Objective To evaluate the effect of group reminiscence therapy on improving the depressive symptoms of the institutionalized elderly. Methods Collecting clinical randomized controlled trials and quasi-randomized controlled trials of group reminiscence therapy for improving depressive symptoms in institutionalized elderly which published from 2000 to November 2016, by searching the Cochrane Library, PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, EMbase, China Biology Medicine, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP, Wanfang Database, Taiwan Academic Online Database and Airiti Library. And reviewing the quality of the studies by using the tools for assessing risk of bias. RevMan 5.3 software was used for data analysis. Results Ten studies(2 randomized controlled trials and 8 quasi-experiments), including a total of 511 cases, were included. The results showed that group reminiscence therapy significantly improved the depression, life satisfaction, and self-esteem of institutionalized elderly (95%CI-1.11--0.56, 0.41-2.05, 1.99-3.82, all P<0.01). There was no statistically significant difference between group reminiscence therapy and usual nursing in relieving loneliness (P = 0.21). Conclusions Group reminiscence therapy can improve the depression in institutionalized elderly, decrease the degree of depression, improve the level of life satisfaction and self-esteem. But in the ease of loneliness has not been confirmed. The randomized controlled trials included in this study were rare and the quality of the literature was low, and large-scale randomized controlled trials of higher quality are needed to confirm this.

AIM: The phagocytotic function and morphological changes of pulmonary alveolar macrophages (AM) of rat in high glucose or high glucose and high insulin conditions were studied. METHODS: AM were harvested from Wistar rats by bronchoalveolar lavage and were activated by Bacille Calmette - Guerin (BCG), interferon a - 2b (IFNa - 2b)or BCG and IFNa - 2b. The adherent rate, nitroblue retrazolium (NBT). reduction function and the concentrations of NO and TNF-a in culture rat AM were evaluated. The ultrastructure of AM was Observed by using transmission elects microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS: In high glucose or high glucose glucose and high insulin conditions, the adherence of AM postponed(P＜ 0.01 ), NBT reduction of AM significantly decreased(P＜0.01); the volume of NO and TNF-a produced by AM after stimulation with BCG and IFNa-2b + BCG was significantly lower in high glucose groups than in the controls (P ＜ 0.01); their surface pseudopodia was reduced and shortened and the numbers of Golgi apparatus and rough endoplasmic reticulum decreased. CONCLUSIONS:The impaired phagocytotic function and ultrastructure of activated rat AM were much the same regardless of high glucose or high glucose and high insulin level in a short time. Diabetic subjects were predisposed to infection of the lung, which was frequently recurrent or even fatal.

AIM: To study the inhibitory effects of the licoric extracts on the activity of tyrosinase, which is constituted of monophenolase and diphenolase. METHODS: The 50%(V/V) alcohol is used as extractant. To investigate the effects of the licoric extracts on the monophenolase and diphenolase activity, the absorbance of the solution containing several concentrations of the licoric extracts was measured at 475 nm and 390 nm, using the L-tyrosine and pyrocatechin as the substrate, respectively. RESULTS: The licoric extracts has showed a strongly inhibition on the activity of tyrosinase, either monophenolase or diphenolase. The IC_ 50 is 1.94 and 2.94 mg?ml -1 , respectively. CONCLUSION: The licoric extracts has inhibitory effects on both monophenolase and diphenolase. The diphenolase activity test system using pyrocatechin as the substrate is a useful procedure to study the activity of tyrosinase.

