,IL-2,IL-6,IL-8,TLR4 and TNF-α mRNA and protein was down-regulated in group H.The pathologic changes of hepatic tissues were attenuated in M and H groups as compared with group CCl4.The pathologic changes of hepatic tissues were almost recovered to the normal structure in group H.Conclusion Ulinastatin can produce liver protection in rats with liver fibrosis.

Objective To develop a PCR-based method of detecting plankton 16S rDNA for the i dentification of death by drowning. Methods Fifteen Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into three groups: the death by drowning group, the group of submerging after death and the control group. After sacrificing by different ways, the brain, liver, kidney and lung of rats were taken out respectively and DNA were extracted from the tissues of these organs and were amplified subsequently by specific primers selected from the third and fourth variable regions of plankton 16S rDNA. Results The specific amplification products were detected from all 5 samples of lung tissue ( 100% ) , 4 samples from liver and kidney tissues (80% ) , and 3 samples from brain tissue (75% ) in the group of death by drowning. No amplification product was detected in all samples of the control group and the amplification product was detected only in 1 sample of lung (20% ) in the group of submerging after death. Conclusion The PCR-based method of detecting plankton 16S rDNA for the identification of death by drowning is certainly feasible.

Objective To observe the effect of preemptive analgesia with lornoxicam on balance of Th1/Th2 during radical gastrectomy. Methods Thirty patients undergoing selective radical gastrectomy were randomly divided into 2 groups with 15 cases each. Lornoxicam 8 mg was used.before surgery,and PCA with lornoxieam and morphine was used for postoperative analgesia in group Ⅰ.PCA with morphine was used for postoperative analgesia in group Ⅱ. Plasma cortisol, interferon-γ(IFN-γ) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) were measured before induction of anesthesia(T_0 ), at the end ofoperation(T_1 ),at 24 h(T_1 ) and 72 h(T_3 ) after operation. Results Compared to that at T_0 ,Cor washigher at T_1 and T_2 in group Ⅱ and at T_2in group I(P<0. 05). (Cor levels at T_1 and T_2were lower ingroup Ⅰ than those in group Ⅱ(P<0. 05). IL-4 of group Ⅰ was lower at T_2 than that at T_0 (P<0.05). IL_4 at T_3 was lower in group Ⅰ than that in group Ⅱ (P < 0.05). IFN-γ of group Ⅰ washigher at T_1 than that at T_0 (P<0. 05), which was higher at T_2 than that of group Ⅱ(P＜0. 05). Theratio of IFN-γ/IL-4 in both groups was significantly higher at T_1-T_3 than those at T_0, which at T_2 washigher in group Ⅰ than that in group Ⅱ (P<0. 05). Conclusion Preemptive analgesia with lornoxicamcan alleviate the excurtion degree of Th1/Th2 and improve inmmnological suppression after radicalgastrectomy.

Objective To study the mutants of pre C/C gene and the base core premotor (BCP) in chronic hepatitis B patients carrying or not carrying hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg). Method The HBV DNA of BCP and PreC/C ware amplified by PCR from serum samples of patients with chronic hepatitis B, and the products were cloned into T vector and sequenced. Results Of BCP variants, the double mutations of T1762/ A1764 were found in 20 of 42 patients with chronic hepatitis, and the prevalence was significantly lower in HBeAg positive patients (7/20) than in HBeAg negative patients (13/22) (P

Objective To investigate the effects of hydrogen gas on the myocardial injury in rats with endotoxemia.Methods Forty-eight healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 200-220 g,were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =12 each ):control group (group C ),hydrogen gas control group (group HC ),endotoxemia group (group E) and hydrogen gas + endotoxemia group (group LH).Endotoxemia was induced by intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 20 mg/kg in groups E and LH,while the equal volume of normal saline was given in groups C and HC.After LPS administration,the rats were exposed to the air containing 2％ hydrogen gas for 6 h in groups HC and LH,and the rats were exposed to the air for 6 h in groups C and E.Blood samples were taken from the abdominal aorta after 6 h inhalation of hydrogen gas to determine the serum level of cTnI.The hearts were then removed to determine the content of TNF-α and IL-6 and expression of phosphorylated nuclear factor κB ( NF-κB) inhibitory protein (p-IκB-α) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p-p38MAPK) in the myocardial tissues.Results Compared with group C,no significant change was found in the levels of cTnI,TNF-α and IL-6 and expression of p-IκB-α and p-p38MAPK in group HC ( P ＞ 0.05),and the levels of cTnI,TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly increased and the expression of p-IκB-α and p-p38MAPK was up-regulated in groups E and LH ( P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group E,the levels of cTnI,TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly decreased and the expression of p-IκB-α and p-p38MAPK was down-regulated in group LH ( P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Hydrogen gas can reduce the myocardial injury in rats with endotoxemia,and inhibition of the p38MAPK and NF-κB pro-inflammatory pathway and reduction of the inflammatory response of myocardial tissues are involved in the mechanism.

