Objective To observe the effect of aprotinin preconditioning on nitric oxide (NO), nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and oxyradical during spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury in rabbits.Methods 21 rabbits were randomly divided into the aprotinin treatment group (8 rabbits), control group (8 rabbits) and sham operative group (5 rabbits). The infrarenal segment in abdominal aorta was clamped for 60 min to construct the model of lumbosacral spinal cord ischemia in rabbits. Reperfusion was followed and kept on for 24 h until the blood flow regained normal. In the treatment group, aprotinin was given at 3×107 IU/kg as a short time intravenous injection for 10 min before ischemia, and then was drilled with micro pump by 1×107 IU/kg/h. Normal saline was used in the control group, the ischemia-reperfusion duration between aprotinin treatment group and control group remained same. The sham operative group was only exposured abdominal aorta and not clamped. The rabbits were killed before ischemia and 8 h, 24 h after ischemia-reperfusion, lumbar segment was harvested to detect content of NO, malondialdehyde (MDA), induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) of spinal cord.Results 8 h after spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion, compared with the control group, the content of NO, MDA and the activity of iNOS were less, and the activity of SOD was more in the aprotinin treatment group ( P<0.05).Conclusion Aprotinin pretreatment can reduce the content of NO, MDA and descend the activity of NOS. Moreover aprotinin pretreatment can ascend the activity of SOD and improve apoptosis of nerve cell.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; history ; China ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Medicine in Literature

【Objective】 To detect the copy numbers of brain-deriv ed neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene in BDNF transfected PcDNA3.1(+)/BDNF/CHO cel ls with fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (FQ-PCR). 【Methods 】 BDNF DNA were amplified by GeneAmp 5700 Sequence Detection System with eq ual quantitative genomic DNA of PcDNA3.1(+)/BDNF/CHO, PcDNA3.1(+)/CHO and CHO cells as tamplates respectively. The process was repeated 30 times for every sam ples. The results were analyzed using q test. 【Results】 The copy numbers o f BDNF of PcDNA3.1(+)/BDNF/CHO cells and PcDNA 3.1(+)/CHO and CHO cells were 9 5 164±12, 31 622±10, 31 622±11 respectively. The copy numb ers of BDNF of PcDNA3.1(+)/BDNF/CHO cells were as three times as those of the P cDNA3.1(+)/CHO and CHO cells. The copy numbers of the two latters were the same . 【Conclusion】 The results clearly show that the PcDNA3.1(+)/BDNF/CHO cells h arbor two BDNF DNA copies.

Objective: To observe the effect of cilostazol on the ion channel of right ventricular cells in experimental rats, and to explore the ion channel mechanism of ciolstazol for preventing the ventricular arrhythmia in Brugada syndrome.
Methods: Our research was composed of 2 groups: ①Perfusion group, the cells were treated in 4 sub-groups by cilostazole at 1, 2, 5, 50μmol/L respectively, and there were 9, 5, 3, 7 cells were recorded at each sub-group to observe the differences of current density Ito at before and after treatment. ②Oral group, which included 4 sub-groups:Control 1 with 7 rats, Experiment 1 with 5 rats, and Control 2 with 8 rats, Experiment 2 with 6 rats respectively. The differences of current density Ito and ICa,L were studied between each Control and Experiment sub-groups.
Results: In Perfusion group,①with cilostazole 1, 2, 5, 50μmol/L treatment, the current density Ito decreased in all sub-groups, when the self-command voltage at+60mV, the Ito was signiifcantly different in each sub-group at before and after treatment, all P<0.05.②When each command voltage decreasing, the reduction rates of Ito were similar among 4 sub-groups, all P>0.05. In Oral group,①When the self-command voltage from-50mV reached the maximum of+60mV, the Ito was similar between Control 1 and Experiment 1 sub-groups, P>0.05.②When the self-command voltage at+10mV, the current density of ICa,L was slightly higher in Control 2 sub-group than that in Experiment 2 sub-group, P>0.05.
Conclusion: Direct perfusion of cilostazole in right ventricular cells may inhibit Ito in experimental rats, such effect was similar with cilostazole treatment at (1-50)μmol/L. Cilostazole might prevent the ventricular arrhythmia in Brugada syndrome in experimental rats.

