In the teaching reform of cytobiology,we should first formulate a reasonable syllabus according to training goals,pay attention to course content reform,strengthen connection with other preclinical medicine subjects,combine quality-oriented education in class instruction,and cultivate students scientific and original spirit.The experimental courses should be offered from higher level and be conformed with subject development.The teacher should have innovative thinking,adopt diversified teaching methods,and fully arouse students' study enthusiasm.

A new method of the separation of hydrocarbons and glycerides in liver oil of Mustelus jriseas was designed. The Waters Prep-500A Liquid Chromatograph with silica gel column and differential refractive index detector was used. The mobile phase was petroleum ether and ethyl acetate. The pure hydrocarbons' and glycerides were obtained from the liver oil.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the serum concentration of amiodarone and QT dispersion.Methods The serum concentration of Am and DEA were determined by HPLC during the treatment in forty Patients to study the relationship between the serum concentration and QTd.Results After using amiodarone,QT interval was significantly increased[(383±31)ms vs(418±29)ms,P＜0.05].In the same time QTd was significantly decreased[(34±12)ms vs(21±9)ms,P＜0.05].With maintaining dosage,the serum concentration of DEA had positive relationship with the increment of QT(r=0.50,P＜0.05).While with loading dosage,the serum concentration of amiodarone had no relationship with it.The serum concentration of amiodarone had no relationshiP with the decrement of QTd in all patients.And it varied in a large range.Between the groups of different therapeutic effect,the serum concentration had no statistical difference.Two patients appeared the adverse effects.Their serum concentration of amiodarone weren't higher than the average concentration of the group.Conclusion The serum concentration of amiodarone couldn't be an index tO estimate the effect and the occurrence of adverse effects.

Tripterygium Hypoglaucum Hutch and Tripterygium Wilfordii Hook.f are all Evonymus alata family Tripterygium Wilfordii genus plants.They are generally used in the clinical treatment in department of dermatology.They resemble each other not only in some chemical constitutions,but also in some pharmacologic actions(such as anti-inflammatory,anti-tumor,immune suppression,antifertility and so on),but they are all poisonous plants.When they are used for therapy,they can induce some toxic reactions,even the death of patients.In order to facilitate the adoption of the two drugs,we review their pharmacologic actions.

Objective To probe into the application feature and use tendency of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) injections in our hospital;To evaluate rational drug use and provide reference for related researches. Methods TCM injections in our hospital during 2010-2012 were analyzed by employing the analytic method of defined daily dose, with a purpose to evaluate frequency of drug use and rationality of medication expenses. Results From 2010 to 2012, drug possession rate of TCM injections in our hospital was 4.07%-4.47%;the amount of medication accounted for 10.50%to 12.69%of the amount of all drugs;the annual growth rate increased significantly, among which TCM injections used for removing blood stasis took the lead;frequency of drug use rose annually;medication synchrony in 3 years indicated that daily expensesof Shenkang Injection, Aidi Injection, salvianolateinjection, safflor yellow sodium chloride injection and other TCM injections were on the high side. Conclusion From 2010 to 2012, TCM injections in the clinical application in our hospital were of relatively high frequency, and the TCM injections used for removing blood stasis took the lead. Daily expenses of TCM injections drugs were on the high side and there may be unreasonable application.

AIM: To establish the HPLC fingerprint of Genti ana straminea Maxim. METHODS: It was adopted gradient with Methanol and 0.4% phospho ric acid, the detection wavelength was at 230nm and recording time. And it w as compared with a software published by Zhejiang University. RESULTS: The constituents of Gentiana straminea Maxim. were well se parated by HPLC, and the similarity was more than 0.90 . CONCLUSION: The method can be used as the fingerprint of G entiana straminea Maxim.