Background and purpose:The radio-labeled glucose analogue F-18-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose(FDG) is the most widely used tracer in PET imaging,and its application in oncology has become one of the standard imaging modalities.But FDG uptake is not tumor specifi c.The aim of this paper was to study the endoscopic result with the patients of 18F-FDG accumulations in gastrointestinal tract after PET-CT examinations.Methods:Thirtythree patients with 18F-FDG accumulations in gastrointestinal tract were correlated with endoscopic and histopathologic results.Results:Of these,14 patients were harboring newly occurring cancers in gastrointestinal tract(esophagus cancer,2 patients;gastric cancer,5 patients;colorectal cancer,7 patients) .Eight patients were identified with precancerous lesions(adenoma,4 patients;hyperplastic polyp,1 patient;Barrett’s esophagus,1 patient;intestinal metaplasia of the gastric mucosa,2 patients) .Inflammatory lesions were detected in six patients(active colitis,5 patients;anastomotic leakage,1 patient) .In fi ve patients,PET/CT showed normal fi ndings in endoscopic examinations.The false positive rate of PET-CT was 33.33%(11/33) .Conclusion:Endoscopic result is important for patients of 18F-FDG accumulations in gastrointestinal patient.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the change of extracellular matrix (ECM) in diabetic rat lungs.MethodsUsing special staining,immunohistochemical method and imaging analysis,the changes of distribution,area,integral optial density and relative contents of lung ECM in diabetic rats were studied.ResultsThe distributions of elastic fibres,collagenic fibres and reticular fibres increased and roughened.The type Ⅳ collagen strong staining was localized in alveolar septum,the basement membranes of bronchiole and capillary,and distributed in cordal,plexiform.Laminin was strong stained and found in alveolar septum,epithelial cells of alveolar,and the basement membranes of bronchiole and pulmonary vessels in cordal and linear distribution.Image analysis showed the area,integral optical density and relative contents of elastic fibres,collagenic fibres,reticular fibres,type Ⅳ collagen and laminin were larger in diabetic rat lungs than in control groups.ConclusionThese results showed that the changes of ECM in early diabetic rat lungs were abnormal.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of acupuncture-moxibustion in treating postsurgical gastroparesis syndrome (PGS) and the effect on gastrin (GAS) and motilin (MTL).Method Fifty PGS patients were randomized into a treatment group and a control group, 25 cases in each group. The control group was intervened by conventional medication, including effective gastrointestinal decompression, nutrition support, and psychotherapy; the treatment group was by acupuncture-moxibustion therapy in addition to the intervention given to the control group. The time of restoring gastric motility, the distention and fullness grading score, and serum GAS and MTL levels were observed, and the clinical efficacies were also compared.Result The total effective rate was 100.0% in the treatment group versus 92.0% in the control group, and the between-group difference was statistically insignificant (P>0.05). According to statistical analysis, there was a significant difference in comparing the time of restoring gastric motility between the two groups (P<0.01). The distention and fullness grading scores, GAS and MTL levels were significantly changed after intervention in both groups (P<0.01). The distention and fullness grading score, GAS and MTL levels of the treatment group were significantly different from that of the control group after intervention (P<0.01).Conclusion Acupuncture- moxibustion plus medication is an effective approach in treating PGS, and it can up-regulate the GAS and MTL levels.

AIM: The aim of this research is to study the earlier enzyme activity changes of the diaphragm in diabetic rats. METHODS: An enzyme histochemical method was used to observe the changes in the enzyme activities of dehydrogenases,hydrolases and oxidases in 4th week diabetic rat diaphragm. RESULTS: The activites of enzymes including SDH(Succinate dehydrogenase),MDH(Malate dehydrogenase), GDH(Glutamate dehydrogenase), ICDH(Isocitrate dehydrogenase), NADHD(NADH diaphorase), G-6-PD(Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase), ACP(Acid phosphatase) and ANAE(Acid ?-naphtyl acid esterase) were increased in diabetic diaphragm compared with the control. LDH (Lactate dehydrogenase)and CCO(Cytochrome oxidase) activities were decreased, whereas NADPHD(NADPH diaphorase) showed no changes in diabetic rats. Eleven kinds of enzyme were analysed with image analysis.Optical density (A) of SDH, MDH, GDH, ICDH, NADHD, G-6-PD, ACP and ANAE in diaphragm of diabetic rats were significantly higher than that of control rats (P0.05). CONCLUSION: Increase in the aerobic capacity, decrease in the glycolytic capacity, and disturbance of lipid and energy metabolism were found in diaphragm of 4th week diabetic rats.

