Objective To observe the effects of nerve impulses on the expression of carbonic anhydrase Ⅲ ( CAⅢ ) and its phosphatase activity, and to explore whether or not the cause of CAⅢ expressive decreased in skeletal muscles of myasthenia gravis( MG) is resulted from the obstruction of nerve impulse.Methods The motor nerves of extensor digitorum longus (EDL, mainly composed by fast fibers) and soleus (Sol, mainly composed by slow fibers) were cut off by operation of denervation.Levels and phosphatase activities of CAⅢ were analyzed at 7, 14, 28, and 56 d after denervation by Western blot and specific enzyme staining on the membrane following SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, respectively.Results (1) Levels of CAⅢ in Sol of normal side (eg denervated contralateral) were much higher than that in EDL of normal side, and the levels in both Sol and EDL had an enhanced tendency with time (age) increase, especially for Sol.After denervation, the levels of CAⅢ in EDL were gradual increased, however, the level in Sol was 14 d after denervation as the boundary of ascension and then decline.( 2) The phosphatase activities of CAⅢ in Sol of normal sides were much higher than that in EDL of normal sides, and there were an enhanced tendency with time (age) increase in Sol, but no significant changes were found in EDL The enzyme activities in denervated Sol were lower(in the 14, 28, and 56 days after denervation: 14.39 ±1.93, 11.48 ±1.46, 9.04 ±1.46) much than their contralaterals(22.75 ± 1.80, 25.26 ±3.15, 25.82 ± 2.97; t = 0.002, 0.005, 0.002, all P ＜ 0.05), the enzyme activities in denervated EDL were also lower than their contralaterals, however, no significant differences were found.(3)It was consistent for CAⅢ levels and phosphatase activities in both Sol and EDL of normal sides.After denervation, however, the deviation of the CAⅢ levels and phosphatase activities happened, the levels of CAⅢ were increased, but the phosphatase activities were decreased.Conclusions The effect of nerve impulse transferring obstructed by denervation on CAⅢ expression of skeletal muscles is different from that by MG auto-antibody.The decrease of CAⅢ protein in the MG muscles may be not resulted from the nerve impulse transferring obstructed by MG auto-antibody.

Objective To investigate the effect of hydroxyethyl starch (HES 130/0. 4) on the expression of aquaporin 1 (AQP-1) and liver injury in rats with severe acute pancreatitis(SAP).Methods Forty-eight male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: Sham, SAP, and HES;each group was divided into 6 hour and 24 hour timepoints, with 8 in each subgroup. An SAP model was induced by injecting 5% sodium taurodeoxycholate into the biliary pancreatic duct. AMY, ALT,AST and water content in the liver were measured and TNF-a was examined by ELISA, and the expression of liver AQP-1mRNA was determined by RT-PCR, and the expression of liver AQP-Ⅰ protein was evaluated by immunohistochemical methods. Results Compared with the Sham group, the level of AMY, ALT, AST, TNF-a, water content, AQP-1mRNA and AQP-1 protein increased significantly in the SAP group (P＜0.05). Compared with the SAP group, the level of AMY, ALT, AST,TNF-a, water content, AQP-1mRNA and AQP-1 protein decreased significantly in the HES group (P＜0.05). At 6 hours, the expressions of liver AQP-1mRNA were (0. 402 ± 0. 023), (0. 811 ±0. 032) and (0. 595 ± 0. 015) in the Sham, SAP, and HES groups, respectively; at 24 hours, they were(0. 412 ± 0. 017), ( 0. 823 ± 0. 029) and (0. 607 ± 0. 021 ), with significant differences between each group (P＜0. 05). At 6 hours, the expressions of liver AQP-1 proteins were (2.07±0.25),(6.90±0.38)and (4.48±0.29) in the Sham, SAP and HES groups, respectively;at 24 hours, they were (2. 32±0. 31 ), (7. 04 ± 0. 32) and (4. 56 ± 0. 35), with significant differences between each group (P＜0. 05). Compared with the SAP group, the pathology of the pancreas and liver ameliorated significantly in the HES group. Conclusions Hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 may ameliorate liver injury of severe acute pancreatitis and alleviate the capillary leak. AQP-1 may play a role in the capillary leak caused by the liver injury of severe acute pancreatitis.

