OBJECTIVE:To investigate blood concentration monitoring data,therapeutic efficacy,toxic reaction and combi-nation of tacrolimus in patients with Allo-HSCT,and to provide reference for clinical application of tacrolimus. METHODS:The blood concentration of tacrolimus in 16 inpatients were monitored with EMIT 3 months after Allo-HSCT. The occurrence of Graft-versus-Host disease(GVHD),ADR and drug combination were analyzed and discussed. RESULTS:A large individual dif-ferences were found in blood concentration of tacrolimus. When blood concentration <8 ng/ml,there seems a greater possibility of GVHD. When >20 ng/ml,the occurrence of diabetes,kidney damage and other side effects seems increased. Tacrolimus had a good effect on treatment and prevention of GVHD,and could have an interaction with other drugs. CONCLUSIONS:Blood concentration monitoring of tacrolimus plays an important role on the prevention and treatment of GVHD,and the decrease of side effects such as diabetes and neurotoxicity. The satisfactory blood concentration is 8-20 ng/ml,when there seems a smaller possibility of GVHD and ADR 3 months after Allo-HSCT.

Objective To prepare the flurbiprofen orally disintegrating tablets and establish the procedures of controlling the quality.Methods Flurbiprofen orally disintegrating tablets was prepared by wet granulation and it content was determined by HPLC.Results The obtained tablets were fine in the shape and smooth in the surface.Their hardness was 2 kg,the disintegrating time was about 30 s.The linear correlation was in a range of 1.0-10.0 ?g/ml,r=0.999 9.The average recovery was 99.32%,RSD=1.09%(n=7).Conclusion Our methods of flurbiprofen orally disintegrating tablets are simple and feasible in preparation and quality control.

Objective To compare the value of (~99m) Tc-octreotide scintigraphy and planar X-ray mammography in the diagnosis of breast cancer. Methods A total of 32 patients with suspected breast cancer were enrolled into this study. All patients underwent (~99m) Tc-octreotide scintigraphy and planar X-ray mammography. The diagnostic efficiency of (~99m) Tc-octreotide scintigraphy and planar X-ray mammography were compared based on the post-surgery pathology. Results The sensitivity of (~99m) Tc-octreotide scintigraphy and planar X-ray mammography in the diagnosis of breast cancer was 91.67% and 66.67%, the specificity was 100% and 37.50%, the accuracy was 93.75% and 59.38%, respectively. Combining (~99m) Tc-octreotide scintigraphy with planar X-ray mammography, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predicting values and negative predicting values for breast cancer was 95.83%, 100%, 96.88%, 82.14% and 47.06%, respectively. Conclusion The diagnostic efficiency of (~99m) Tc-octreotide scintigraphy for breast cancer is superior to planar X-ray mammography. (~99m) Tc-octreotide scintigraphy combined with planar X-ray mammography, the diagnostic efficiency for breast cancer will be further improved.

Nonlinear dynamics has been used to analyse Electroencephalograph (EEG) time series,in recent years,which has opened new possibilities to the dynamic knowledge of the brain. In this paper, we review researches on the treatment of EEG (sleep stage, anesthesia, process of cognition, schizophrenia, dementia and epilepsy) using nonlinear dynamics methods, and try to better understand brain neurodynamics.

Objective To investigate the psychologic characteristics of the hypertensive with transient ischemic attack(TIA). Methods 56 hypertensive patients with TIA were surveyed with Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90), Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS). Results and Conclusion The score in interpersonal sensitivity and paranoid factors of SCL-90 were below the norm obviously(P<0.05), the score of other factors were higher than the norm(P<0.01). Somatization, obsessive-compulsive, anxiety correlated negatively with E scale, while hostility, phobia anxiety, anxiety correlated positively with N scale. 71.4% patients appeared depression while 78.6% patients appeared anxiety in differently degree. Depression and anxiety correlated positively with the times of TIA, especially the anxiety.

