No abstract available.
Osteotomy*

No abstract available.
alpha-Fetoproteins* ; Chorion* ; Chorionic Gonadotropin* ; Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, First*

Bilateral carotid-cavernous fistula are much less frequent and these double lesions are considered as a puzzling therapeutic problem. A case of bilateral traumatic carotid-cavernous fistula was confirmed by bilateral carotid angiography and was managed by method of muscle piece embolization without complications. Neuro-ophthalmological deficits improved progressively except minor bruit. We reviewed bilateral carotid-cavernous fistula in the literatures and discussed the surgical method.
Angiography ; Fistula*

PURPOSE: To determine the factors predisposing to the intratumoral gas formation after TACE in the treatment of HCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 176 pathologically or clinically proven patients with HCC on whom CT scan had been performed in 2 weeks to 3months after TACE were reviewed. The patients were classified in two groups; intratumoral gas-forming group(n=18) and non-gas forming group(n=158). Chi-square (X2) test was applied to analyze the factors influencing to gas formation. The radiological factors studied were the morphologic type and location of HCC, presence or absence of tumor capsule on CT, the degree of tumor vascularities, presence or absence of portal vein thrombosis, presence or absence of arterioportal shunt, and TACE catheterization method on angiegraphic examination and the duration of post-TAE fever. RESULT: Intratumoral gas foramtion after TACE occurred significantly in tumors with peripheral location or capsule on CT tumors with less vascularity or peripheral arterioportal shunt on angiegraphic examination, and TACE with selective catheterization method(p<0.05). But the morphologic types of HCC and presence of main portal vein thrombosis were not significantly different between the two groups (p>0.05). The average duration of fever sustained after TACE was longer in gas-forming group than those in non-gas forming group (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: TACE of HCC with weak collaterals or with peripherd prevent recanalization from collaterals has tendency to intratumoral gas form-his and prolonged fever duration.
Catheterization ; Catheters ; Fever ; Humans ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Venous Thrombosis

Effects of ketamine on the cardiovascular system of tortoises was observed in this study. Ketamine elevated blood pressure and increased contractile performance and heart rate of the tortoise's auricle. The hypertensive effect of ketamine was abolished by treatment with hexametbonium or Regitine, while increment of heart rate due to ketamine was not affected by treatment of hexamethonjum, Inderal, or Regitine. In vitro experiments, ketamine increased contractile performance and heart rate of the auricle. These effects of ketamine were not affected by Regitine, Inderal,cocaine, or reserpine pretreatment. Synergism of ketamine and norepinephrine was also observed. Low bath temperature did not influence the effects of ketamine but high bath temperature inhibited the effects of the drug. In the electrically stimulated preparations, field stimulation did not affect the chronotropic and inotropic effects of ketamir, but direct stimulation abolished these effects of the drug. From the above results, it is possible to say that ketamine probably has dual actions on the cardiovascular system of tortoises, i, e., hypertensive action due to stimulation of sympathetic nervous system, and chronotropic and inotropic actions due to direct stimulation of cardiac muscle.
Baths ; Blood Pressure ; Cardiovascular System* ; Heart Rate ; In Vitro Techniques ; Ketamine* ; Myocardium ; Norepinephrine ; Phentolamine ; Propranolol ; Reserpine ; Sympathetic Nervous System

Administration of succinylcholine for intratracheal intubation may cause untoward reactions such as elevation of intraocular and intrabdominal pressure, increased plasma potassium level, and development of postoperative muscle pain, ets. The fasciculation of muscle fibers caused by nondepolarizing activity of succinylcholine may be responsible for those reactions, although this is not clearly defined. Several attempts ehterfore, have been made to minimize the development of muscle fasciculation following administration of succinylcholine. Of thest, self-taming of succinylcholine, pretreatment wit small doses of non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockers, or the use of hexafluorenium are examples. The authors observed the effects of succinylcholine on intraocular pressure and the degree of muscle fasciculation after self taming of succinylcholine. pretreating the patients with d-tubocurarine and pancuronlum before administration of succinylcholine was also studied. All three techniques showed significant decreases in the degree of muscle fasciculation. And small doses of d-tubocurarine and pancuronium did not seem to affect intraocular pressure, although a taming dose of succinylcholine itself caused significant increases in intraocular pressures.
Fasciculation ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Myalgia ; Neuromuscular Blockade ; Neuromuscular Blocking Agents ; Pancuronium ; Plasma ; Potassium ; Succinylcholine* ; Tubocurarine

The authors have noticed an error in publication of this paper.

