Medical Oncology ; trends

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; diagnosis ; therapy ; China ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Esophagectomy ; methods ; Esophagoscopy ; Humans ; Neoplasm Staging ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; standards ; Research

Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; drug therapy ; surgery ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; surgery ; Molecular Targeted Therapy ; Neoadjuvant Therapy

The prevalence of esophageal cancer in China is significant. Surgery remains to be the mainstay treatment for esophageal cancer. Standardized surgical procedure and radical lymph node dissection is the base of multimodality treatment, which is also related to the success of the treatment and prognosis. At present, synchronized preoperative chemoradiation is recommended for operable esophageal cancer. Use of preoperative radiation is not associated with increased difficulty in performing surgery or increased complications. Preoperative chemotherapy alone is not recommended. NCCN recommends 5-fluorouracil-based adjuvant therapy administered synchronously with radiation. In China, postoperative synchronized chemoradiation is recommended for II(B-III) esophageal cancer. Large-scale, multi-center, prospective controlled clinical trials are warranted to determine the optimal combination of therapeutic alternatives to benefit patients the most.
Combined Modality Therapy ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; therapy ; Humans

The management of locally advanced esophageal carcinoma has been changed in recent years.More and more evidence confirmed the role of neoadjuvant chemoradiation plus surgery in the treatment of locally advanced esophageal cancer.Further research should be focused on how to target the particular population sensitive to chemoradiation.This article summarizes current knowledge of related literature on combined therapy of locally advanced esophageal cancer and serves as a background for the setup of a national standarized strategy for the treatment of locally advanced esophageal carcinoma.

Objective To investigate diagnosis value of abnormal distribution of electrophysiological parame -ters in Guillain-Barre syndrome .Methods 40 cases of Guillain-Barre syndrome were chosen as an object of study ,all patients electrophysiological examination .Record limbs on both sides ,upper and lower extremities and proximal and distal motor nerve distal latency ( DML ) , motor conduction velocity ( MCV ) , compound muscle action potential (CMAP)and sensory conduction velocity (SCV) were recorded.Results F wave latency mildly abnormal ,moderately abnormal and severe abnormalities were 18.3 %,6.2 %and 5.3%,totaling 29.8%,F-wave occurrence rate mildly abnormal,moderately abnormal and severe abnormalities were 9.3 %9.8%and 15.6%,totaling 66.9%.Abnormal sensory conduction velocity was 57.5%,motor conduction velocity anomaly was 75.7%, there was a statistically sig-nificant difference between the two groups (χ2 =5.34,P<0.05).bilateral tibial nerve tests showed mild ,moderate and severe in patients with H-reflex abnormality rates were 78.0%,80.9%and 100.0%,among the three comparison (Uc=1.47,P>0.05).3 proximal and distal motor nerve severe damage rates were 48.3 percent and 74.5 percent, the difference was statistically significant (χ2 =9.86,P <0.05).Severe upper limb proximal nerve damage was 51.4%,significantly lower than 71.6%of the distal upper extremity ,lower extremity proximal nerve severe damage to 44.2 %,significantly lower than the 81.6% of distal lower extremity between them were statistical difference (χ2 =8.86,12.43,all P<0.05).Conclusion Electrophysiological parameters detection Guillain-Barre syndrome has a high value,which can be accurate response in patients with neurological damage .

Objective To observe the consistency of MRI imaging and pathological examination.To discuss the value of MRI imaging in assessing the curative effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer.Methods 98 patients with breast cancer were selected as research subjects.All patients received six cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy,and underwent surgical treatment after the end of chemotherapy.All of them were performed with MRI examination before and after 6 cycles of chemotherapy.The evaluation of MRI in assessing the neoadjuvant chemotherapy and postoperative efficacy of breast cancer were compared for the consistency.Results The total effective rate by pathological examination of 98 cases of breast cancer after 6 cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy was 71 .4%,and the effective rate by MRI examination was 74.5%,and two evaluation results were basically consistent.The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of MRI to assess the complete response (CR)patients after chemotherapy were 87.3%, 67.1 % and 78.2%,respectively,which of the partial response(PR)patients were 92.5%,59.7% and 85.9%, respectively.The tumor shrinkage of 22 patients was reduced towards the heart,with 23 branches reduced according to the MRI image.The average gap between MRI measured maximum tumor diameter and pathological examination results was (0.42 ±0.27)cm.Conclusion The evaluation of MRI in assessing the neoadjuvant chemotherapy was consistent with the pathology results,which could be used for clinical treatment and surgery program,worthy of clinical application.

Schwann cells proliferate and the axis cylinder regenerates after the injury of the peripheral nerves. Schwann cells are a vital factor in the process of regeneration of injured nerves. The article summarizes the survival and apoptosis adaptation of Schwann cells after the injury of the peripheral nerves. It discusses massive NGF secreting, P75 expressing, and IGF 2, PDGF BB, NT 3 and CNTF secreting. It also supposes that there might be a homeostasis between survival and apoptosis in the proliferated Schwann cells and brings forward the question regarding reassessment of administration of NGF to enhance regeneration of the injured peripheral nerves.

The effect of free radicals induced by electrolysis on endothelium derived relaxing factor (EDRF) was studied in the isolated rabbit basilar artery using bioassaytechnique. It was found that after the injury was made by the free radicals, the relaxa-tion of the artery rings induced by Ach was decreased markedly while the contractioninduced by NE was very much augmented. Meanwhile, in the basilar arteries MDA con-tent was increased and SOD activity was decreased. Pretreated the basilar artery with SOD,led to the recovery of decreased relaxation and attenuation of changes in MDA and SOD.These results suggested that during subarachnoid hemorrhage, the release of EDRF wasdecreased which was closely related to the free radicals injury of the basilar arteries.