Objective To determine the timing of surgical treatment for pancreatic pseudocyst(PPC) secondary to severe acute pancreatitis(SAP). Methods Twenty-seven cases of PPC appearing 4-8 weeks after SAP were treated with internal drainage were included in group A.Of the 27 cases,10 received cystojejunostomy by stapler.In other 30 cases in group B,surgical procedures were performed 24 weeks after the formation of the cyst.Several parameters were compared between the 2 groups.Results The incidence of anastomotic leakage,average duration of hospitalization and mean fee for hospitalization were significantly lower in group A than in group B(P0.05).Emergency surgical treatments were performed in 5 patients in group B due to complications of introcystic hemorrhage(1 patients),introcystic infection(2 patients) and cystic rupture(2 patients).Conclusions Accurate diagnosis and early surgical treatments are effective and safe for treatment of PPC secondary to SAP.Meanwhile,they might be helpful for avoiding complications of introcystic infection,introcystic hemorrhage and cystic rupture.

Objective To explore the feasibility of right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) septal pacing. Methods Fifty-two patients implanted with pacemaker were randomly divided into two groups. One group underwent the RVOT septal pacing with active fixation electrodes (active fixation electrodes group, 22 cases),and the other group underwent the right ventricular apical pacing with passive fixation electrodes (passive fixation electrodes group, 30 cases). The parameters of two groups in operation were recorded. Results The successful rate of RVOT septal pacing was 100%, active fixation electrodes group took more time to plant electrodes and expose in X-ray than passive fixation electrodes group [ (56.13±1.18)min vs (15.42±1.24) min, (18.77±6.14) min vs (10.12±8.14) min, P<0.05]. The width of the QRS wave of active fixation electrodes group was narrower than that of passive fixation electrodes group [(0.14±0.02)ms vs (0.16±0.04) ms, P< 0.05]. The parameters of two groups were stable in follow-up period and none of electrodes was extracted. Conclusion The usage of active fixation electrodes in patients with RVOT septal pacing is feasible and safe.

BACKGROUND:Articular capsule ligaments can lead articular surface to move normally and limit the excessive movement, especially to prevent any non-physiological movement. They are the important structures for stabilizing hip joints. It was previously thought that articular capsule should be routinely resected in the total hip arthroplasty (THA). OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to investigate the effect of retaining articular capsule in THA through posterior approach on maintaining hip stability. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: This study, a retrospective case analysis, was performed on 61 patients with femoral neck fracture, who received treatment in the Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Second Hospital of Central South between January 2005 and December 2006. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-nine patients who underwent THA with retaining articular capsule from January to December 2006 were included as retaining group, and thirty-two patients who underwent THA with routine resection of partial articular capsule were included as routine group. The two groups were kept identical in case selection, prosthesis selection, post-surgery processing and operators. METHODS: Four holes were drilled on greater trochanter on the proximal femoral bone. The superior part of articular capsule valve was sutured to the superior part of original articular capsule using No.1-0 absorbing thread, then sutured to base of femoral neck in mattress manner, and the suture was not ligated. The inferior part of articular capsule valve was sutured to the inferior part of original articular capsule using another suture. And the suture passed through two bone holes on base of femoral neck. The lower limbs were externally rotated and the suture was ligated. Subsequently, the excised extortor was repaired. Prior to and subsequent to suture, hip was slowly bent for 90° and femur was internally rotated for45°to investigate the suture of articular capsule on strengthening articular stability. MAI OUTCOME MEASURES: Operation time, bleeding volume and hip dislocation after THA. RESULTS: The operation time and bleeding volume were lower in the retaining group than in the routine group (P < 0.05). After THA, hip dislocation did not occur in any patients in the retaining group but occur in 2 patients (6.2%) in the routine group. Statistical tests could not be performed due to less data, resulting in no statistical significance.CONCLUSION: There has been no precise conclusion about the effects of retaining articular capsule or not on hip stability.But retaining articular capsule shortens operation time, reduces intrao-perative bleeding, unable raise operation risk, and re-establishes hip soft tissue balance.

