Effective leadership is crucial for health organizations' performance and numerous western universities thus offer leadership courses or modules to their students.However,such education practice has not started in China.In order to optimize knowledge and skills of health service management practitioners,to content with requirements of health service organizations,to cope with dynamic organization environment,to implement health reform successfully and to realized sustainable development of health organizations,it is necessary to provide leadership course for students of health service management at Chinese universities.

Objective To study the relationship among hydrops fetalis(over 28 gestational weeks),Mirror syndrome and preeclampsia(PE). Methods Clinical data of 13 cases of hydrops fetalis were analyzed and relative publications were reviewed. Results Eight out of the 13 cases were diagnosed as PE,and 5 were Mirror syndrome.Serious maternal complications occurred in all cases with either Mirror syndrome or PE. ConclusionsFetaland placental hydrops was closely related with maternal symptoms.Clinicians should be aware of this condition and detect Mirror syndrome in time so as to prevent its progress to PE.However,the pathogenic mechanism remains to be fully elucidated.More attention should be paid to both mothers and the hydrops fetalis.

Objective To investigate the features and risk factors associated with lymph node metastasis in colorectal neuroendocrine neoplasm.Methods Clinical and pathological data of 99 patients with colorectal neuroendocrine neoplasm treated between January 2009 to January 2015 were analyzed retrospectively.Comparisons of categorical data and univariate analysis of risk factors of lymph node metastasis were conducted.Results Of the 99 patients,the rate of regional lymph node metastasis was 30.3％ (30/99)with 56.7％ limited to para-intestinal lymph nodes in 17 cases,26.7％ limited to mesenteric lymph nodes in 8 cases,and 16.7％ limited to mesenteric root central lymph nodes in 5 cases.No metastasis exceeding central lymph nodes was observed.Multivariate regression analysis revealed that tumor size,invasion of lymphatic vessel and pathological grading were independent risk factors for lymph node metastasis in colorectal neuroendocrine neoplasm (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Colorectal neuroendocrine neoplasm with larger tumor size,invasion of lymphatic vessel or higher grade (G2,G3) has high risk of regional lymph node metastasis.

The relationship between PGE2 and sIL-2R and ca rcinoma of large intestine and the development of its immunological study is de scribed briefly.

Cirrhotic portal hypertension is associated with both increased intrahepatic vascular resistance and hyperdynamic circulation.These two pathogical changes of portal hypertension can be contributed to the unusually high or unusually low levels of vasodilator in liver and splanchnic organs.Vascular hyporesponsiveness due to reactive oxygen species is also a key factor which accounts for portal hemodynamic abnormalities.Transcription factor nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2),known by its role in anti-oxygenation,can initiate and enhance transcription of antioxidant response element (ARE) when exposure to oxidative stress occures.Related influence on expression of nitric oxide,carbon monoxide and their coenzymes has also been demonstrated for decades.The potential clinical significance will be unfolded if changes of Nrf2 expression,as well as the way modulating Nrf2,are found in cirrhotic portal hypertension.

Female ; Fetal Growth Retardation ; genetics ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Insulin Resistance ; physiology ; Insulin-Secreting Cells ; physiology ; Metabolic Syndrome ; embryology ; etiology ; Pregnancy

Humans ; Myocardial Infarction ; complications ; therapy ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury ; etiology ; therapy

Objective To compare the gas and heat exchange performance of membrane oxygenator DDMO-100S and membrane oxygenator Terumo SX-10 in cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB)in children.Methods 39 children aged 3-12 yrs who suffered from congenital heart disease were selected,and the repair of ventricle septal defect or/and atrial septal defect was performed under cardiopulmonary bypass.The 39 children were randomly divided into Group DD(n =21)and Group SX(n = 18).Membrane oxygenator DDMO-100S(Made by Xi'an Daidai,China)was used in Group DD and Membrane oxygenator Terumo SX-10(Made by Terumo,Japan)in Group SX,respectively.The hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass with high perfusion flow and the cool crystalloid cardioplegia were applied in all children.The artery blood samples were taken for measuring PO2 and PCO2 and the oxygenating index(OI)was calculated by the formulae(OI = PaO2/FiO2).The temperature at nasal pharynx was monitored and the rewarming time was recorded.Results The total priming volume in Group DD was bigger than in Group SX [(742.5 ± 107.3)ml vs(531.3 ± 84.3)ml,P ＜ 0.05].The PO2,OI and PCO2 at 15 min after CPB or at 5 min before cease of CPB had no differences in both group(P ＞0.05).The rewarming time had no difference in both group [(31.5 ± 10.2)min vs(30.61 ± 8.2)min,P ＞0.05].Conclusions Under our observation condition,the gas and heat exchange performance of membrane oxygenator DDMO-100S were the same as membrane oxygenator Terumo SX-10,when it was used in cardiopulmonary bypass in children,but it had a little bit more priming volume.