Objective To investigate the expression and significance of Smad 7,Smurf 1 and Smurf 2 in basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma.Methods Biopsy specimens were resected from 14 patients with basal cell carcinoma,19 patients with squamous cell carcinoma and 30 normal controls.Quanti- tative real-time PCR and immunohistochemical techniques were utilized to assess the expression of Smad 7, Smurf 1 and Smurf 2 in these specimens.Results The gray scale for staining of Smad 7,Smurf 1 and Smurf 2 was 166.61?7.11,166.08?8.71,and 166.25?8.15 respectively in basal cell carcinoma,161.66?5.52,166.84?9.27,and 169.98?9.48 respectively in squamous cell carcinoma.The expression levels of Smad 7,Smurf 1 and Smurf 2 were all significantly increased in basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell car- cinoma in comparison with normal controls.Conclusions The over-expression of Smad 7,Smurf 1 and Smurf 2 may interfere with transforming growth factor?signaling transduction pathway through several links,therefore prevent the inhibitory effect of transforming growth factor?on epidermal proliferation,and accelerate the abnormal proliferation in above epidermal tumors.

Objective To evaluate the management and survival of lymph node region recurrence of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC),and discuss its suitable therapeutic strategy.Methods Thirty-eight patients with the recurrence of lymph node region were extracted from 1945 patients who were diagnosed EOC and treated in Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center from January 1995 to December 2008.The clinical characteristics,therapy methods and survival of them were retrospectively analyzed.Patient age at initial diagnosis was ＞ 50 years old in 24 patients and ≤50 years old in 14 patients.There were 15 cases with stage Ⅱ and 23 cases with stage Ⅲ in terms of initial International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO,1987) staging.Classified with histological grade,7 cases were in G1,14 cases were in G2,17 cases were in G3 ;according to the histological types,19 cases were with serous adenocarcinomas,and 19 cases were with non-serous adenocarcinomas (including 9 endometrioid adenocarcinoma,1 mucinous adenocarcinoma and 9 unclassified adenocarcinoma).The median follow-up time was 59 months (ranged 16 to 124 months).Results (1) Feature of recurrences:the median interval of last treatment to recurrence was 18 months (range 9 to 96 months).Most of them were absence of symptoms.The serum level of CA125 was elevated in 15 patients(39％,15/38).(2) Treatment of recurrences:of the 38 patients,19 underwent lymphadnectomy for recurrence regions and received adjuvant chemotherapy (surgery + chemotherapy group),14 received local radiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy (radiotherapy + chemotherapy group),5 received chemoherapy only (chemotherapy group).There were 35 cases achieved complete response (CR),including 19 patients underwent secondary debulking surgery in surgery + chemotherapy group,14 cases in radiotherapy + chemotherapy group (12 of them treated by radiotherapy,the other 2 cases reached CR after adjuvant chemotherapy) and 2 cases in chemotherapy group.While only 3 patients reached partial response in chemotherapy group.(3) Survival and second recurrences:during follow-up,14 cases died of tumor,4 cases survival with tumor while 20 cases survival without evidence of tumor.The 5-year post-recurrence survival rate of 38 cases was 66.5％,with 71.8％,68.8％ and 40.0％ in surgery +chemotherapy,radiotherapy + chemotherapy,and chemotherapy group,respectively,and there was no significant difference in survival rate between them (P ＞ 0.05).A total of 15 patients experienced second recurrences,including 7 cases with peritoneal and 8 cases with lymph node region recurrences.(4) Prognosis factors:the univariate analysis shown that survival after recurrence was significantly related to patient age,tumor-free interval and number of recurrence disease (P ＜ 0.05),while not to FIGO stage,histological type,histological grade,and lymphadnectomy during primary surgery (P ＞ 0.05).The multivariate analysis showed that patient age and tumor-free interval were independent prognostic variables for survival after recurrence (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The lymph node region recurrence of EOC may be have good prognosis and distinctive clinical process.Local treatment strategies including secondary surgery and radiotherapy should be considered,which may significantly improve survival in ovarian cancer patients with lymph node region recurrence.