Objective To investigate the effects of RNA interference (RNAi) targeting angiotensinconverting enzyme (ACE) on blood glucose,insulin resistance,as well as oxidative stress in type 2 diabetic rats.Methods Type 2 diabetic rats were divided into diabetes control group (caudal intravenation with control adenovirus named Ad5),gene treatment group (caudal intravenation with recombinant adenoviral vectors named Ad5-ACE-shRNA,expressing ACE gene-specific shRNA),and enalapril group (intragastric administration with enalapril every day).At the same time,the normal blood glucose control group was set up.All rats were injected two times during the experiment period.Blood glucose was measured before and after the intervention.At the third day of the experiment,expressions of ACE mRNA and protein in pancreas were evaluated by RT-PCR and Western blot,and serum concentrations of ACE and Ang Ⅱ were measured by ELISA.By the end of the experiment,insulin sensitivity index was calculated and expressions of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) protein of epididymal adipose tissue and NAD (P) H (p22phox) protein of pancreas were measured.Results Blood glucose levels in the gene treatment group [(17.8 ±1.1) mmol/L] and the enalapril group [(17.9 ± 1.2) mmol/L] were lower than that in the diabetes control group [(24.9 ± 1.3) mmol/L] when the experiment was finished.ACE mRNA and protein expressions in pancreas of the gene treatment group were significantly decreased compared with the diabetes control group (P ＜ 0.05).Serum concentrations of ACE and Ang Ⅱ in the gene treatment group were (16.37 ± 3.01) ng/ml and (18.24 ± 3.69)pg/ml,significantly lower than those of the diabetes control group [(46.67 ± 3.92) ng/ml and (44.93 ± 4.12) pg/ml respectively,both P＜0.05].Insulin sensitivity indexes of the gene treatment group and the enalapril group were (-5.14 ± 0.41) and (-5.17 ± 0.38),being all significantly higher than that of the diabetes control group (-6.18 ±0.46,both P＜0.05).Expressions of GLUT4 protein in epididymal adipose tissue were higher and expressions of p22phox protein in pancreas were lower in the gene treatment group and the enalapril group than those of the diabetes control group (both P＜0.05).Conclusions RNAi targeting ACE gene may delay the progress of hyperglycaemia and improve the situation of insulin resistance and oxidative stress.The RNAi technology may be used as a new strategy of gene therapy for diabetes mellitus.

Objective:To investigate the influence of social support to nursing students occupation maturity, provide a new perspective and reasonable suggestions for the cultivation of nursing students occupation planning. Methods:A total of 759 nursing students of different education levels were selected. The Social Support Rating Scale and the Career Maturity Inventory Attitude Scale were used to investigate the influence of social support to nursing students occupation maturity. Results:Different levels of nursing students in subjective support and utiliza-tion of support,the total score difference was statistically significant(P <0. 05),college students social support score lower than the college students. Overall maturity of undergraduate and college nursing students occupation de-gree higher than secondary school students,students occupation maturity in the condition assessment,personal ad-justment,value conception,occupation cognition,self-cognition of these dimensions also exist a significant differ-ence(P<0. 05). Social support and occupation maturity of each factor is correlated in most dimensions. Conclu-sion:The social support of nursing students′ occupation maturity degree has important influence,requirements of professional teachers should integrate education occupation maturity while imparting professional knowledge,lay a solid foundation for nursing students′occupation career planning.

Objective To explore the pattern of lymph node metastasis in patitsen with squamous cell carcinoma of the thoracic esophagus and its significance in lymphadenectomy.Methods The clinical data of 230 patients who received radical esophagectomy with three-field lymphadenectomy was analyzed.The metastatic sites of lymph nodes were correlated with tumor location by chi-square test.Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between clinic pathoingical factors and lymph node metastasis.Results Lymph node metastases were found in 133 of the 230 patients(57.8%).The average number of resected lymph nodes was 25.3? 11.4 per patient(range 11～71).The rates of lymph node metastasis were 41.6%,19.44%and 8.3%in the neck,thoracic medi- astinum and abdominal cavity for patients with upper thoracic esophageal carcinoma,33.3%,34.7%and 14%for patients with mid- die thoracic esophageal carcinoma and 36.4 %,34.1%and 43.2 %for patients with lower thoracic esophageal carcinoma.No signifi- cant difference in cervical or thoracic metastatic rate was observed among upper,middle and lower thoracic carcinoma.The difference in lymph node metastatic rate for nodes in the abdominal cavity was significant among upper,middle and lower thoracic carcinoma. The lower thoracic esophageal cancers were more likely to metastasize to the abdominal cavity.Logistic-regression showed depth of tu- mor invasion and angiolymphatic invasion were factors influencing lymph node metastasis.Conclusion Cervical and mediastinal node dissection should be performed independently from tumor location.Abdominal node dissection should be conducted more vigorously for lower thoracic esophageal cancer than of other locations.Patients with greater tumor grade,depth of tumor invasion and angiolymphatic invasion were more prone to develop lymph node metastasis.

