Breast malignant lymphoma refers to occur in the breast malignant tumor of the lymphoid tissue.Breast malignant lymphoma which belongs to outside of lymph tissue malignant tumor can be divided into two categories:one category is the secondary breast lymphoma (SBL),another kind is the primary malignant lymphoma of the breast (PBL).Because the rate of PBL was low and the difficulty of preoperative diagnosis,illness development is rapid and high malignant degree,we should improve the attention of clinicians.Based on the discussion of primary breast lymphoma pathological changes,histological types,clinical manifestations,this article focuses on the progress of diagnosis and treatment of the PBL.

Cell Differentiation ; Cell Proliferation ; Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; Estrogens ; Humans ; Stem Cells ; cytology

America medical education system has more important effect on our long-education program.Based on the analysis of the characters in medical education between China and America,several suggestions about obstetric and gynecological teaching have been brought up to accommodate the new tendency,as well as the culture of specialists in the future.

Objective:To isolate mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from mouse fetal liver and induce them differentiate into islet B-like cells. Methods:MSCs were isolated from C57BL/6J mouse fetal liver and were induced with high concentration of glucose, basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF) ,and nicotamine medium. The gene expressions related to islet B cells such as pancreatic duodenal homeobox-1 (PDX-1), proinsulin-1 (INS-1) ,and glucose transporter-2 (GLUT-2) were detected by RT-PCR. Insulin in the treated cells was examined by immunocytochemistry. The insulin clusters were stained with dithizone (DTZ), a zinc-chelating agent known to selectively stain pancreatic B cells. Results: RT-PCR showed that the treated cells expressed PDX-1, INS-1 and GLUT-2, while the undifferentiated cells did not. After approximately 10 d of treatment, the fetal liver cells formed DTZ-stained cell clusters in flasks (80-120 clusters in a flask 25 cm2 in area). Immunocytochemistry also confirmed that these aggregates were strongly positive for insulin. Conclusion: MSCs derived from fetal liver can be induced into islet B-like cells in vitro.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the application of the tragus cartilage in tympanoplasty. METHOD: Thirty-eight patients with tympanoplasty carried out tragus cartilage-perichondrium repairing tympanic membrane. The air-bone gap changes and the recovery of patients'tympanic membrane were evaluated at pre-operative and two months after the operation. RESULT: Thirty-one patients finishing follow-up visit showed tympanic membrane healed and looked like normal appearance in 1 to 3 months after the operation. The postoperation narrow of the air-bone gap >18 dB, tragus looked normal. CONCLUSION Tympanic membrane reconstruction using the tragus cartilage-perichondrium is feasible for tympanoplasty, and the survival rate and postoperative hearing would be acceptable.
Cartilage ; transplantation ; Ear Auricle ; Hearing ; Hearing Tests ; Humans ; Postoperative Period ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; Tympanic Membrane ; Tympanic Membrane Perforation ; Tympanoplasty ; methods

[Objective] To investigate the onset of steroid-induced necrosis of femoral head. [Methods] A retrospective study was carried out in 162 cases of kidney disease treated with steroid. Among them, 62 cases (Group A) was complicated with steroid-induced femoral head necrosis (FHN) and the others without the complication are in Group B. [Resuits] In 62 cases complicated with steroid-induced FHN, patients in the age of 20-30 accounted 93.5%; female accounted 54.8%; those with high weight index accounted 80.6% and patients complicated with blood-stasis syndrome accounted 90%; 51.6% suffered from lupus glomerulonephritis; 96.8% was given large dose of steroid (over 1 rag' kg~(-1)?d~(-1)) continuously over 2 months; 83.9% was given steroid in a total dosage of over 5000mg within one year; 54.9% has been given dexamethasone and 83.9% medicated intravenously; 67.7% has not given blood-activating stasis-removing herbal drugs (BSHD) combined with or without anticoagulation drugs (ACD). Ninety percent suffered from necrosis of bilateral hip joints and 67.7% from bilateral hip-joint disease; 68.8% suffered from FHN at the stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ. The above indexes differed from those without steroid-induced FHN. [Conclusion] The incidence of steroid -induced FHN in kidney disease is high in the female and in the cases of lupus glomerulonephritis: those who are in obesity, complicated with blood-stasis syndrome, given large-dose steroid (over 1mg?kg~(-1)?d~(-1)) continuously over 2 months or in a short term, or medicated with dexamethasone, have the high risk of steroid -induced FHN; bilateral hip-joint disease is in the majority. The combination of BSHD and ACD can decrease the incidence of steroid -induced FHN in kidney disease.