10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.25.005

Objective To study the effect of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) inhibition by small interference RNA (siRNA) on the apoptosis of DTC cells treated by 131 I.Methods DNA binding assay was performed at 24 h after 131I treatment (2 × 104 MBq/L) on KTC-1 cells.The cell survival assay was conducted at 48 h after 131 I treatment.Western blot was used to detect the changes of NF-κB p65 at 6 h after 131I treatment,and the changes of anti-apoptotic factors and apoptotic key factors at 24 h after 131 I treatment.The anti-apoptotic factors included in this study were X chromosome-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP),cellular inhibitor of apoptosis 1 (cIAP1) and B-cell lymphoma extra large (Bcl-xL),and the apoptotic key factors were caspase 3 and poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP).A total of 4 groups were studied for the detection of p65 and anti-apoptotic factors by Western blot:no oligonucleotide transfection control group (A),no oligonucleotide transfection + 131I group (B),scrambled oligonucleotides transfection + 131I group (C) and p65 siRNA transfection + 131I group (D).Another 6 groups of studies were:oligonucleotide transfection control group (1),scrambled oligonucleotides transfection group (2),p65 siRNA transfection group (3),no oligonueleotide transfection + 131I group (4),scrambled oligonucleotides transfection +131I group (5) and p65 siRNA transfection + 131I group (6).One-way analysis of variance and q test were performed for statistical analysis.Results The results of DNA binding assays for the 6 groups (1,2,3,4,5,6) were (100.00 ± 11.65)％,(96.00 ± 17.98)％,(9.28 ±5.01)％,(322.72 ±50.81)％,(311.36 ±44.81)％ and (36.96 ± 15.66)％,respectively (F =137.74,P ＜0.01).NF-κB functions were strengthened with 131 I treatment (qgrouo 4∶1 =10.90,qroup 5∶2 =11.38,both P ＜ 0.01).However,NF-κB p65 siRNA transfection could inhibit NF-κB functions (qgroup1∶3 =18.25,qgroup4∶6 =13.71,both P ＜0.01).Cell survival rates of the 6 groups were (100.00 ± 11.65)％,(96.32 ± 9.44)％,(70.88 ±7.41)％,(64.16 ±9.50)％,(62.24 ±9.37)％ and (28.64 ±6.74)％ (F=52.76,P＜0.01).There were significant differences between groups 3 and 6,groups 4 and 6 (q =10.76 and 7.79,both P ＜ 0.01).Western blot results showed that the expression of NF-κB p65 in the 4 groups (A,B,C,D) were (56.60 ±7.37)％,(111.07 ± 13.31)％,(113.16± 15.04)％ and (12.46 ±2.74)％,respectively (F=60.17,P ＜ 0.01).The t65 levels increased with 131 I treatment (qgroup B∶A =6.20,qroup c∶ A =5.85,both P ＜0.01); while decreased significantly using NF-κB p65 siRNA transfection (qgroup B:D =-12.57; qgroupC∶D =11.41,both P ＜ 0.01).Western blot results showed that XIAP,cIAP1 and Bcl-xL in the 4 groups were (17.59±1.96)％,(16.45± 1.85)％ and (19.92 ±2.22)％; (98.37± 17.92)％,(109.81 ±19.16)％ and (95.59 ±22.20)％ ; (98.43 ±18.71)％,(98.86± 15.88)％ and (100.99 ±21.70)％ ;(7.00 ± 0.95) ％,(5.86 ± 0.35) ％ and (9.52 ± 0.90) ％,respectively (F =44.22,56.51 and 29.11,all P ＜ 0.01).131 I treatment induced higher expression of all the 3 genes (qgroup B∶ A =7.76,8.40 and 5.88,all P ＜0.01),while NF-κB p65 siRNA transfection,on the contrary,reduced the expression of all the 3 genes (qgroupB:D =8.82,9.40 and 6.71,all P ＜0.01).There were significant differences of p19,p17,p116 and p89 in the 6 groups(F =39.03,48.45,32.56,52.20,all P ＜ 0.01),especially among group 3,4 and 6 (q =3.18-9.98,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions 131I could activate NF-κB function and enhance the expressions of anti-apoptotic factors.NF-κB p65 siRNA transfection could effectively suppress this effect and therefore magnify 131I induced apoptosis in DTC cells.