OBJECTIVE: To study the classification of common symptoms and the laws of syndrome element combination in 251 cases of stable angina pectoris (SAP) by using cluster analysis and corresponding-correlation analysis. METHODS: A total of 251 SAP cases were selected and their information from four diagnosis in traditional Chinese medicine was recorded. The classification of common symptom and the laws of syndrome element combination were investigated by cluster analysis and corresponding-correlation analysis. RESULTS: Twenty-five symptoms found in 251 SAP cases were divided into four types by cluster analysis: deficiency of heart qi, deficiency of spleen qi, deficiency of qi and yin, and phlegm accumulation and blood stasis. The deficiency of heart qi had the closest relation to phlegm accumulation and blood stasis. By corresponding-correlation analysis, the deficiency of qi had the closest relation to blood stasis, next was turbid phlegm and heat stagnation, and then deficiency of qi and deficiency of yin. CONCLUSION: Blood stasis due to deficient qi is the key factor in pathogenesis of SAP. Deficiency of qi plus blood stasis, deficiency of qi plus deficiency of yin, blood stasis plus turbid phlegm, deficiency of heart qi plus blood stasis plus turbid phlegm are common syndrome element combinations of SAP. It is proved that cluster analysis and corresponding-correlation analysis are the proper methods for studying laws of syndrome element combination.

Objective To study the TCM syndromes and diagnosis of patients after percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).Methods The clinical epidemiological method was adopted in the study and the symptoms and signs including the manifestations of tongue and pulse of 143 patients after PCI were recorded for the variable cluster analysis.Results The most of frequently appeared symptoms and signs of patients after PCI were chest pain,chest distress,lassitude,irritability,frequent micturition at night,obesity,dark lips and ecchymosis on the tongue.The 6 involved syndromes of the patients were qi deficiency with phlegm retention,kidney deficiency with blood stasis,liver qi stagnation,qi deficiency of spleen,qi deficiency of heart,and deficiency of both qi and yin.The diagnostic points of each of them were set up.Conclusion Six syndrome type could be classified in patients after PCI,and analysis base on diagnostic information set up the diagnostic points.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the role of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in the signaling pathway of mouse intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury.

METHODSTwenty-four Specific Pathogen free male C57BL / 6 mice were randomly divided into three groups (n = 8) : the sham operation group (sham), the control group(control) and the HMGB1 antibody group (anti-HMGB1). The vehicle alone or anti-HMGB1 antibody(1 mg/kg, 0. 025%) was injected respectively via the caudal vein 30 min prior to ischemia in the control group or the anti-HMGB1 group. All mice were anesthetized,opened abdominal wall and exposed arteria mesenterica superior. The control group and the anti-HMGBl group underwent 60 min of mesenteric ischemia and 60 min of reperfusion and the sham group were merely opened abdominal wall for 120 min without ischemia-reperfusion. The levels of NF-κB p65, IL-6 and TNF-α in plasma and the activity of MPO in lung and liver and the morphological changes of lung and intestinal tissue were measured. The mRNA levels of HMGB1 and NF-κB were evaluated using real-time quantitative PCR and the protein levels of HMGB1 and NF-KB were evaluated using Western blot. The experimental data was analyzed using one-way analysis of variance.