Objective To evaluate the ability of multi-slice spiral CT angiography(MSCTA)in showing the celiac trunk and its degree branches,and the value of MSCTA in preoperative evaluation of laparoscopic-assisted gastrectomy for advanced gastric carcinoma.Methods A total of 25 consecutive patients scheduled for laparoscopic-assisted gastrectomy with D2 lymph node dissection were evaluated by MSCT,CT angiography(CTA)were reconstructed separately using a volume rendering algorithm(VR).The space anatomy characteristics of celiac artery and its degree branches were evaluated according to the CTA results,and with anatomy information,laparoscopic-assisted gastrectomy with D2 lymph node dissection was processed with references to anatomy.Results In all the 25 cases,the left gastric artery and gastroduodenal artery were accurately identified on MSCTA.In 12 of them,the right gastric artery was accurately identified.The origin of the spleen artery is relatively constant.Laparoscopic-assisted gastrectomy with D2 lymph node dissection was successfully completed without conversion to open surgery in all the cases.The reconstructed celiac trunk and branches are identical with anatomy.Conclusions Three-dimensional CTA using MSCT clearly reveals the anatomy of celiac artery and their space structure.It plays an important role in guiding lymph node dissection during laparoscopic-assisted gastrectomy for advanced gastric carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE To summarize the use of intraoperative neuromonitoring system for monitoring and protection of recurrent laryngeal nerve during thyroid surgery. METHODS There were 21 cases in this study, included 5 cases with thyroid cancer, 9 cases with thyroid benign tumor and 7cases with hyperthyroidism. Intraoperative neuromonitoring system includes the host monitor, stimulus detection pin of recurrent laryngeal nerve, special EMG endotracheal intubation tube which contacts vocal cord, grounding conductive circuit electrode, and anti-jamming probe. Operation method: a "three-step method" was adopted. First we revealed the cervical vagus nerve trunk and tested our instruments, and then dissected and protected the recurrent laryngeal nerve, followed by removal of thyroid tissue. RESULTS In all 21 patients, operative side recurrent laryngeal nerve were exposed from lower thyroid blood vessels to the larynx. All patients were phonated as well as before operation, and without drinking cough. CONCLUSION The intraoperative neuromonitoring system can avoid damage of the recurrent laryngeal nerves when we exposed the recurrent laryngeal nerve before resection of the thyroid tissue and tumor.

Objective To investigate the changes of plasma vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and glucagon (Glu) in congestive heart failure and its clinical significance. Methods The levels of plasma VIP and Glu were measured with radioimmunoassay in 40 patients with congestive heart failure, including 15 patients with cardiac function in degree Ⅰ, 25 cases with cardiac function in degree ⅡⅣ, and 23 normal children who were served as controls. Results The levels of plasma VIP and Glu increased than that in normal control group[(43.22?5 48) ng/L vs(32.24?4.46) ng/L, P

Objective To study the effect of interleukin 2(IL-2)of clinical dose range,on the proliferation of human peripheral blood T cells,with special emphasis on the number and functional phenotype of γδT cells.Methods Human peripheral blood mononuelear cells(PBMCs)were isolated by density gradient centrifugation and cultured for 2 weeks at different IL-2 concentrations.Ratio and phenotype of different T cell subpopulations before and after in vitro expansion were explored by immunofluorescence staining.Cell number was estimated by trypan blue staining and cell counting.Results Within the four functional phenotypes of Vδ1 as well as Vδ2 γδT cells,CD27~+cells(including CD27~+CD45RA~+and CD27~+CD45RA~-subsets)expressed lymphoid tissue homing receptor CCR7,whereas CD27~-cells(including CD27~-CD45RA~+and CD27~-CD45RA~-subsets)had the peripheral tissue homing potential.All the studied γδT functional subsets showed the expression of activity related receptors,and the ability of a rapid production of various amount of cytotoxicity related effectors following mitogen stimulation.Although IL-2 at high concentration suppressed the proliferation of CD4 T cells,it may promote the proliferation of γδT cells.The proliferated γδT cells were mainly CD27~-CD45RA~-effector cells.Conclusion IL-2 of the clinical dose range may promote proliferation of human peripheral blood γδT cells,which might have important biological significance in IL-2 based anti-tumor therapy.