Objective To study the morphological character of the high endothelial venules(HEVs) and the expression of lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1(LFA-1),platelet endothelium cell adhesion molecular-1(PECAM-1) in the rat mesenteric lymph node,inquire into their morphological representation when lymphocytes pass through the HEVs and the regulative action of LFA-l and PECAM-1. Methods To observe their morphological representation when lymphocyte pass through the HEVs wall and analyze the expression of LFA-1,PECAM-1 with the light microscope,electron microscope and immunohistochemistry method in the rat mesenteric lymph node. Results Lymphocytes contacted the endothelial cells by protuberances or membrane protuberances like welding spot,lymphocytes located in and between the endothelial cells or in the junction space of them in HEVs,there were lymphocytes in the lucid layer between inner and outer layers of basement membranes;LFA-1 mainly expressed at lymphocytes that adhered to endothelial cell in HEVs;PECAM-1 mainly expressed at the endothelial cells and the migrating lymphocytes.Conclusion 1.Lymphocytes contacted the endothelial cells by protuberances,then they got across the endothelial cells into the cellular junction space by the intraendothelial and interendothelial,and at last they emigrated from the basement membranes into the lymph tissue;2.LFA-1 involved in firm adheresion between lymphocytes and the endothelial cells;3.PECAM-1 probably had a relationship with that lymphocytes migrated endothelial cells.

Objective To set up a method for determining the protocatechuic aldehyde in Qingshenjianfei tablets. Method HPLC method, Elite HypcrsilC18 column (4.6 mm?250 mm, 5 ?m) was used, mobile phase:Methanol-0.5% Acetic Acid Glacial (12∶88), the detecting wavelength was at 280 nm. Result The standard curve was linear within a range of 0.05～0.60 ?g. The average recovery and RSD were 100.49% and 1.61%. Conclusion This method is accurate, reliable, and can provide a scientific index for quality control of Qingshenjianfei Tablets.

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the effect of recombinant human growth hormone(HGH)on serum sndotoxin,inflamma-tory cytokines,wound healing time,hospitalization time and prognosis of elderly patients with severe burn. METHODS:96 elder-ly patients with severe burn in our hospital were randomly divided into treatment group (48 cases) and control group (48 cases). All patients received wound surface care,nutritional support,maintaining water and electrolyte and acid-base balance. Control group received 1 ml 0.9% Sodium chloride solution,sc,qd. Treatment group received 0.3 IU/kg. Recombinant HGH for injection, sc,qd. All patients were treated for 21 d. Serum endotoxin content in 2 groups before and 14,21 d after treatment was compared, inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α,IL-6, IL-8) before and after treatment,wound healing time,hospitalization time and the inci-dence of multiple organ disorder syndrome(MODS),death and systemic infection were observed. RESULTS:There was no signifi-cant difference in serum endotoxin content before and 14 d after treatment(P>0.05);after 21 d,serum endotoxin contents in 2 group obviously decreased,and treatment group was significantly lower than control group,with statistical significance(P<0.05). After treatment,IL-8 level in treatment group was significantly higher than control group,TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly lower than control group,with statistical significances (P<0.05). Wound healing time and hospitalization time in treatment group were significantly shorten than control group,with statistical significances(P<0.05). The incidence of MODS,death and systemic infec-tion in treatment group were significantly lower than control group,with statistical significances(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:The application of recombinant HGH in elderly patients with severe burn can reduce toxins absorption of patients and decrease inflamma-tory cytokines to promote wound healing and improve prognosis.

Heavy chain antibodies (HcAb) without light chains are naturally produced by camelids.The single domain antigen-binding fragment of HcAb is referred to as VHH or nanobody (Nb),which is the smallest antigen-binding entity at present.Several characteristics such as low molecular weight,high stability,and low immunogenicity make the use of nanobodies superior to the conventional antibodies.Currently,nanobodies are highly valuable antibodies for various applications,including fundamental research,diagnostics,and therapeutics.A variety of nanobodies are investigated in clinical researches.The recent progresses of heterologous expression of nanobodies in seven expression systems,including Gram-negative and positive bacteria,yeasts,filamentous fungi,insect cells,mammalian cells and plant cells were focused on,and the expression systems,hosts,characteristics of vectors,construction of vectors and yield of nanobodies were summarized.The strategies to increase the yield of nanobodies are discussed from molecular level,expression level and rational design.