Objective To study the effects of Androsace umbellata extract on bone wound healing in rats.Methods A total of 32 rats were selected,and the rat femur bone trauma model was established.The Androsace umbellata was administrated to rats in treatment groups (including high-dose Androsace umbellata group and low-dose Androsace umbellata group,8 rats in each group)continuously for 10 days,while rats in the fake operation control group (8 rats)and bone trauma model group (8 rats) were treated with corresponding volume of solvent by body weight.The growth of body weight and wound healing of rats were recorded.The serum levels of calcium and phosphorus,activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP),bone density and bone biomechanics were examined.The X-ray photograph was carried out to observe the effects of Androsace umbellata on bone wound healing,Results Compared with the bone trauma model group,serum levels of calcium and phosphorus,calcium-phosphorus product and activity of ALP were significantly increased in treatment groups,there were statistically significant differences (P＜0.05).Compared with the bone trauma model group,bone density of trauma place in the high-dose Androsace umbellata group was significantly decreased (P＜0.05),bending energy in the low-dose Androsace umbellata group was increased (P＜0.05),while no statistically significant difference was found in the other skeletal biomechanical properties (P＞0.05).The results of X-ray films indicated that the treatment groups shown better effects on bone wound healing compared with the bone trauma model group.Conclusion Androsace umbellata extract could effectively promote bone wound healing in rats.

Spinal biomechanics, especially the range of spine motion,has close connection with spinal surgery. The change of the range of motion (ROM) is an important indicator of diseases and injuries of spine, and the essential evaluating standards of effect of surgeries and therapies to spine. The analysis of ROM can be dated to the time of the invention of X-ray and even that before it. With the development of science and technology as well as the optimization of various types of calculation methods, diverse measuring methods have emerged, from imaging methods to non-imaging methods, from two-dimensional to three-dimensional, from measuring directly on the X-ray films to calculating automatically by computer. Analysis of ROM has made great progress, but there are some older methods cannot meet the needs of the times and disappear, some classical methods such as X-ray still have vitality. Combining different methods, three dimensions and more vivo spine research are the trend of analysis of ROM. And more and more researchers began to focus on vivo spine research. In this paper, the advantages and disadvantages of the methods utilized recently are presented through viewing recent literatures, providing reference and help for the movement analysis of spine.
Animals ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; instrumentation ; methods ; trends ; Radiography ; Spine ; diagnostic imaging

Objective To observe the efficacy of posterior atlantoaxial fusion for C1/C2 fractures combined with ponticulus posticus.Methods A retrospective case series review was performed on data of 12 cases of C1/C2 fractures combined with ponticulus posticus treated from January 2008 to January 2014.There were 7 males and 5 females,aged 35.5 (23.5-49.25) years.Three cases were diagnosed with C1 lateral mass fractures combined with other injury,seven type Ⅱ odontoid fractures,and two type Ⅲ odontoid fractures.Nine cases whose C1 pedicle height ≥4 mm in both sides underwent posterior C1-C2 screw-rod fixation and fusion,and three cases whose C1 pedicle height was ＜ 4 mm underwent posterior C1-C2 hook-screw fixation and fusion.Operation time,blood loss and complications were recorded.Variations in American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) grade and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) were compared before operation and at final follow-up.Position of internal implant,fracture healing and fusion were observed.Results Surgery was successful in all cases.Operation time was 145 (120-160) min,and blood loss was 200 (200-300)ml.No intraoperative injury to the vertebral artery injury,venous plexus,spine and nerve root occurred,and no cases showed ponticulus posticus after operation.Follow-up period was 24 (12-33) months.Postoperative imaging demonstrated satisfactory implant placement in all eases.Before operation,one case was rated as ASIA grade A,two as grade D and nine as grade E.One case was rated as ASIA grade A and 11 as grade E at the final follow-up.VAS was improved from preoperative 7 (6-8) points to 0(0-1) points at the final follow-up (P ＜ 0.05).Fracture healing and fusion were observed in all cases at the final follow-up.Conclusion Posterior atlantoaxial fusion for C1/C2 fractures combined with ponticulus posticus is a safe and effective procedure that can promote fracture union without increasing the risk of vertebral artery injury.