According to the Qi-blood-body fluid theory and the association between the spleen in visceral manifestation theory of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and mitochondria in modern cellular biology， it is proposed that the role of the spleen in generating and transforming Qi and blood is analogous to the energy-producing function of mitochondria—both serving as fundamental power sources for vital activities of the human body. The spleen governs transportation and transformation， playing a critical role in energy metabolism and the digestion and absorption of nutrients. Similarly， mitochondria are vital for maintaining physiological functions such as cellular energy supply， cell survival， and overall human metabolism. Furthermore， spleen deficiency is closely linked to mitochondrial dysfunction. Accordingly， mitochondrial energy conversion and substance metabolism are regarded as the microscopic essence of the spleen's function in transportation and transformation. Spleen deficiency and mitochondrial dysfunction contribute to the formation of pathological products such as phlegm-turbidity and blood stasis. This aligns with the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD）， with Qi deficiency as the root cause and phlegm-turbidity and blood stasis as the manifestations. Therefore， the integrative treatment of COPD should follow the therapeutic principle of invigorating the spleen and reinforcing healthy Qi， while also resolving phlegm and removing blood stasis to address both root cause and manifestations. This approach can improve the mitochondrial function， regulate energy metabolism， and reduce oxidative stress levels to alleviate COPD symptoms， slow down disease progression， and improve prognosis. By integrating the holistic concept of TCM with molecular mechanisms of modern medicine， this paper explores the pathogenesis and therapeutic principles of COPD from the spleen-mitochondria correlation. It not only provides a new direction for the modern development of TCM and the integration of Chinese and Western medicine but also offers a theoretical foundation for the integrated treatment of chronic， complex age-related diseases.

According to the Qi-blood-body fluid theory and the association between the spleen in visceral manifestation theory of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and mitochondria in modern cellular biology， it is proposed that the role of the spleen in generating and transforming Qi and blood is analogous to the energy-producing function of mitochondria—both serving as fundamental power sources for vital activities of the human body. The spleen governs transportation and transformation， playing a critical role in energy metabolism and the digestion and absorption of nutrients. Similarly， mitochondria are vital for maintaining physiological functions such as cellular energy supply， cell survival， and overall human metabolism. Furthermore， spleen deficiency is closely linked to mitochondrial dysfunction. Accordingly， mitochondrial energy conversion and substance metabolism are regarded as the microscopic essence of the spleen's function in transportation and transformation. Spleen deficiency and mitochondrial dysfunction contribute to the formation of pathological products such as phlegm-turbidity and blood stasis. This aligns with the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD）， with Qi deficiency as the root cause and phlegm-turbidity and blood stasis as the manifestations. Therefore， the integrative treatment of COPD should follow the therapeutic principle of invigorating the spleen and reinforcing healthy Qi， while also resolving phlegm and removing blood stasis to address both root cause and manifestations. This approach can improve the mitochondrial function， regulate energy metabolism， and reduce oxidative stress levels to alleviate COPD symptoms， slow down disease progression， and improve prognosis. By integrating the holistic concept of TCM with molecular mechanisms of modern medicine， this paper explores the pathogenesis and therapeutic principles of COPD from the spleen-mitochondria correlation. It not only provides a new direction for the modern development of TCM and the integration of Chinese and Western medicine but also offers a theoretical foundation for the integrated treatment of chronic， complex age-related diseases.

The Chinese Pharmacopoeia is the legal technical standard which should be followed during the research, production, use, and administration of drugs. At present, the new edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia is planned to be promulgated and implemented. This article summarizes and analyzes the main characteristics and the content of updates and amendments of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2025 Edition(Volume Ⅰ), to provide a reference for the correct understanding and accurate implementation the new edition of the pharmacopoeia.