Objective To investigate and analyze the influencing factors of the quality of life in patients with breast cancer chemotherapy.Methods Ninety-eight breast cancer patients were evaluated by self-administered questionnaire and quality of life questionnaire for Chinese cancer patients with chemobiotherary (QLQ-CCC).The influencing factors of quality of life were analyzed.Results The total scores of QLQ-CCC improved significantly after chemotherapy compared with before chemotherapy (P ＜ 0.01),and the scores of physiological index,mind and psychological index,society index and other index improved significantly after chemotherapy compared with before chemotherapy (P ＜ 0.01 or ＜ 0.05).Age,clinical stage during chemotherapy and after chemotherapy had significant influence for the quality of life (P＜ 0.01).The level of culture had significant influence for the quality of life after chemotherapy (P＜ 0.01).Conclusions For breast cancer patients,the quality of life decline during chemotherapy.After chemotherapy,the quality of life in early stage patients is better than late stage patients.

Objective To induce mice bone marrow(BM) mono-nuclear cells into dendritic cells(DC) in vitro,and then produce function vaccine of anti-myeloma by bone marrow derived dendritic cells(BM-DC).Methods Mono-nuclear cells separated from mice bone marrow were cultured in tissue culture plastics which supplemented granulocyte-macrophage clonystimulating factor(GM-CSF),IL-4.During the 8 days,there were numerous of mature DCs outgrown,and then fused with SP 2/0 myeloma cells in logarithmic growth phase cultured with 8-azaguaine by polyethylene(PEG).The resulting purified DC/myeloma hybrids were generated by selecting with hypoxanthine-aminopterin-thymidine(HAT).The specific anti-tumor activity was examined in vitro.Results Mono-nuclear cells derived from BM cultured by supplement propriate cytokines milieu in tissue culture plastics,and then exposed to lipopolysaccharide(LPS).There were plenty of mature DCs appear as early as day 8,and exhibit dramatic veils of cytoplasm and extensive dendrites in their surfaces,high express CD11c(83.19%),major histocompatibility complex(MHC)-Ⅱ(95.25%),CD86(89.24%),their capacity to stimulate primary T cell responses in mixed leukocyte reaction(MLR) would be shown strongly.Hybrids could grow well through PEG fusion and HAT selection.These hybrids could stimulate naive T cells into cytotoxic T-lymphocyte(CTLs) directed against SP 2/0 myeloma,and exhibit strong specific killed ability.Conclusions BM-DCs is fused with tumor cells ensure the tumor associated antigens could be processed and presented effectively,and stimulate specific anti-tumor immunity so that prevent or cure this kind of tumor.So it's feasible in practice to produce anti-tumor vaccine by BM-DCs.

The effects of testosterone on norepinephrine release were investigated in the isolated rat hearts. Sprague-Dawley male rats (n=120) were randomized to testosterone and control groups. The rats in testosterone group were perfused with modified Krebs-Henseleit buffer containing different concentrations of testosterone (0.1, 1.0, 10.0, and 100.0 nmol/L, respectively). Myocardial ischemia was induced by globally stopping the perfusion flow. Exocytotic norepinephrine release was induced by electrical field stimulation at 5 V (effective voltage) and 6 Hz (pulse width of 2 ms) for 1 min. The overflow of norepinephrine was determined by high pressure liquid chromatography and electrochemical detection (HPLC-EC). Following acute ischemia, testosterone (1.0, 10.0 and 100.0 nmol/L) significantly reduced norepinephrine release (P<0.01), and the norepinepherine overflow was similar between the control and 0.1 nmol/L testosterone group (P>0.05). Electrical stimulation of the ventricle evoked norepinepherine release, and this was diminished by the perfusion with testosterone at the concentrations of 1.0, 10.0 and 100.0 nmol/L (P<0.01). It is suggested that testosterone suppresses ischemia- and electrical stimulation-induced norepinepherine release in the isolated rat hearts.