BACKGROUND:The incidence rate of cervical abnormalities of the patients with skeletal class Ⅱ and normal occlusion has been studied abroad, but the researches on the incidence of cervical abnormalities in different malocclusion patients is rare at home. OBJECTIVE:To observe the imaging of patients with cervical abnormalities and to statistics the incidence of cervical abnormalities in different malocclusion patients through analyzing the lateral cephalogram of different malocclusion patients. METHODS:Skeletal class Ⅱ group was consisted of 93 patients, 41 male (aged 18-40 years) and 52 female (aged 22-35 years), with the A point-nasion-B point angle>5°. Class Ⅰ group was consisted of 45 patients, 31 female (aged 20-36 years) and 14 male (aged 17-38 years), with the 1°

There are many associated genes,proteins and cytokines altering in the genesis and development of breast cancer.It is very important to detect these tumor markers for the diagnosis,therapy and prognosis prodicting of breast cancer.In recent years,following by molecular biology development,the detection items on associated genes and proteins of breast cancer have been carried out one after another,such as ER,PR,HER-2,p53 and so on.However,these detection contents are not identical by each other from different areas and hospitals,without unified standard.

After a description of the association of learning sciences with library and information science and the necessity to introduce learning sciences into library and information science , the role and profound influence of learning sciences in the development of modern library were summarized .

Objective To explorethe complication and its cause and treatment of pace markers implantation in older patients. Methods To analyze the complication in 103 older patients with pace markers implantation. Resuits 5 patients happened complication(4.8 % ), the common complications related to operation were blood effusion and he matoma formation in pocket 4 cases,pocket infection 1 case. Occurrence of blood effusion was related to aspirin administration. Conclusion The older patient with pace marders implantation is safe.

Objective:To study the effect of repeated transient ischemic attacks(TIAs)on cumulative injury of cognitive function.Methods:The cognitive condition of 42 patients with repeated TIAs were assessed after each TIA using the event related potential,modified version of Wisconsin card sorting test,trail making test,digit span task,and verbal fluency test.The cognitive condition was compared and analyzed after different attack times.Results:There were significant differences among the cognitive condition after different attack times,latency and amplitude of P300,and detection rate of mild cognitive impairment.With the increase of the attack times,cognitive impairment aggravated gradually,and the detection rate of mild cognitive impairment increased gradually.Conclusions:Repeated TIAs have cumulative injury on cognitive function.The prevention and treatment of cerebral ischemia may become an important approach in decreasing cognitive impairment.

Objective:To optimize the formula of nifedipine nanoemulsion (NFNE) to lay foundation for the development of nifedipine transdermal preparation.Methods:The content of nifedipine as the index,the compositions in the formula were screened out by single factor experiments,and then the formula of NFNE was optimized by orthogonal tests with the ratio of emulsifier to co-emulsifier,ratio of mixed emulsifiers to oil phase and the amount of water as the influencing factors.N-Trimethyl chitosan (TMC) was used as the transdermal enhancer.The formula of TMC-NFNE was optimized by orthogonal tests with the degree of quaternization of TMC,the concentration of TMC solution and the amount of TMC solution as the influencing factors.The quality evaluation of TMC-NFME was determined including appearance,type identification,particle size and drug content.Results:The optimal formula was as follows:7% ethyl oleate,32% Tween 80,16% alcohol,45%water and the mass ratio of TMC of 0.45%.The type of the emulsion was O/W.The content of NFNE,TMC20-NFNE,TMC40-NFNE and TMC60-NFNE was (12.76±0.22),(14.76±0.16),(12.26±0.18) and (12.92±0.27) mg·ml-1,respectively.The particle size was 13.62,17.10,16.26 and 17.25 nm,respectively.The morphology of the nanoemulsion was spherical.Conclusion:The optimal formula and preparation process of TMC-NFNE are simple with high drug content,which is worthy of further studies.

ABSTRACT:Norovirus infection in human and animals can cause acute viral gastroenteritis .With molecular biology ,cell culture and animal models of development ,the different groups of norovirus genome sequenced ,the virus capsid protein ex‐pressed in vitro in eukaryotic ,prokaryotic and plant systems ,and thus the characteristics of the virus with some new under‐standing and perspective .Recently ,an increasing number of studies were focused on the norovirus and related topics along with the research progress all around the world .Here we systematically expound the latest advances in norovirus research from dif‐ferent aspects ,such as genome structure and function ,cell culture ,tissue tropism ,epidemiology ,virus infection mechanism , detection methods and vaccine development .Furthermore ,different viewpoints for norovirus molecular evolution ,detection technology and transmission route will be discussed as well .