Bacillus anthracis , the aetiological agent of anthrax, was the first discovered pathogenic bacterium in history Rapid progresses have been made on this field in recent years, especially; Bacillus anthracis has been sequenced successesfully early this year and published on the Internet The anthrax pathogenesis is always central to the study and there has been an enormous amount of work to elucidate it In this review, we will focus on the latest findings that concern three aspects of anthrax pathogenesis: Bacillus anthracis genome, pathogenic substances and pathogenesis mechanism

In recent years, synthetic lethality of PARP [poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase] inhibition in cancers with BRCA1 (breast cancer susceptibility gene 1) and BRCA2 mutations appears to provide a novel, efficient and safe antitumor strategy. It was hypothesized that the mechanism underlying this new antitumor strategy was the inhibition of DNA damage repair leading to cell death. Since the synthetic lethality was confirmed in breast cancer cells by PARP inhibitor intervention, many highly selective and sensitive PARP inhibitors have been developed and applied in clinical trials. Although the effectiveness of PARP inhibitor used as a single agent can be reached in breast cancer and ovarian cancer with BRCA1 / BRCA2 mutation, it is generally advised to use PARP inhibitors in combination with chemotherapeutic agents or radiation therapy. This review is focused on the recent progress in clinical antitumor therapy with PARP inhibitors in combination with common chemotherapeutic agents. Copyright © 2013 by TUMOR.

Objectives: To estimate the value of magnetic susceptibility-weighted imaging (MSWI) in the pathologic grading of gliomas. Materials: Sixty patients with confirmed gliomas proved by pathological examination were prospectively examined. They were scanned by magnetic resonance (MR) turbo spin echo (TSE) T1-weighted imaging (WI) and dual fast low angle shot (FLASH)-T2* WI imaging with TE of 15 and 35 ms, respectively. The difference in the magnetic susceptibility artifact (MSA) induced by the various sequences was compared. The correlation of MSA [number, maximal diameter, and signal to noise ratio (SNR)] with WHO pathological grade and Ki-7 values were analyzed. Results: Multiplicity rank sum test and variance analysis indicated that there was a statistical difference in MSA between the three sequences, 15-ms FLASH-T2* WI, 35-ms FLASH-T2* WI, and TSE (χ 2 = 21.331, P = 0.001; F = 44.517 and 6.839,P <0.001). Pearson correlation analysis suggested that WHO pathological grade correlated with MSA parameters including number, maximal diameter and SNR (r =0.737, 0.624 and -0.528, P =0.000); the expression level of Ki-67 also correlated with MSA parameters including number, maximal diameter and SNR (r = 0.687, 0.577, and -0.533, P = 0.000). Conclusions: MSWI is helpful in the evaluation of preoperative pathologic grade of brain gliomas. MSA produced by longer TE FLASH (35 ms) is better than that produced by shorter TE FLASH (15 ms) to evaluate the pathologic grade of brain gliomas.

Objective: To study the effects of Amorphophallus konjac refined powder combined with minimal flavonids on antioxidation , serum lipids and body weight in rats .Method: Wistar rats were divided into four groups fed with different diets, and then antioxidative ability of blood and liver, levels of serum lipids and body weight were detected and analysed in rats. Results: Konjac refined powder combined with Ginkgo biloba flavonids could decrease MDA content and increase activities of SOD and GSH-Px significantly, and also reduce serum TC, LDL-C, TG levels, improve HDL-C level in rats. As to antiobesity, no notable difference was found .Conclusion: Combined with flavonids, the antioxidation of Konjac food is improved significantly, and serum lipids level is decreased, but antiobesity effect is in-significant.

