To investigate the effects of different surface conditioning methods on the shear bonding strength of glass-infiltrated ceramic to dentine, 24 glass-infiltrated ceramic testing-pieces were divided into four groups randomly. Among them 3 groups were treated with A(sandblasting+silance), B(etching+silace) or C(silance), separately, while group D was set as the control. Bonding the ceramic pieces to dentine with Super-Bond and the shear bonding strengths was measured. The results showed that the shear bonding strength of group D was lower than that of group A, B and C (P0.05). It is suggested that surface conditioning using combined sandblasting with silance can remarkbly improve the shear bonding strength of glass-infiltrated ceramic to dentine.

Objective To explore the causes and management of delayed un ion and non-union of long bone fracture of the leg. Methods 13 cases of delayed union and non-union of long bone fracture of the leg were treated with interlo cking intramedullary nails. 2 cases were given close implanting, and 11 cases we re managed with open reduction, of whom 9 were also grafted with autogenous bone . All patients were given early static interlocking, and 4 cases were given late dynamic interlocking. Results X-rays and follow-up showed that all patients h ealed up after an average of 14.5 months.Conclusions Interlocking intramedullary nails are a satisfactory method to treat delayed union and non-union of long b one fracture of the leg. The key points of the operation are reaming, selecting suitable nails and dynamic interlocking when necessary.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of Danlou Tablet (DT) on arrhythmia model rats induced by transient myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R).

METHODSTotally 45 healthy Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups, the sham-operation group, the model group, and the DT group, 15 in each group. Rats in the sham-operation group and the model group were administered with distilled water by gastrogavage at the daily dose of 0.1 mL/kg. Rats in the DT group was administered with 0.53 g/mL DT suspension by gastrogavage at the daily dose of 0.1 mL/kg. All medication was lasted for 10 successive days. The myocardial I/R experiment was performed at 1 h after the last gastrogavage. ECG was performed before ligation and at I/R. The jugular arterial blood pressure of all rats was measured during the whole course. ST segment changes were observed at each time point of I/R. The ventricular fibrillation, the premature ventricular, the number and the duration of ventricular tachycardia within 30 min reperfusion were also observed. Activities of Na(+)-K+ ATPase and Ca2+ ATPase in the myocardium homogenate were detected as well.

RESULTSThe jugular arterial blood pressure and the heart rate were slightly lower in the DT group than in the model group, but with no statistical difference (P > 0.05). Compared with the sham-operation group, the degree of ST segment was obviously elevated in the model group at 0, 5, and 7 min (P < 0.05). It was significantly lower in the DT group than in the model group (P < 0.01). ST seg ment was more elevated at 5 min than at 0 min in the model group, but the degree of ST segment elevation was still obviously lower in the DT group than in the model group (P < 0.05). There was no statistical difference in the degree of ST segment elevation at 7 min between the two groups (P > 0.05). At 0 min when the decrement of ST segment exceeded one half the ischemia, there was no statistical difference in the degree of myocardial ischemia between the model group and the DT group (P > 0.05). Compared with the model group, the incidence of fatal and nonfatal ventricular fibrillation, the frequency and duration of ventricular tachycardia and premature ventricular beats were obviously lessened, and activities of Na(+)-K+ ATPase and Ca(2+)-ATPase increased (all P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSDT could significantly protect arrhythmias induced by transient I/R. Its effect might be related to lowering the degree of myocardial ischemia, and increasing ion transport channel related enzyme activities.

