Objective To evaluate the prognostic factors affecting postoperative recurrence and progression in patients with superficial bladder transitional cell carcinoma(SBTCC). Methods From 2000 to 2004,150 patients with SBTCC were treated, of which 120 patients were followed up. The possible prognostic factors including clinical and pathological figures were analyzed by Cox's proportional hazard model in these patients. Results The mean fol-low-up period was 84.7 months. The recurrence rates at 3-year,5-year were 27.5% and 36.7% respectively. The main variables affecting recurrence were histological grades,tumor stage,tumor number and recurring tumor,and the first three were the independent risk factors. The progression rotes at 3-year,5-year were 9. 2% and 17.5%. The main variables affecting progression were histological grade,tumor stage, tumor number and recurring tumor, and the first one was the independent risk factor. Conclusion The main variables affecting progression were histological grade, tumor stage,tumor number and recurring tumor,and the first one were the independent risk factor.

Objective To investigate the features and risk factors associated with lymph node metastasis in colorectal neuroendocrine neoplasm.Methods Clinical and pathological data of 99 patients with colorectal neuroendocrine neoplasm treated between January 2009 to January 2015 were analyzed retrospectively.Comparisons of categorical data and univariate analysis of risk factors of lymph node metastasis were conducted.Results Of the 99 patients,the rate of regional lymph node metastasis was 30.3％ (30/99)with 56.7％ limited to para-intestinal lymph nodes in 17 cases,26.7％ limited to mesenteric lymph nodes in 8 cases,and 16.7％ limited to mesenteric root central lymph nodes in 5 cases.No metastasis exceeding central lymph nodes was observed.Multivariate regression analysis revealed that tumor size,invasion of lymphatic vessel and pathological grading were independent risk factors for lymph node metastasis in colorectal neuroendocrine neoplasm (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Colorectal neuroendocrine neoplasm with larger tumor size,invasion of lymphatic vessel or higher grade (G2,G3) has high risk of regional lymph node metastasis.

Rat islets encapsulated in the immuno-isolated membrane were transplanted intraperitpneally into eleven streptozoto-cin induced diabetic mice. The effective rate was 91% while all were rejected in the non-encapsulated xenograft group. Four mice showed complete remission, and the longest normoglycemic period in those mice was 360 days. The pathological changes of islets in the long-term successful xenograft group were studied and atrophy was found. It proved that the immuno-isolated membrane can resist rejection during xenotransplantation.

The amount of the research-oriented graduates is increasing in affiliated hospitals of medical universities.To create an effective training model can not only help students to succeed but also contribute great to the research level of hospitals.In this study,we summarized our experience,such as individualized teaching,the unity of thinking and performing,words and deeds as well as unity of clinic and research on the formation of research ideas,attitudes and styles.Based on our experiences we hope to provide meaningful methods for the training of medical graduates.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the change of extracellular matrix (ECM) in diabetic rat lungs.MethodsUsing special staining,immunohistochemical method and imaging analysis,the changes of distribution,area,integral optial density and relative contents of lung ECM in diabetic rats were studied.ResultsThe distributions of elastic fibres,collagenic fibres and reticular fibres increased and roughened.The type Ⅳ collagen strong staining was localized in alveolar septum,the basement membranes of bronchiole and capillary,and distributed in cordal,plexiform.Laminin was strong stained and found in alveolar septum,epithelial cells of alveolar,and the basement membranes of bronchiole and pulmonary vessels in cordal and linear distribution.Image analysis showed the area,integral optical density and relative contents of elastic fibres,collagenic fibres,reticular fibres,type Ⅳ collagen and laminin were larger in diabetic rat lungs than in control groups.ConclusionThese results showed that the changes of ECM in early diabetic rat lungs were abnormal.