Heavy chain antibodies (HcAb) without light chains are naturally produced by camelids.The single domain antigen-binding fragment of HcAb is referred to as VHH or nanobody (Nb),which is the smallest antigen-binding entity at present.Several characteristics such as low molecular weight,high stability,and low immunogenicity make the use of nanobodies superior to the conventional antibodies.Currently,nanobodies are highly valuable antibodies for various applications,including fundamental research,diagnostics,and therapeutics.A variety of nanobodies are investigated in clinical researches.The recent progresses of heterologous expression of nanobodies in seven expression systems,including Gram-negative and positive bacteria,yeasts,filamentous fungi,insect cells,mammalian cells and plant cells were focused on,and the expression systems,hosts,characteristics of vectors,construction of vectors and yield of nanobodies were summarized.The strategies to increase the yield of nanobodies are discussed from molecular level,expression level and rational design.

Objective To compare the efficacy of acrossing the injured vertebra percutaneous pedicle screw fixation and traditional open surgery for Magerl A thoracolumbar fractures.Methods Retrospective analysis 56 patients with single segmental Magerl A thoracolumbar fractures without neurological symptoms were stabilized,including percutaneous fixation in 26 cases and open fixation in 30 cases.The operation time,intraoperative,blood loss,incision length,sagittal Cobb angle,height of injured vertebral,VAS,ODI,were compared between 2 groups.Results The precutaneous group less surgical blood loss,incision length and postoperative go to the fields time than the open group (P ＜ 0.05).There were improvements in Cobb angle and anterior height in two groups (P ＜ 0.05).The precutaneous group had lower VAS and ODI scores postoperation (P ＜ 0.05).The fracture vertebral front height and Cobb angle had significantly loss at final follow up than on the third day postoperation (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The percutaneous pedicle screw fixation can achieve similar effect in the treatment of Magerl A thoracolumbar fractures without neurological symptoms than open surgery,with less iatrogenic injury,less intraoperative blood loss and quick recovery for patients.

In this study, a spectrophotometric detection method for diethylstilbestrol (DES) was proposed by reducing silver nitrate (AgNO3) to obtain silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in the medium of ammonia and sodium hydroxide. It was found that the resulting AgNPs have plasmon resonance absorption (PRA) characteristic at 415 nm, and the PRA is proportional to the increase of DES concentration in the range of 4.0×10-8-1.0×10-5M with the detection limit (3σ) of 1.2×10-7M. Most of the coexisting substances at high concentrations did not affect the detection of real samples, such as tablets. The recovery was in the range of 96.01%-107.41% and the RSD was lower than 4.7%. This method can be successfully applied to control preparation quality of DES.

Objective To analyze the different procedures and their clinical effects on treatment for pan-creatic pseudocyst( PPC) .Methods The management and outcome of 78 patients with PPC from Jan.2002 to Jun.2012 were retrospectively analyzed.Results 20 patients underwent conservative treatment and the pseudo-cysts absorbed spontaneously during follow up.Invasive procedures were performed in 58 cases, including percu-taneous catheter drainage in 3 cases with 1 postoperative pancreatic leakage and 1 postoperative pancreatic ab-scess;PPC external drainage in 5 cases with 2 postoperative pancreatic leakage and 1 postoperative bleeding;pancreatic pseudocyst stomach anastomosis in 15 cases with 1 postoperative gastrointestinal bleeding;Roux-en-Y cystjejunostomy in 29 cases with 2 gastrointestinal bleeding;cystduodenostomy in 2 cases;pancreatic pseudocyst excision in 2 cases with 1 postoperative pancreatic leakage; and laparoscopic cystogastrostomy in 2 cases.Con-clusions At present, there are various treatment options for pancreatic pseudocyst and it is necessary to choose treatment strategy according to patient's condition.Internal drainage is still the primary option of surgical proce-dures in treatment for pancreatic pseudocyst.