Objective To design an intelligent airborne soldier physical training system based on human body composition analysis to solve the problems in diversity of training mode,targeted training plan and high incidence of military training-related injuries.Methods The intelligent airborne military physical training system was designed with B/S architecture and developed with Python language,which was composed of four functional modules for airborne soldier information acquisition,trainee physical fitness state assessment,physical fitness training program recommendation and airborne soldier physical fitness training program evaluation.The airborne soldier information acquisition module collected and analyzed the trainee physiological parameter information with a human body composition analyzer,clarified the parameter characteristics related to physical training with considerations on military physical training requirements and constructed a trainee physical fitness assessment parameter model;the trainee physical fitness state assessment module established an evaluation model based on machine learning to realize stage-by-stage physical fitness evaluation for airborne soldiers;the physical fitness training program recommendation module was constructed based on the physical training feature similarity algorithm and graph embedding theory to provide decision making assistance for program development of airborne military physical training;the airborne soldier physical fitness training program evaluation module compared the physical fitness and evaluation results before and after training by means of list and chart,and updated the training program based on the evaluation results by calling the physical training program recommendation module.Results The intelligent airborne soldier physical training system contributed to forming an individualized physical fitness training recommendation mechanism after trainee body evaluation,modifying training program based on comparison and feedback for stage-by-stage training evaluation,so as to decrease the incidence of military training-related injuries while increasing the training efficiency.Conclusion The system developed improves airborne soldier physical training in rationality and reliability,and provides references for intelligent military training of the PLA.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(2):16-23]

Objective:To investigate anti-inflammatory effects of celastrol as pulp capping agent on experimental pulpitis in rats and to explore its mechanism.Methods:Rat model of experimental pulpitis was established by lipopolysaccharide(LPS).A total of 28 rats were randomly divided into 4 groups(model group,calcium hydroxide group,celastrol group,drug mixture group).After 5 days,the rats were sacrificed and the maxillary and molar specimens were obtained.Pathological changes of pulp tissue were observed by HE staining,as well as the inflammation level was evaluated by a modified histological scoring system.Relative mRNA expression levels of TNF-α and IL-β in dental pulp were detected by qRT-PCR.Western blot was used to assess phosphorylation level of NF-κB p65 in dental pulp.Results:Histological scores of celastrol group and drug mixture group were significantly lower than those of model group and calcium hydroxide group(P<0.01),while there was no significant statistical differences between celastrol group and drug mixture group(P>0.05).Compared with model group,levels of TNF-α and IL-1β mRNA in pulp tissue of calcium hydroxide group,celastrol group and drug mixture group were decreased(P<0.05).Western blot showed that treatment of celastrol and mixed drugs could considerably reduce phosphorylation level of NF-κB p65 in rat pulp tissue.Conclusion:Celastrol can relieve experimental pulpitis in rats,and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of NF-κB p65 activation and reduce the expressions of TNF-α and IL-1β.

The aim of this study is to explore the immunogenicity of African swine fever virus p37 recombinant protein in mice.C57BL/6J mice were immunized subcutaneously in the abdomen using p37 recombinant protein as antigen.The second immunization was performed 21 d after the first immunization.Serum-specific antibody levels were detected by ELISA;serum cytokine levels were detected using a multifactor assay technique;mice splenic lymphocytes were isolated 7 d after sec-ondary immunization,and the number of splenic lymphocytes secreting IFN-γ after recombinant protein stimulation was detected by ELISpot;and the ratio of CD4+T cells to CD8+T cells was detected by flow cytometry.The results of indirect ELISA showed that p37 recombinant protein could stimulate mice to produce high levels of specific antibodies;ELISpot showed that p37 recom-binant protein could significantly stimulate splenic lymphocytes to produce IFN-γ(P＜0.001)and activate cellular immune responses;the results of flow cytometry showed that it could signifi-cantly stimulate the differentiation of T-lymphocytes to CD4+T-lymphocytes(P＜0.001).In ad-dition,serum levels of IL-2,IL-4,IFN-γ,and TNF-α immune-related cytokines were significantly higher after the second immunization.Immunization of mice with p37 recombinant protein induced strong humoral and cellular immune responses with good immunogenicity,providing reference for the subsequent epitope identification and functional study of p37 protein and the antigen screening of ASF mRNA vaccine.

