Repair of articular cartilage injury has always been a focus of medical study and sports injury study.With the application and development of molecular biotechnology,the role of growth factor has become more and more important in articular cartilage injury.This paper analyzes the difficulties in repairing articular cartilage injury.discusses the effect of transforming growth factor β1 and bone morphogenetic protein-2 on it as well as the mechanism under its repainng,and summanzes the existing problems.it can provide important data for future research.

OBJECTIVE:To elucidate the role of transforming growth factor-β and bone morphogenetic protein-7 in the reparation of knee cartilage by summarizing related studies,which can provide an important reference for further clinical applications.DATA SOURCES:The science online,ElsecierSD databases,Springer Link electronic joumals nets(1991-01/2009-06)was searched using key words of"Articular Cartilage Defects,Transforming Growth Factor-β,Bone Morphogenic Protein-7";simultaneously,the CNKI,Wanfang database,Tsinghua Tong Fang database(1991-01/2009-06)was searched with the same Chinese key words.Literature search was limited to English and Chinese languages.DATA SELECTION:Literature addressing repairing articular cartilage damage with growth factors was included,and the repeated papers were excluded.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:①Frecture healing.②Osteocyte proliferation.③Capacity of chonddfication.RESULTS:Received 95 computers seized in early literature,according to inclusion exclusion criteria,literature underlying growth factor,in particular the growth factor transforming growth factor-β and bone morphogenetic protein-7 in repaidng knee cartilagedamage was analyzed.Articular cartilage injury,with poor repair capacity,is more common in athletes.As soon as a permanent injury that generates lesions,it is difficult to treat by traditional treatment methods,which need to be solved in sports medicine.Transforming growth factor-β,an important factor regulating the formation of cartilage,stimulates or inhibits a variety of cells.By increasing the sensitivity of chondrocytes,transforming growth factor-β plays a central role in the process of repairing osteoarthdtis cartilage injury,regulates in vitro protein synthesis,but also affect on the induction of specific granulation tissues.Bone morphogenetic protein-7 can induces cartilage-specific collagen and mucin production by mesenchymal and wound areas,which has promotive effect on cartilage reparation.CONCLUSION:Transforming growth factor-β or bone morphogenetic protein-7 has certain effect on knee cartilage injury;however,whether the combination of them can promote reparation of articular cartilage injury needs to be explored.

Objective To investigate the effects of Pulsatilla saponin D and sorafenib on the metastasis of human hepa?toma cell line. Methods The human hepatoma cell line BEL-7402 cells were divided into Pulsatilla saponin D group (con?centration of 11.9 mg/L), sorafenib group (concentration of 2.15μmol/L), the combined group (Pulsatilla saponin D 11.9 mg/L+Sorafenib 2.15μmol/L) and the control group (ordinary broth). The inhibition effects of Pulsatilla saponin D and sorafenib monotherapy and combination therapy on BEL-7402 cell migration were detected by MTT assay, Transwell chamber experi?ment and cell scratch experiment. Western blot assay was used to detect the expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 gene protein. Results MTT assay showed that Pulsatilla saponin D (11.9 mg/L), sorafenib (2.15μmol/L) monotherapy and combination therapy had inhibitory effects on BEL-7402 cell proliferation, and the 24-h inhibi?tion rate was<15%. Results of Transwell chamber experiment and cell scratch test showed that the migration inhibitory rate was significantly higher in combination group than that of monotherapy group (P<0.01). The combined effect of madicine was the addition (0.85≤Q≤1.15). Western blot detection showed that there was a higher effect of down-regulation on MMP-2 and MMP-9 in combined group than that of monotherapy group. Conclusion Pulsatilla saponin D and sorafenib synergis?tically inhibit the metastasis of BEL-7402 cells. The joint effects are superior to monotherapy.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant tumor of plasma cells that remains incurable.More attentions have been lately directed to the immunotherapy,which has proven benefits in eradicating minimal residual disease of MM,reducing relapse and improving patients' overall survival.Mucin 1 (MUC1) is a tumor associated antigen of MM,and has attracted increasing interest as a potential target for MM immunotherapy.In addition,MUC1-based vaccines have quickly entered human clinical trials,and some promising responses have been reported.Here,an up-to-date review of MUC1-based immunotherapy of MM is given.

Orexins are a class of important hypothalamic neuropeptides,including type A and B. Orexins are associated w ith numerous physiological functions, including sleep-aw akening, energy balance, endocrine and visceral functions, and they also have certain relations w ith the pathophysiological changes, such as drow siness and drug abuse. In recent years, the pathophysiological role and mechanism, as w el as the clinical significance of orexins in cerebrovascular diseases are causing concern. This article summarizes the roles of orexins and focuses on the roles of orexin A in cerebrovascular diseases.