Objective To investigate the expression of NF-κB/p65 in nasal NK/T cell lymphomas. Methods Immunohistochemis-try and TUNEL were used to study the expression of NF-KB/p65 and cell apoptosis in 23 nasal NK/T cell lymphoma samples and 14 benign lymph node lesions. Results The NF-KB/p65 positive rates were 43.5% (10/23). The expression of NF-κB/p65 was negative correlated with apoptotic index among 23 nasal NK/T cell lymphomas(P <0. 05). The mean survival period in patients expressed NF-KB/p65 was sig-nificantly shorter than that in negative group(P <0. 05). Conclusions Apoptosis inhibited by overexpression of NF-κB/p65 might be in-volved in the development of nasal NK/T cell lymphoma. NF-κB/p65 expression may be an unfavorable prognostic factor of nasal NK/T cell lymphoma.

Objective To investigate the expression of XIAP and survivin and its significance in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Methods The expression of XIAP and survivin were detected by immunohistochemistry in 49 patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. Results The positive rate of XIAP and survivin in cases of DLBCL were 40.8%(20/49) and 44.9%(22/49) respectively, which was higher than that of benign lymph node pathological changes (P ＜0.05). The expression of XIAP in DLBCL positively correlated with the expression of surviving (r =0.382, P =0.01). Moreover, the mean survival period in DLBCL expressing XIAP was shorter than the XIAP-negative group. Conclusion The up-regulation of expression of XIAP may play an important role in the development of DLBCL, and may cooperate with the expression of survivin in apoptosis pathway. Furthermore, the expression of XIAP might be a new unfavorable prognosis factor of DLBCL.

To determining the postmortem interval (PMI) through quantitative analysis of the DNA degradation of cell nucleus in human brain and spleen by using image analysis technique (IAT). The brain and spleen tissues from 32 cadavers with known PMI were collected, subjected to cell smear every 1 h within the first 5-36 h after death, stained by Feulgen-Van's staining, Three indices reflecting DNA in brain cells (astrocytes) and splenic lymphocytes, including integral optical density (IOD), average optical density (AOD), average gray (AG) were measured by employing the mage analysis instrument. The results showed that IOD and AOD declined and AG increased with the prolongation of dead time within 5-36 h. A correlation between the PMI and gray parameters (IOD, AOD and AG) was identified and the corresponding regression equation was obtained. The parameters (IOD, AOD and AG) were proved to be effective quantitative indicators for accurate estimation of PMI within 5-36 h after death.
Cell Nucleus/*pathology ; DNA Degradation, Necrotic ; Forensic Pathology ; Liver/*pathology ; Postmortem Changes ; Spleen/*pathology ; Time Factors

Objective To develop a novel method for genotyping rs 738409 ( C >G ) single nucleotide polymorphism ( SNP ) , and explore the association between the rs 738409 genotypes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease ( NAFLD ) .Methods Method establishment and analysis of genetic susceptibility.The principle of amplification refractory mutation system ( ARMS) and combined a TaqMan fluorogenic probe as signal report were used , by monitoring the difference of cycle threshold (ΔCt=C allele-special primer Ct values minus G allele-special primer Ct values ) between the two PCR reactions in a real-time PCR, the method for rs738409 genotyping was established ( ARMS-TaqMan) .618 subjects ( men:401;women: 217 ) , in an annual health check-up program from January 2011 to December 2014 in Aerospace Center Hospital , were performed for rs738409 genotyping by the ARMS-TaqMan assay.Fatty liver was diagnosed based on abdominal ultrasonography .The chi-square test and multiple logistic analyses were used to analyze the relationship of rs 738409 genotypes and NAFLD.Results The ΔCt by ARMS-TaqMan for rs738409 genotyping were -13.1 ±1.4 of CC alleles ( 243 cases ) , 0.01 ±0.45 of CG alleles ( 282 cases), and 12.7 ±1.9 of GG alleles (93 cases), respectively.The GG alleles frequency of rs738409 were significantly higher in patients with NAFLD compared with subjects without NAFLD (21.5%vs 12.3%,χ2=8.677, P =0.003).In comparison to subjects with CC alleles, the OR (95% confidence interval) adjusted for age, gender, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, fasting blood glucose and body mass index was 1.35 (0.91-2.00) in subjects with CG alleles and was 2.21 ( 1.32 -3.71 ) in subjects with GG alleles ( P =0.013 ) .Variant rs738409 genotypes were associated with significant increased trend in alanine aminotransferase ( ALT) level from CC alleles, CG alleles to GG alleles (F=8.980, P<0.001), and in aspartate aminotansferase (AST) between GG alleles and CC alleles (F=6.491, P<0.001).Conclusions The novel ARMS-TaqMan assay had the features of accuracy , one step and high-throughput for rs738409 genotyping.The G allele of rs738409 was a risk factor of NAFLD susceptibility and associated with higher level serum ALT and AST .

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of Tanreqing in the treatment of radiation pneumonia. Methods 75 patients with radiation pneumonia were randomly divided into treatment group and control group according to the registration of this study.38 cases in the treatment group treated by Tanreqing,antibiotics and glucocorticoid,while 37 cases in the control group was given antibiotics and glucocorticoid.Then,the therapeutic efficacy was compared.Results From the chest routine scan result and the clinical symptom release,the excellence rate of the treatment group was 68.4%,which of the control group was 43.2%,there was statistically significant difference between the two groups (χ2 =4.823,P =0.028 ).Conclusion Treating radiation pneumonia with Tanreqing has good effect,and it is worthy of clinical application.