Airway Remodeling ; drug effects ; Cholinergic Antagonists ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; drug therapy ; immunology ; metabolism ; Scopolamine Derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Tiotropium Bromide

BACKGROUND: The rare earth elements (Res) have multiple bio-activities and some extent neurotoxicity, Because of their distinct physical and chemical properties. The studies on neuromuscular junction and sympathet ic ganglia have shown that some Res, such as lanthanum(La), gadolinium (Gd),etc, exert considerable effects on synaptic transmission, but the effects and mechanism of Samarium on synaptic transmission are still unknown.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects and impossible mechanism of Samarium Chloride (SmCl3) on the nicotinic transmission in the isolated sympathetic ganglia, superior cervical ganglion (SCG) of rats.DESIGN: Controlled experimental study based on cells.SETTING: Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Medical University. MATERIALS: Totally 40 adult Wistar rats (weighing 250-300 g) of either sex, provided by the Experimental Animal Center of Guangxi Medical University, were used in this study. SmCl3 was made by the chlorination of Samarium Oxide with purity 99.5% and relative molecule mass 348.7, presented by Professor Liu Da-yuan, Guangxi Medical University. Acetylcholine chloride (Ach) and carbachol (Carb) were purchased from Sigma.METHODS: The experiment was completed at the neuropharmacology lab of the experimental center of Guangxi Medical University from September 2001 to December 2002. After sacrificing animals by acute exsanguination,SCG together with their preganglionic nerve trunks were isolated rapidly,then transferred to the recording chamber, the preganglionic nerve trunk was drawn into a suction electrode for orthodromic stimulation. The ganglia were superfused continuously with a Krebs solution, saturated with 950 mL/L 02 and 5mL/L CO2, pH 7.4±0.05, (34±0.5) ℃.The fiber containing glass microelectrodes filled with 3 mol/L KC1 (30-60 MΩ tip resistance) were used to impaled cells and do intracellular recording. The fast excitatory postsynaptic potentials (FEPSPs) were evoked in SCG neurons by single pulse stimulations (0.2-0.5 Hz, 0.5-1.0 ms, 2-10 V)on preganglionic nerve trunk. The remarkable membrane depolarization would be recorded in SCG neurons by superfusing ganglia with exogenous Ach (0.1 mmol/L) or Carb(0.1 mmol/L) for 30-60 s. The effects of 1×(10-7-10-4) mol/L SmCl3 on FEPSPs, membrane potentials, membrane resistance, exogenous Ach and Carb-induced membrane depolarization of SCG neurons were investigated in this experiment.The effects of SmCl3 on the facilitation of high Ca2+ (10 mmol/L ) on FEPSPs were also be observed, namely, first superfusing the ganglia with high Ca2+ (10 mmol/L)to facilitate FEPSPs, then superfusing the ganglia with Ca2+(10 mmol/L)contained SmCl3. All the drugs were solved in Krebs solution or improved Krebs solution and applied to ganglia by superfusion in known concentration.The bioelectricity difference before and after the drug superfusion were analyzed by paired Student's t test.MAIN OUTCOME MESURES: ①Effects of SmCl3 on FEPSPs.②Effects of SmCl3 on membrane potentials and membrane resistances. ③Effects of SmCl3 on exogenous Ach and Carb-induced membrane depolarization. ④Effects of SmCl3 on the facilitation of high Ca2+ (10 mmol/L ) on FEPSPs.RESULTS: ① 1 ×(10-7-10-4)mol/L SmCl3 could reversibly depressed the FEPSPs of rats SCG neurons [the amplitude inhibitory percentage of FEPSPs of l×10-4, 1×10-5, 1×10-6, 1×107 mol/L SmCl3 was (49.78±13.85)%(n=20),(39.05±4.05)%(n=10),(29.83±9.73)%(n=10)and (16.30±2.16)%(n=10)respectively (P ＜ 0.05-0.01)].1×10-4 mol/L SmCl3 could chang Aps into FEPSPs (n=5).②The membrane depolarization induced by Ach (n=5) and Carb (n=7) were not significantly changed by 1×10-4 mol/L SmCl3(P ＞ 0.05).③The membrane potential and membrane resistance were not significantly altered by 1×(10-7-10-4)mol/L SmCl3(n=67), P ＞ 0.05. ④1×10-4 mol/L SmCl3 could antagonized the facilitation of high Ca2+ (10 mmol/L ) on FEPSPs (n=5), P ＜ 0.01.CONCLUSION: SmCl3 can depresses nicotinic transmission in rats sympathetic ganglia by presynaptic mechanisms, perhaps due to its inhibition on Ca2+ influx.

Objective To study the clinical and MRI features of central pontine myelinolysis(CPM).Methods The MRI findings of 11 cases with central pontine myelinolysis verified by clinic and imagings were analyzed.Results There were history of drink wine long term in 7 cases,undernourishment in 4 cases,low-blood-sodium in 10 cases.Long T 1 and T 2 signal intensity was showed on MR in central pontine,focus presented under cortex cerebri and in nucleus basalis area in 4 cases.3 cases enhanced around focus,2 cases enhanced in center and 4 cases no enhanced on postcontrast MRI.Conclusion There are characteristic MRI features in central pontine myelinolysis,it is not difficult to diagnoses CPM in early stage if its clinical manifestations and testing treatment with hormone is associated with MRI features.