Animals ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury ; complications ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

BACKGROUND: Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) proliferation and transmigration and platelet activation cause thrombogenesis and lead to grafted vessel restenosis. Nitric oxide (NO) can inhibit the above-mentioned biological responses, but whether endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene transfection can inhibit the neointimal hyperplasia in graft seeded with SMCs remains uncertain.OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to further investigate the effect of eNOS gene transfection on neointimal hyperplasia in the grafts seeded with SMCs.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: This study, a repeated observation and measurement experiment, was performed at the Central Laboratory and Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Xi'an Jiaotong University Medical College from April 2006 to May 2007.MATERIALS: One 1-month-old New Zealand rabbit was used to acquire SMCs. Another 18 adult New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=6).In normal control group,the vessel graft with no SMCs were transplanted; In SMC/lacZ group, the vessel grafts with SMCs transfected with lacZ were transplanted;In SMC/eNOS group,the vessel grafts with SMCs seeded with eNOS were transplanted.METHODS: Rabbit SMCs were transduced with pseudotyped retroviral vectors, Murine leukemia virus/vesicular stomatitis virus G glycoprotein, carrying genes coding for eNOS or lacZ gene. The SMCs then were seeded on the vessel grafts and implanted into the rabbit abdominal aorta using vessel bypass transplantation.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Nitric oxide (NO) content in the supernatant of cells transfected with eNOS and lacZ gene was detected by citrulline method. The grafts were stained with X-gal to visualize the seeded cells: the seeded SMCs were stained blue,while eNOS were stained red. The thickness of the neointima on a graft was measured with a microscope.RESULTS: Eighteen rabbits were all included in the final analysis. NO content in the SMC/eNOS group was significantly higher than that in the normal control group (P<0.05). The SMCs transfected with lacZ gene showed blue after X-gal staining under the inverted microscope. Thirty days after implantation, there was no difference in neointimal thickness between normal grafts and grafts seeded with eNOS or lacZ transduced SMCs (P>0.05).100 days after implantation,the neointimal thickness on grafts seeded with eNOS transduced SMCs was similar to that of unseeded grafts (P>0.05 ), but was significantly thinner than that on grafts seeded with SMCs transduced with only lacZ gene (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: eNOS gene transfection inhibits nenintimal hyperplasia in the vessel graft seeded with SMCs.

Acetabulum fracture, the inner fracture of the joint, has be en divided into 10 kinds. Because acetabulum is an irregular body, no single ope ration approach can solve all kinds of acetabular fracture. Appropriate selectio n of the operative approach according to the type of fracture is very important. Kocher-Langenbeck approach, extended-iliofemoral approach and ilioinguinal ap proach are often used in clinic now. Because of its complicated procedures and m any complications resulting from the approach, the application of extended-ilio femoral approach is decreasing. Because of its predominant advantage and improve ment of the operation techniques, the use of ilioinguinal approach is obviously increasing in proportion. Since the united approach can reveal clearly so that i t facilitates reduction and internal fixation, it is recommended by the surgeons at home and abroad.

Objective To evaluate the predictive value of Wells score combined with D-dimer in the diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism.Methods A total of 540 patients with suspected pulmonary embolism admitted from 2008 to 2011 were enrolled for study.The diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE) was confirmed by using computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA).These patients were divided into two groups:PE group and non-PE group.Comparative analysis was carried out in demographics,underlying diseases,chief complaints,physical signs,venous thrombosis risk factors,laboratory findings and Wells scores between the two groups.Results Of 502 patients selected into this study,there were 246 in PE group and 256 in Non-PE group.The incidence rates of history of recent surgery or bed-ridden,recent fracture of pelvis or lower limb,symptoms of hemoptysis,transient disturbance of consciousness,signs of unilateral lower limb swelling,hypoxia and hypocapnia of arterial blood gas analysis,elevated levels of D dimer,high Wells score in PE group were significantly higher than those in non-PE group (P ＜ 0.05).And there were no statistical difference in other variables found between the two groups.The areas under the ROC curve of Wells score,D-dimer and the combination of the two were 0.775 (95％ CI:0.719-0.831),0.802 (95 ％ CI:0.751-0.853) and 0.899 (95 ％ CI:0.834-0.964),respectively.And the area under the ROC curve of the combination of the two was greater than that of separated application (P ＜ 0.05).When the cut-off value of Wells score was 5 and D-dimer was 1 724 μg/L,the weighted maximum sensitivity and specificity were reached,and these cut-off values were higher than above determined values,the reliability of the diagnosis of PE was obviously increased,and those were lower than these cut-off values,the reliability of excluding PE was also increased.Conclusions Wells score combined with D-dimer showed a higher value in predicting acute pulmonary embolismthan than their separated application.