Objective To investigate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor/vcascular endothelial growth factor receptor(VEGF/VEGFR) in bone marrow of children with acute leukemia(AL),and explore their relationship of the clinical features,and observe changes before and after chemotheropy.Methods The bone marrows of 53 children with AL were assayed to study the expression of VEGF/VEGFR(KDR,Flt-1)before and after chemtheropy with S-P immhistochemical staining.Their relations to the clinical features were evaluated.Results The expressions of VEGF,Flt-1,KDR were significantly higher in newly diagnosed children with AL than those of control group.They were significantly higher in children with acute myeloid leukemia(AML) than in children with ALL.The expressions of VEGF,Flt-1,KDR in remission chidren after chemotheropy were significantly lower than before chemotheropy.There was a positive correlation of the percentage of bone marrow blasts with VEGF expression in children with AL.There was also a positive correlation of the percentage of leukemic cell in blood rountine with VEGF expression.For the untreated group of children,no correlation was found between expressions of VEGF,Flt-1,KDR and age,sex,extramedullary infiltration.Conclusions Expression levels of VEGF,Flt-1,KDR in bone marrow of children with AL increases.VEGF/VEGFR may play an important role in process of chidhood AL.

Objective To investigate the potential role of MCP-1/CCL2 in experimental acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) and complications. Methods 60 SD male rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: sham operation group ( n = 20 ), ANP group ( n = 20 ) and MCP-1 group ( n = 20 ). ANP model was induced by retrograde infusion of 3.5% sodium taurocholate, MCP-1 group received subcutaneous injection of MCP-1 antibody 0 h and 6 h after ANP induction. The serum levels of amylase, MCP-1, D-lactic acid,histological changes and the expression of MCP-1 mRNA of lung, small intestine and pancreas, the expression of MCP-1 protein in pancreas, MPO levels of small intestine MPO were determined. Results The serum levels of amylase, MCP-1, D-lactic acid in MCP-1 group at 12 h were (4666 ±412)U/L, (39.53 ±8.25)pg/ml and (6.3 ±2.2)mg/L, which were significantly lower than those in ANP group [ (9611 ±363)U/L, (63.42 ±9.32) pg/ml, (9.3 ± 2. 1 ) mg/L, P< 0.05 ) ]; the expression of MCP-1 mRNA in pancreas, small intestine and lung were 0.431 ± 0.009, 0. 211 ± 0.018 and 0.442 ± 0.017, which were significantly lower than those in ANP group [ (0.624 ±0. 010, 0. 523 ±0. 019 and 0. 569 ±0. 024, P <0.05) ]; the expression of MCP-1 protein in pancreas was 2.0 ± 0. 1, which was significantly lower than that in ANP group (4. 0 ± 0. 2, P <0.05). Lung and small intestine MPO were (11.1 ±3.0)U/g and ( 19.2 ±2.0)U/g, which were significantly lower than those in ANP group[(39.2±3.1)U/g and(13.1±2.1)U/g, P<0.05]. Conclusions Early blockade of MCP-1 not only attenuates the severity of ANP, but also decreases the degree of acute lung injury and intestine barrier dysfunction.

Objective To discuss the indication, technical points and long-term effects of endovascular embolization for non-functioning renal graft with detachable coils, and to get further evaluation of its practical value.Methods Monitored by DSA, endovascular embolization with detachable coils was performed on 11 patients with non-functioning renal graft.Results Renal arteries all had been successfully blocked in 11 cases.Good recovery without any complication was obtained.Conclusion Endovascular embolization for non-functioning renal graft with detachable coils is safe, minimally invasive and convenient, and can be used as an alternative to the resection of the renal grafts.