PURPOSE: To analyze angiearchitecture of arteriovenous malformations(AV malformation) in order to clarify the angiegraphic risk factors for intracerebral hemorrhage and other nonhemorrhagic symptoms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty-five patients with angiegraphically-proved brain arteriovenous malformation were included in this study. Retrospective review of clinical history and angiography was done. Topographic analysis and evaluation of 17 angiearchitectural characteristics were conducted. RESULTS: Deep-seated and cortico-callosal type, small nidus size, intranidal pouch, one draining vein, deep venous drainage only venous stenosis and venous aneurysm were the most discriminating or predictive characteristics of hemorrhage in brain arteriovenous malformation. And those with large nidus size, dural supply and venous hypertension were correlated with nonhemorrhagic symptoms such as seizure, headache and neurologic deficit. CONCLUSION: Detailed analysis of the angiearchitecture of brain arteriovenous malformations is needed to identify the features that are correlated with prognostic implications for the treatment of patients with ^V malformations.
Aneurysm ; Angiography ; Arteriovenous Malformations* ; Brain* ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Drainage ; Headache ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Seizures ; Veins

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: There is growing interest in herbal medicines for managing age-related diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson’s. Safflower seeds (Carthamus tinctorius L. seeds, CTS) and dandelions (Taraxacum coreanum, TC) are widely used to treat bone- or inflammation-related diseases in Oriental countries. This study investigated the protective effect of the CTS–TC combination on scopolamine (Sco)-induced memory deficits through inflammatory response and cholinergic function. Moreover, marker components such as serotonin, N-(p-coumaroyl) serotonin, N-feruloylserotonin, chlorogenic acid, and chicoric acid in the CTS–TC combination were analyzed for their potential benefits on memory function.MATERIALS/METHODS: Water extracts of CTS, TC, and the CTS–TC combination at various ratios (4:1, 1:1, and 1:4) (100 mg/kg) were orally administered to mice for 14 days. Sco (1 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected into the mice before each behavioral test. T-maze and novel object recognition tests were conducted to monitor behavioral changes after the treatment.Western blotting was performed to detect protein expression. In addition, the presence of 5 biomarkers, serotonin, N-(p-coumaroyl) serotonin, N-feruloylserotonin, chlorogenic acid, and chicoric acid, was analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). RESULTS: Behavioral tests showed that the CTS–TC combination enhanced memory function in Sco-injected mice. Inflammation-related proteins (inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, and glial fibrillary acidic protein) were downregulated after treatment with the CTS–TC combination. The acetylcholinesterase protein expression was also downregulated.HPLC analysis revealed that N-feruloylserotonin and chicoric acid were the predominant components, followed by N-(p-coumaroyl) serotonin, chlorogenic acid, and serotonin. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the CTS–TC combination protects against Sco-induced memory deficits by inhibiting inflammatory responses and cholinergic dysfunction. N-feruloylserotonin and chicoric acid, along with N-(p-coumaroyl) serotonin, chlorogenic acid, and serotonin, might be biomarkers for the CTS–TC combination, and their effects on memory protection warrant further study.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: There is growing interest in herbal medicines for managing age-related diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson’s. Safflower seeds (Carthamus tinctorius L. seeds, CTS) and dandelions (Taraxacum coreanum, TC) are widely used to treat bone- or inflammation-related diseases in Oriental countries. This study investigated the protective effect of the CTS–TC combination on scopolamine (Sco)-induced memory deficits through inflammatory response and cholinergic function. Moreover, marker components such as serotonin, N-(p-coumaroyl) serotonin, N-feruloylserotonin, chlorogenic acid, and chicoric acid in the CTS–TC combination were analyzed for their potential benefits on memory function.MATERIALS/METHODS: Water extracts of CTS, TC, and the CTS–TC combination at various ratios (4:1, 1:1, and 1:4) (100 mg/kg) were orally administered to mice for 14 days. Sco (1 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected into the mice before each behavioral test. T-maze and novel object recognition tests were conducted to monitor behavioral changes after the treatment.Western blotting was performed to detect protein expression. In addition, the presence of 5 biomarkers, serotonin, N-(p-coumaroyl) serotonin, N-feruloylserotonin, chlorogenic acid, and chicoric acid, was analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). RESULTS: Behavioral tests showed that the CTS–TC combination enhanced memory function in Sco-injected mice. Inflammation-related proteins (inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, and glial fibrillary acidic protein) were downregulated after treatment with the CTS–TC combination. The acetylcholinesterase protein expression was also downregulated.HPLC analysis revealed that N-feruloylserotonin and chicoric acid were the predominant components, followed by N-(p-coumaroyl) serotonin, chlorogenic acid, and serotonin. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the CTS–TC combination protects against Sco-induced memory deficits by inhibiting inflammatory responses and cholinergic dysfunction. N-feruloylserotonin and chicoric acid, along with N-(p-coumaroyl) serotonin, chlorogenic acid, and serotonin, might be biomarkers for the CTS–TC combination, and their effects on memory protection warrant further study.