Objective:To investigate genetic findings and pregnancy outcomes in fetuses with omphalocele.Methods:This retrospective study analyzed data from 502 fetuses with prenatally diagnosed omphalocele who underwent genetic testing at Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center and Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region between January 2014 and March 2024. Testing methods included karyotyping, chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA), methylation-specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification, and whole-exome sequencing (WES). Cases were categorized as non-isolated ( n=340) or isolated ( n=162) based on ultrasound findings. Differences in genetic abnormality detection rates and pregnancy outcomes were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U test, independent samples t-test, and Chi-square test (or Fisher's exact test). Results:Among 502 fetuses, karyotyping plus CMA detected chromosomal abnormalities in 223 cases (44.4%, 223/502), including trisomy 18 (57.0%, 127/223) and trisomy 13 (23.3%, 52/223). CMA additionally identified nine pathogenic copy number variations (1.8%, 9/502) and five uniparental disomies (1.0%, 5/502), increasing the total diagnostic yield from 44.4% to 47.2%. The genetic abnormality rate was significantly lower in isolated (14.8%, 24/162) versus non-isolated omphalocele (64.7%, 220/340) ( χ2=109.34, P<0.001). WES detected variants in nine of 16 karyotype/CMA-negative cases, including five pathogenic variants involving PIK3CA and CDKN1C. Eight imprinting disorders (1.6%, 8/502) were identified, including five Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome cases. Among 499 cases with follow-up, 401 (80.4%, 401/499) underwent pregnancy termination. Live birth rate was higher in isolated versus non-isolated groups [42.5% (69/162) vs. 8.5% (29/340), χ2=77.67, P<0.001]. Three cases were lost to follow-up. The one-year survival rate was 93.9% (92/98) in live-born infants. Conclusion:Aneuploidy (particularly trisomy 18) is the primary genetic etiology of omphalocele. CMA and WES significantly improve diagnostic yield. Isolated omphalocele has a more favorable prognosis, while non-isolated cases show significantly higher genetic abnormality rates. A stratified testing strategy is recommended: karyotyping plus CMA for isolated cases and prioritization of WES for multiple anomalies.

Objective To design an intelligent airborne soldier physical training system based on human body composition analysis to solve the problems in diversity of training mode,targeted training plan and high incidence of military training-related injuries.Methods The intelligent airborne military physical training system was designed with B/S architecture and developed with Python language,which was composed of four functional modules for airborne soldier information acquisition,trainee physical fitness state assessment,physical fitness training program recommendation and airborne soldier physical fitness training program evaluation.The airborne soldier information acquisition module collected and analyzed the trainee physiological parameter information with a human body composition analyzer,clarified the parameter characteristics related to physical training with considerations on military physical training requirements and constructed a trainee physical fitness assessment parameter model;the trainee physical fitness state assessment module established an evaluation model based on machine learning to realize stage-by-stage physical fitness evaluation for airborne soldiers;the physical fitness training program recommendation module was constructed based on the physical training feature similarity algorithm and graph embedding theory to provide decision making assistance for program development of airborne military physical training;the airborne soldier physical fitness training program evaluation module compared the physical fitness and evaluation results before and after training by means of list and chart,and updated the training program based on the evaluation results by calling the physical training program recommendation module.Results The intelligent airborne soldier physical training system contributed to forming an individualized physical fitness training recommendation mechanism after trainee body evaluation,modifying training program based on comparison and feedback for stage-by-stage training evaluation,so as to decrease the incidence of military training-related injuries while increasing the training efficiency.Conclusion The system developed improves airborne soldier physical training in rationality and reliability,and provides references for intelligent military training of the PLA.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(2):16-23]

Objective:This study aimed to evaluate whether intra-articular delivery of conditioned medium(CM)derived from stem cells of human exfoliated deciduous teeth(SHED)could influence the progression of condylar cartilage degeneration in a rat model of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis(TMJ OA).Methods:Sixty 8-week-old male SD rats were randomly divided into control group(CON group),intraarticular injection of MIA induced TMJ OA model group(MIA group),and injection of SHED condi-tioned medium 1 week after MIA modeling for treatment group(SHED-CM group),with 20 animals in each group.Histological sec-tions,HE,Safranine O-solid green staining,Col Ⅱ immunohistochemical staining,and TUNEL staining were performed 2 and 4 weeks after the start of treatment.Western blotting and RT-qPCR were used to detect the key molecules of apoptosis,cleaved-CASP3,BAX and BCL2,pro-inflammatory related factors IL-1β,IL-6,TNFα,MMP3,ADAMTS5,and the MAPK pathway-related molecules p-ERK,ERK,p-P38 and P38.Results:Compared with the CON group and SHED-CM group,the condyle chondrocytes in the MIA group had disordered arrange-ment,interrupted layers,significantly thickened fibrous layers(P＜0.001),and significantly increased Mankin's OA histological score(P＜0.001).In the MIA group,both the Safranin O-positive area ratio and the proportion of ColⅡ-positive regions were markedly reduced compared with the CON and SHED-CM groups(P＜0.001).Conversely,the proportion of TUNEL-positive cells was substantially higher than in the other two groups(both P＜0.001).Western blot analysis further demonstrated that apoptotic markers(cleaved-CASP3,BAX/BCL2)and MAPK pathway-related proteins(p-ERK,ERK,p-P38,P38)were expressed at significantly elevated levels in the MIA group relative to CON and SHED-CM groups(BAX/BCL2:P＜0.05;cleaved-CASP3:P＜0.01;p-P38/P38:P＜0.001;p-ERK/ERK:P＜0.01).Similarly,qRT-PCR revealed upregulated expression of inflammatory mediators,including IL-1 β(P＜0.001),IL-6(P＜0.01),TNFα(P＜0.01),MMP3(P＜0.001),and ADAMTS5(P＜0.05),in the MIA group compared with the CON and SHED-CM groups.Conclusion:SHED-CM treatment can ef-fectively reverse MIA-induced condylar cartilage degeneration of TMJ OA in rats.