BACKGROUND: Anterior decompression and internal fixation for treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy has been widely accepted. However, there are few clinical case reports regarding this.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the curative efficacy of anterior cervical decompression combined with bone grafting and titanium plate internal fixation in treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy.METHODS: A total of 118 patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy who underwent anterior cervical subtotal vertebrectomy,iliac bone grafting (or bone grafting with titanium cage) and anterior locking titanium plate internal fixation at the Department of Orthopedics, Huang Gang Central Hospital of Hubei Province between January 2001 and August 2007 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the X-ray photographs taken before, immediately after surgery and during postoperative follow-up periods,Cobb's angle, anterior vertebral height and posterior vertebral height of fused segments. Bone graft fusion was evaluated.Neurological function was assessed according to Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores.RESULTS: During the follow-up period (6-32 months, mean 19 months), three patients presented with slight titanium mesh sinking, and no fragmentation or loosening during internal fixation was observed in all patients, with a final bone fusion rate of 100％. JOA scores obtained immediately after surgery and during last follow-up were significantly greater compared with those obtained prior to surgery (P ＜ 0.05). The excellent and good rate of neurological function recovery during the last follow-up was 86.2％. After surgery, sagittal Cobb's angle, anterior and posterior vertebral heights of fused segments were significantly improved(P ＜ 0.05). These findings indicate that anterior cervical subtotal decompression combined with bone grafting and titanium plateinternal fixation for treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy can thoroughly decompress, effectively correct cervical vertebrae malformation, and achieve stable bone fusion and reconstruction, with satisfactory clinical efficacy.

?Corneal collagen cross-linking ( CXL ) could increase the mechanical strength, biological stability and halt ectasia progression due to covalent bond formed by photochemical reaction between ultraviolet - A and emulsion of riboflavin between collagen fibers in corneal stroma. Corneal melting is an autoimmune related noninfectious corneal ulcer. The mechanism of corneal melting, major treatment, the basic fundamental of ultraviolet- A riboflavin induced CXL and the clinical researches status and experiment in CXL were summarized in the study.

Objective To determine risk factors and treatments of capillary leak syndrome (CLS) in infants with congenital heart disease(CHD)after extracorporeal bypass (GBP) . Method A retrospective study of 38 infants with CIS and another 150 cases without CLS of a random choice who underwent extracoiporeal bypass from June 2003 to July 2007 was carried out.Several risk factors with statistical significance were screened out with uni-varite logistic regression analysis, and the independent rask factors of CLS were determined with inultivariate step-wise logistic regression analysis. The outcome of CIS infants was compared with infants of control group. Results Logistic analysis showed the risk factors of CLS were the duration of GBP ( OR = 10. 353) , type of CHD ( OR = 6. 912), age ( OR = 6. 254) and temperature of CBP ( OR = 4. 151) . Of the CLS infants cohort, 10 cases underwent peritoneal dialysis and 4 cases died. Conclusions The risk factors of CLS in infants after CBP are the length of time consumed during CBP, type of CHD, age and temperature of CBP.

OBJECTIVE: Although the therapeutic method of stroke is progressed very quickly in recent years, the incidence of its post-depression is up to 40%. Poststroke depression many affect neural function recovery, for which, to understand it is advantageous of improving living quality of stroke patients.DATA SOURCE: The literatures relevant to poststroke depression were looked up from China medical nuclear journals and studies at home and abroad in recent 5 years on www.google.com, Medline. The Retrieval words: stroke, depression, incidence, relevant factors.STUDY SELECTION: Totally 42 relevant papers were selected on experimental and clinical studies on poststroke depression. The original literatures of non-randomized study were excluded and those of nonblind study were not excluded.DATA EXTRACTION: Of 42 papers, 10 papers were deleted because of repetition of various degrees and 32 papers were sorted out in category and 10 of those were selected as reference.DATA SYNTHESIS: The incidence of poststroke depression is about 40%, resulting from the co-factors of society, psychology and biology.It is viewed generally that the high risk phase of depression is in a couple of year after stroke and the duration of poststroke depression is various. The severity of neural functional deficits in recovery phase is affected by poststroke depression. Moderate and severe depression may delay the recovery of neural function and poststroke depression can also result in poor recovery of daily living capacity of patients, affect patients' cognition and increase the incidence of dementia. Concerning to clinical observation, a remarkable progression has been achieved on treatment of poststroke depression.CONCLUSION: The incidence of poststroke depression is very high,associated with multiple factors. Poststroke depression influences harmfully on neural function, cognition and daily living capacity. Active intervention and treatment provide a certain action on reducing the incidence of poststroke depression.

OBJECTIVE： Evaluating clinical efficacy of ceftriaxone in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections METHODS： Applying meta－ analysis to evaluation of clinical efficacy of ceftriaxone， cefotaxime and cefuroxime in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections RESULTS ＆ CONCLUSION： Ceftriaxone is worthy of popularization and application in clinical practice because of its better efficacy and lower cost