RESULTSThe levels of IL-6, TNF-α and NF-κB p65 in plasma was significantly higher in the control group and the anti-HMGB1 group compared with the sham group (the sham group vs. the control group vs. the anti-HMGB1 group, NF-κB p65, 104. 64 ± 11. 89: 228. 53 ± 24. 85: 145. 00 ± 33. 63, F = 38. 036, P <0. 05; IL-6,50. 02 ± 6. 33:104. 91 ± 31. 18:62. 28 ± 6. 73, F = 49. 763, P < 0. 05; TNF-α, 43. 79 ± 4. 18: 70. 81 ± 6. 97: 52. 76 ± 5. 71, F = 34. 571, P < 0. 05). The increasing degree in the anti- HMGB1 group was significantly reduced compared with the control group (P <0. 05). The activity of MPO of liver and lung in the control group and the anti-HMGB1 group was significantly higher than those in the sham group (P <0. 05). Compared with the sham group, the degree of tissue injury in jejunum, ileum and lung was serious in the control group, and that in the anti-HMGB1 group was significantly lower than the control group. The expression of HMGB1 mRNA and NF-κB mRNA in the lung and the ileum in the sham group and the control group were all higher than the sham group (HMGB1 mRNA in lung: sham group 1. 04 ± 0. 19 vs. control group 2. 25 ± 0. 18 vs. anti-HMGB1 group 1. 89 0. 18, F = 66. 203, P < 0. 05; in ileum: 1. 14 ± 0. 54 vs. 6. 26 ± 0. 60 vs. 4. 93 0. 55, F = 133. 427, P < 0. 05; NF-κB mRNA in lung: 1. 03 ± 0. 21 vs. 2. 04 ± 0. 29 vs. 1. 42 ± 0. 23, F =26. 229, P < 0. 05; ileum: 1. 03 ± 0. 23 vs. 3. 71 ± 0. 53 vs. 2. 23 ± 0. 55, F = 50. 477, P <0. 05). Subjected to intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury, the protein expression of HMGB1 and NF-κB in the lung, jejunum and ileum in the control group and the anti-HMGB1 group increased compared with the sham group(P <0. 05), but that was significantly lower in the anti-HMGB1 group than the control group (P <0. 05).

CONCLUSIONThe administration of anti-HMGB1 antibodies may reduce the damage caused by ischemia-reperfusion effectively.

Animals ; HMGB1 Protein ; metabolism ; Interleukin-6 ; Intestines ; metabolism ; Liver ; Lung ; Male ; Mesenteric Artery, Superior ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; NF-kappa B ; RNA, Messenger ; Reperfusion Injury ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factor RelA ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Objective To study several measuring methods of the intestinal mucosa barrier and evaluate the correlation between different methods for determining the intestinal damage.Methods Sixteen specific pathogen free (SPF) male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups:the Control group (n =8) and the ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) group (n =8).After adaptive feeding for 5 days,I/R group was put into ischemia model for 60 min and the Control group was merely opened on its abdominal wall but without ischemia for 60 min.After having been fed for another day,all rats were killed and specimens were collected.The plasma diamine oxidase (DAO),D-lactate (D-LAC),endotoxin,and glutamine (Gln) levels were detected,and the intestinal mucosal morphology was observed.The intestinal permeability (L/M) was detected 1 day before and after the surgery.Results The plasma DAO,D-LAC,and endotoxin levels were significantly higher in I/R group compared with the Control group (DAO:(0.498 ±0.032) vs (0.247 ±0.051) U/ml,t=-11.790,P=0.000; D-LAC:(5.47±1.55) vs (3.83±0.63) mg/L,t=-2.757,P=0.022; endotoxin:(0.0395±0.002 8) vs (0.025 6 ±0.004 5) EU/ml,t =-7.377,P =0.000).The plasma Gln concentration was significantly lower than that in the Control group [(646.12 ± 34.75) vs (839.13 ± 163.76) μmol/L,t =3.261,P =0.012).The L/M value on the 1 st postoperative day was significantly higher than that in the I/R group [(3.63 ±2.09) vs (1.22 ±0.66),t =-3.118,P =0.013)].The jejunum mucosal thickness,jejunum villus height,ileal mucosal thickness,and ileal villus height were significantly lower in I/R group compared with the Control group after operation [(329.80 ±64.68) vs (512.82 ±38.41) μm,t=6.881,P=0.000; (253.06±69.33) vs (386.79±56.39) μm,t=4.232,P=0.001; (205.89± 18.71) vs (335.29±27.71) μm,t=10.945,P=0.000; (135.61 ±22.30) vs (253.18±31.02) μm,t =8.705,P =0.000].After intestinal ischemia/reperfusion,DAO,D-LAC,endotoxin and L/M were all increased and positively correlated with each other.The plasma concentration of Gln and the morphological changes of jejunum and ileum were negatively correlated with DAO,D-LAC,endotoxin,and L/M,respectively.Conclusions After intestinal ischemia/rcperfusion,the levels of all examination indicators obviously change and correlate with each other.The DAO,D-LAC,endotoxin,and L/M are positively related to each other and negatively correlated with the intestinal barrier function.Gln is positively correlated with small intestinal mucosal morphology and negatively correlated with others,respectively.