Objective To determine the incidence of thrombogenic events during the prostate operation period in patients discontinuing aspirin.Methods Among a retrospective cohort of 342 patients admitted in our institution for benign prostatic hyperplasia (or prostate cancer),combined with acute coronary syndrome (or stroke),we studied 4 patients who had not been taking aspirin before thrombogenic vascular event.Data on age,sex,vascular disease risk factors,and clinical outcome were collected.Results The 4 patients' mean age was 78.8±5.9 years.Each patient had at least two following risk factors:atrial fibrillation,old cerebral infarction and type 2 diabetes.80％ patients had a clinical history of hypertension.2 of the 4 patients stopped aspirin before a surgical procedure and developed acute ischemic stroke and acute myocardial infarction,separately.The other two patients developed acute ischemic stroke without aspirin prescription.The median time between admission and thrombogenic events was 15.5± 10.5 days.All patients were not given finasteride on admission.Conclusions This study should alert clinicians to know the risk of aspirin withdrawl perioperatively in patients at high risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

The metabolic syndrome leading to cerebrovascular disease attracts more and more attention by the medical circle,and its exact nosogenesis is not clear.There is no effective therapeutic method for this disease either.The author believes phlegm and blood stasis being the key factors for metaboric syndrome.Clinically,the author got good effects by treating the disease according to the different nosogenesis and stages of disease.

OBJECTIVEThis study was conducted to investigate the correlation between anemia and postoperative chemotherapy in elderly cancer patients.

METHODSOne hundred and fifty-seven elderly patients ( age ≥ 60) with pathologically confirmed breast, lung and digestive tract cancers, who had HGB ≥ 120 g/L and ECOG scores 0-2, were included in this study. We reviewed their clinicopathological data and analyzed the correlation of anemia in breast cancer patients after 1, 3 or 5 cycles and lung cancer patients after 1, 2 or 3 cycles of postoperative chemotherapy.

RESULTSAmong the 157 cases, the overall proportion of anemia was 31.8% (50/157) , with 18.8% in male and 47.2% in female patients (P < 0.001). After three cycles of chemotherapy, the proportion of anemia was 57.9% in lung cancer, 34.5% in breast cancer, 26.3% in gastric cancer and 9.3% in colorectal cancer patients (P < 0.001). The proportion of anemia during 5 cycles chemotherapy (three cycles in lung cancer) was gradually increasing. In the lung cancer patients, anemia was observed in 66.7% of patients who received vinorelbine plus cispiatin regimen and 25.0% of cases who received vinorelbine regimen chemotherapy (P = 0.044).

CONCLUSIONSIn most elderly patients with normal hemoglobin level and in good conditions, the chemotherapy-related anemia is mild and less frequent. Age should not limit the adjuvant chemotherapy in elderly cancer patients. Attention should be paid to the possibility of anemia in elderly female lung cancer patients receiving multiple cycle platinum-based chemotherapy regimens.

Aged ; Anemia ; chemically induced ; epidemiology ; Antineoplastic Agents ; adverse effects ; Breast Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Cisplatin ; adverse effects ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Stomach Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Vinblastine ; adverse effects ; analogs & derivatives

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; history ; China ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Medicine in Literature

Objective To observe the expression changes of microRNA-124(miRNA-124) following traumatic brain injury (TBI) in mice and investigate the correlation of miRNA-124 with neural axon regeneration.Methods Ninety-one C57BL/6 mice were assigned into TBI group (n =63) and control group (n =28) according to the random number table.Mice in TBI group were subjected to controlled cortical impact and euthanized at 12 hours and 1,3,7,14,21,28 days postinjury for the collection of brain tissue in the trauma zone.Mice in control group underwent craniectomy only.Trauma zone observation was done using the HE staining.Expression of miRNA-124 was detected using the real-time PCR.Levels of Nrp-1,Gap-43 and Tau were detected using the Western blot and immunohistochemical staining.Results After injtury,study of mice behavior and HE staining indicated the establishment of experimental model was successful.Expression of miRNA-124 reached the peak at 3 days postinjury (3.80 ± 0.22),expression of Nrp-1 reached the peak at 7 days postinjury (2.006 ±0.179),expression of Tau reached the peak at 14 days postinjury (2.063 ±0.172),and expression of Gap-43 sustained high level since 12 hours after injury(1.355 ± 0.093) (P ＜ 0.05).Count of axon marker positive cells in TBI group was the lowest at 1 day postinjury due to the direct damage and edema,and then slowly recovered.There was no significant difference in the count of axon marker positive cells between the two groups at 14,21 and 28 days postinjury (P ＞ 0.05),but the morphology in TBI group changed obviously.Although the positive cells of axon marker decreased at 1 day postinjury,expressions of miRNA-124,Nrp-1,Tau and Gap-43 in TBI group were significantly increased compared to the detections in control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Increased expression of miRNA-124 in trauma zone may closely related to axon regeneration after TBI in mice.