After more than half a century of development, obesity and metabolic surgery in western countries has become a complete surgical specialties, but the introduction of obesity and metabolic surgery was only 10 years old in China. The surgical treatment of obesity and related metabolic diseases, especially obesity of type 2 diabetes has been recognized and acknowledgd by the majority of surgical colleagues and patients as a new direction of development. The current trend of obesity and metabolic surgery is favorable, but there are many problems in the development of obesity and metabolic surgery in China, for example, the surgery nomenclature is not standardized, surgical indications are loosened, the surgical procedure is modified arbitrarily, the evaluation criteria is confusing, the postoperative follow-up protocol is not unified, etc. These problems require the majority of surgical colleagues to work together to make the standards scientifically a nd objectively in accordance with the actual situatioin of our country, so as to promote the healthy development of obesity and metabolic surgery in China.
Bariatric Surgery ; methods ; standards ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; surgery ; Humans ; Obesity ; surgery

Adult ; Diagnostic Errors ; Humans ; Leprosy, Lepromatous ; diagnosis ; Male ; Sinusitis ; diagnosis

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy, impacts on lung function and cytokines, and safety of azithromycin on the treatment for asthma. Methods Forty patients with asthma were randomized equally to receive azithromycin combined with inhaled cortisteroid (ICS) plus long-acting β_2-agonists (LABA), or only ICS plus LABA for 12 weeks. We evaluated the clinical efficacy including asthma control test scores and lung function, cytokines in induced-sputum including interleukin-4, interleukin-5 and interferon-γ, and the safety of azithromycin. Results After 12 weeks, asthma control test (ACT) scores and lung function were improved obviously, and concentrations of IL-4, IL-5 and IFN-γ in induced-sputum were reduced significantly in both groups. Comparing with the control group, the decline of cytokines in induced-sputum was much more significant in patients treated with azithromycin. No severe adverse events were found in both groups. Conclusions Azithromycin combined with ICS plus LABA is an effective and safe treatment for asthma, which could significantly reduce the level of cytokines elaborated from Th2-type cells in the airways.

Objective To evaluate the clinical application value of a new type of Bard Max-Core coaxial biopsy system and com-pare the effectiveness and safety of different diameter biopsy guns.Methods This retrospective study included 286 patients who re-ceived CT-guided percutaneous lung biopsy using Bard MC disposable biopsy system.We divided patients into three groups:1 6G, 18G,and 20G group.Then,we evaluated the biopsy effectiveness,histological diagnosis rate and complication incidence of this new type of Bard Max-Core coaxial biopsy system.Results All lung biopsy specimens were successfully obtained.The total histological diagnosis rate was 80.8%.Patients with malignant lesions had higher histological diagnosis rate than patients with benign lesions. The histological diagnosis rate in 1 6G group was the highest among three groups.There was no significant difference among three groups regarding to the rate of diagnosis of malignant lesions.Group with 1 6G had the highest histological diagnosis rate among three groups in diagnosing begin lesions.The incidences of pneumothorax in three groups had no significant difference.The incidence of bleeding in 1 6G group was the highest among three groups.Conclusion The new Bard MC disposable coaxial biopsy system is a safe and effective instrument for lung biopsy.We should select the biopsy needles with appropriate diameter according to the fully as-sessment of patients'preoperative conditions.

Objective: To establish a method for the determination of luteoloside, apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucosidase, and luteolin by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method, and the determination of luteoloside, apigenin-7-O-β-D- glucosidase, and luteolin in Humulus scandens female and male plants from different origins and different harvest months in Hebei province. Methods: HPLC method was used for simultaneous determination of luteoloside, apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucosidase, and luteolin. System suitability conditions were as follows: column: Agilent 5 TC-C18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm); mobile phase: acetonitrile-0.2% phosphoric acid; flow rate: 1.0 mL/min; detection wavelength: 340 nm; column temperature: 25 ℃; injection volume: 10 μL. Results: The linear ranges were 4.640-74.24 μg/mL of luteoloside (r = 0.999 2), 1.510-30.20 μg/mL of apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucosidase (r = 0.999 9), and 0.796 3-12.74 μg/mL of luteolin. RSD of precision, stability, and repeatabillity tests were ≤ 1.99%. The average recoveries were 102.69% (RSD = 1.64%, n = 9), 100.49% (RSD = 1.93%, n = 9), and 100.39% (RSD = 1.65%, n = 9). Conclusion: The method is simple, reproducible, and accurate, and reliable measurement results can be used for simultaneous determination of luteoloside, apigenin-7-O-β-D- glucosidase, and luteolin in H. scandens female and male plants from different origins and different harvest months in Hebei province. There is greater difference between luteoloside, apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucosidase, and luteolin in H. scandens female and male plants from different origins and different harvest months in Hebei province.

The bilingual teaching must face some innovations and reformations in the contents and methods to acquire some satisfactory outcome.The article discusses some questions of bilingual teaching in paediatrics including the shortage of teachers,the interest deficiency of students,the lack of suitable teaching materials and inferior learning environment,and then provides some useful advice for the innovations of bilingual teaching.

Objective:To compare transvaginal ultrasonography and hysteroscopy in diagnosis of intrauterine adhesions.Methods: One hundred and one cases of infertile women were treated by transvaginal ultrasound and hysteroscopy.Results: One hundred and one cases of infertility by hysteroscopy diagnosis of 87 cases of intrauterine adhesions, transvaginal ultrasound 68 cases of intrauterine adhesions, 78.16% sensitivity, sensitivity and different degree of intrauterine adhesions without significant difference. The diagnosis coincidence rate of intrauterine adhesions was consistent with transvaginal ultrasonography and hysteroscopy.Conclusion: In the clinical diagnosis and treatment of intrauterine adhesions, transvaginal sonography has the value of irreplaceable hysteroscopy. Vaginal ultrasonography can be used as the first choice for intrauterine adhesions.