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of the Neuroform EZ self expanding stent for severe symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis(sICAS).Methods Retrospectively enrolled consecutive patients with severe sICAS who underwent percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting(PTAS)with a Neuroform EZ stent in the Department of Cerebrovascular Disease,Henan Provincial People's Hospital,from March 2020 to December 2022.Baseline demographic and clinical data were collected,including age,sex,hypertension,diabetes mellitus,coronary artery disease,dyslipidemia,hyperhomocysteinemia,transient ischemic attack(TIA)and ischemic stroke,smoking history,modified Rankin scale(mRS)score at admission,and National Institutes of Health stroke scale(NIHSS)score.Preoperative imaging data included target vessel(basilar artery,intracranial segment of the internal carotid artery,middle cerebral artery,and intracranial vertebral artery),lesion length,degree of stenosis,and vascular morphology according to the Mori classification(type A,lesion length＜5 mm with concentric or moderately eccentric stenosis;type B,lesion length＜10 mm with severely eccentric stenosis;type C,lesion length＞10 mm or arterial angulation＞90°).Technical success was defined as accurate delivery and deployment of the stent with complete coverage of the target lesion and immediate post deployment residual stenosis＜50%.Postoperative head CT was performed to detect intracranial hemorrhage.Periprocedural complications were recorded,including intracranial hemorrhage,arterial dissection,in stent thrombosis,and perforator occlusion occurring intraoperatively within 72 hours after the procedure.At one-month post-operation,patients were seen through outpatient follow-up for TIA,hemorrhagic or ischemic stroke,and all cause death.At 6 months after surgery,DSA or CT angiography(CTA)was performed to assess in stent restenosis(ISR,defined as＞50%stenosis within the stent or within5mm of its edges,or＞20%luminal loss).At 1 and 2 years postoperatively,ipsilateral ischemic stroke or TIA recurrence was assessed by outpatient visit or telephone follow up.Results A total of 76 patients with severe sICAS underwent PTAS with a Neuroform EZ stent(56 males,20 females,age 47-80 years,with a mean age of[61±10]years).(1)Within all patients enrolled,40 had middle cerebral artery,16 with basilar artery,6 with intracranial vertebral artery and 14 with intracranial internal carotid artery.The preprocedural lesion length was 2-15 mm,with a mean length of(6.2±2.5)mm,and stenosis severity was70%-99%,the mean severity was(83.2±6.9)%,with Mori type B being the most common type(57.9%[44/76]).(2)PTAS was successfully completed on all patients(technical success 100%).Pre dilation with a conventional balloon was performed in all cases(using balloon with diameter of 1.5-3.5mm,and stent with diameter of 2.5-4.5 mm and length of 15-30 mm).Immediate post procedural residual stenosis was(17.4±9.0)%,significantly lower than baseline(t=52.9,P＜0.05),with a mean difference of 65.8%(95%CI63.3%-68.3%).(3)Among all 76patients,one patient developed a flow limiting dissection post balloon angioplasty,which recovered after stent deployment.One patient with basilar artery stenosis experienced recurrent ischemic stroke at 5-day postoperatively,presenting with right sided weakness and coughing on liquids.Imaging showed an acute infarct in the left pons,considered perforator occlusion.The overall periprocedural complication rate was 2.6%(2/76).(4)No deaths occurred within 30 days after surgery.Sixty nine patients(90.8%)underwent 6 month imaging follow up with DSA(52 cases)or CTA(17 cases).ISR occurred in 12 patients(17.4%),including 6 asymptomatic and 6symptomatic cases.The ipsilateral ischemic stroke recurrence rate was 6.6%(5/76)at1 year and13.2%(10/76)at2years.Conclusions Neuroform EZstent assisted PTASappears safe and feasible for the treatment of severe sICAS.The long term effectiveness requires confirmation in large,multicenter,prospective studies.