Aiming at the shortcomings of the traditional nuclear medicine teaching model and attempting to adapt to the needs of the development of clinical nuclear medicine,we changed teaching methods,strengthened practice teaching,performed online learning,introduced the self-made teaching materials,enriched the teaching contents,proposed the concept of comparative imaging and reformed on examination method.These measures greatly improved students' interests in learning and clinical thinking ability and helped students understand and master the theoretical knowledge of medicine.

Sleep-wake disturbance is not only a risk factor for stroke,but also one of the serious complications of stroke.The main clinical manifestations of post-stroke sleep-wake disturbance are insomnia,arousal disorders,sleep-related movement disorders and parasomnias.Its mechanism is mainly associated with the sleep-wake center after stroke injury.

Objective To explore the molecular mechanism of inhibition of LPS-induced inflammation by fenoterol, a β2 adrenoceptor agonist in monocyte. Methods Concentrations of interleukin 1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and MCP-1 from cell supernatants from THP-1 cells and wild type or MyD88- / - mice peritoneal macrophages stimulated by LPS in the presence or absence of fenoterol were determined by use of an ELISA system. Expression of MyD88 (myeloid differentiation factor 88) stimulated by LPS in the presence or absence of fenoterol were determined by Western blot. Results Fenoterol inhibited LPS-induced activation of MyD88 and secretion of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, MCP-1, and IL-1β). The reaction of MyD88- / - mice peritoneal macrophages to LPS was much lower than that of the wild type mice peritoneal macrophages. Conclusions MyD88 plays an important role in inflammation induced by LPS. The inhibition of LPS-induced expression of MyD88 by fenoterol is associated with its anti-inflammatory effect.

The research and development of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) injections is an important innovation of modernization of TCM, which has great clinical value and irreplaceability in medical enterprise of China. But reports of adverse events of TCM injections gradually increased in recent years and the security problems received much concern with the enlargement of its application range. The reasons include unreliable herb sources and unreasonable utilization, in which the former includes historical reasons and non-unified standard and the latter includes combined use of Chinese and Western medicine, misused dosage and formula not corresponding to syndromes. We should face the problems, and preventive measures should be worked out by pharmaceutical factory, doctors and government. The first one is strictly guarding the pharmaceutical preparation procedures with advanced pharmaceutical technology; the second one is advocating the idea of formula corresponding to syndromes to minimize the occurrence of adverse effects; and the last one is strengthening the postmarketing reevaluation and market supervising management.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the reproducibility of Gleason scores for prostate cancer.

METHODSBased on the revised Gleason Scoring System of the International Society of Urological Pathology ( ISUP) , we analyzed the reproducibility and difference of Gleason scores in 49 cases of prostate cancer using the methods of combination and grouping.

RESULTSThe total reproducibility of Gleason scores among 15 pathologists was good (κ = 0.642), 62.2% by the combination method, the highest in Gleason 5 + 5 (81.2%) and 5 +4 (73.3%), then in Gleason 4 + 4 (67.5%), 3 + 3 (64.0%), 4 +3 (61.3%), and 3 + 4 (44.0%), and the lowest in Gleason 4 + 5 (38.9%) and 3 + 5 (33.3%). The total reproducibility of Gleason scores by the grouping method was 71.4%, the highest in Gleason 9-10 (84.9%) , then in Gleason 7 (76.7%) and 6 (64.0%), and the lowest in Gleason 8 (60.7%).

CONCLUSIONThe reproducibility of Gleason scores remains to be further improved in prostate cancer, mainly concerning the understanding of Gleason 3 and 4 carcinoma.

Carcinoma ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplasm Grading ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; Reproducibility of Results

Objective To test the degree of acceptance and understanding of the entries for patient reported outcomes of stagnation of qi and blood;To further optimize and modify the entries. Methods A small sample pre-survey and group interviews were used to get the feedback information abut entries of patients, then the panel discussed to modify entries according to the data information. Results After a small sample pre-survey and group interviews, 11 items for modification were obtained, including the rejection in physical pain, belching and so on. Through further optimization and modification, the entries for patient reported outcomes of stagnation of qi and blood covered 41 entries in physiological domain, 11 entries in psychological domain, 1 entry in independent domain, and 8 entries in social domain. Conclusion The core part of the entries for patient reported outcomes of stagnation of qi and blood was formed, which comprehensively reflects the connotation of stagnation syndrome of qi and blood.