Objective To investigate the mechanism and prevention of gallstones after esophageal cancer surgery.Methods Clinical data from 297 cases of esophageal cancer patients underwent surgical treatment from 2007 to 2010 inour hospital were retrospectively analyzed for the incidence of post-operative gallstones.ResultsNo cholecystitis and gallstones were detected by B-ultrosound before the operation in the 39 patients.13.1％ of the patients developed gallstones from 1 month to 3 years after the operation.The incidence was significantly higher than that in general population.Conclusion There is a high chance of gallstones in patients after radical resection of esophageal cancer.Cutting vagus nerve plays an important role in the incidence of gallstones.Preservation of vagus nerve during the surgery should be performed as possible.

BACKGROUND:Systemic lupus erythematosus is a kind of heterogeneous disease, and the difference of clinical features may also be the risk factors of osteonecrosis besides of treatment with glucocorticoids according to the literature. However, it remains controversial on the risk factors of osteonecrosis in systemic lupus erythematosus patients.
OBJECTIVE:To systematical y review the major risk factors of osteonecrosis in the Chinese patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
METHODS:The CNKI database, CBMdisc database and Wanfang database were retrieved for the published case-control study literatures on the risk factors of osteonecrosis in the Chinese patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. The literatures met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included, and a Meta-analysis was conducted by RevMan 5.0 and Stata software. Then, the pooled odd ratio and 95%confidence interval of each risk factor were calculated.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Ten case-control study literatures were included involving 332 cases in the case group and 986 cases in the control group. The pooled odd ratio and 95%confidence interval of each risk factor of osteonecrosis in the Chinese patients with systemic lupus erythematosus were as fol ows:Raynaud’s
phenomenon 3.28(1.69-6.38), dental ulcer 2.95(2.13-4.09), renal involvement 1.21(0.83-1.74), vasculitis 5.64(2.84-11.21), hyperlipidemia 5.11(3.10-8.42), anti-phospholipid antibody 2.32(1.49-3.61) and joints involvement
2.02(1.33-3.07). It has been clear that the glucocorticoids is an independent risk factor of osteonecrosis in the patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. However, it is not the one and only risk factor. The fol owing risk factors of
vasculitis, hyperlipidemia, Raynaud’s phenomenon, dental ulcer, positive anti-phospholipid antibody and joints involvement are the risk factors of osteonecrosis in the patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Purpose　The aim is to study the effects of solubl e chit osan on antitumor factors and NK cell activity in rats.Methods　The level of NO、TNF produced by peritoneal macrophages,IFN-γ production and NK ce ll activity of spleen was detected,after different concentrations of chitosan we re injected into the sarcoma 180 rats peritoneally.Results　Th e cont ents of NO、TNF、IFN-γ and NK cell activity in sacroma 180 rats were significa ntly higher in the chitosan groups than those in the control group (P＜0.01) .Conclusion　Chitosan could impove the immune function in rats .

Objective To investigate the change of apoptosis and drug resistance after multiple thermotherapy On the HepG2 Cell. Methods After HepG2 cell were treaded by ten repeated cycles of exposure at 43 degree C for 80 minutes twice a day，the sensibility of HepG2 cell to Adfiamyein was analyzed by MTr assay.The apoptosis Was detected by kit，and the expression of Bcl-2 or Bax protein and mRNA were detected by immunohistochemical method and RT-PCR respective.Results The drug resistance to Adfiamycin Was gained by HepG2 cell after multiple thermotherapy.The rate of apoptosis was decreased，the expression of Bcl一2 protein and mRNA Was strengthened，and the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax increased.Conclusions The resistance of heated HepG2 cell to chemotherapeutics Was related with the decreased rate of apoptosis，overexpression of Bcl-2 protein and mRNA，and increased ratio of Bcl-2/Bax.