Energy expenditures of 30 preschool children (with one half of males) randomized from 181 subjects aged from 5 to 6 in the same kindergarten were carefully measured by indirect method and respiratory chamber, including 21 items of activities and a total follow-up time-motion estimations was also made.The lowest energy expenditure in daily activity was the item of while asleep 0.709 kcal.m-2. min-1, physical exercise was at the middle 1.851 kcal .m-2. min-1, and the rapid running was the highest 4.762 kcal.m-2.min-1. A total average energy expenditure in 24 hours estimated was 1049.08 to 1177.66 kcal/day. The results were discussed.

OBJECTIVE:To study the enzyme kinetics of six specific substrates of cytochrome P450 enzymes. METHODS: The transforming amount of the corresponding metabolites of six substrates was determined by LC-MS/MS. The incubation conditions of substrates in human liver microsomes were optimized and the parameters of enzyme kinetics were calculated based on substrate concentration-reaction velocity curve. RESULTS: The optimal incubation time was 20 min and the optimal enzyme concentration was 0.25 mg protein?mL-1. The Km(?mol?L-1) values of phenacetin, tolbutamide, omeprazole, dextromethorphan,chlorzoxazone and nifedipine were 21.6,163.4,10.4,4.6,41.9 and 9.4 respectively. The Vmax (nmol?min-1?mg protein-1) values were 2.08, 0.52, 1.02, 0.40, 2.36 and 1.00 respectively. CONCLUSION: The enzyme kinetics of six specific substrates of cytochrome P450 enzymes has been investigated in this study, and the study serves as a reference and support for the study and application of substrates in CYP.

The high morbidity and mortality of pulmonary carcinoma,especially in male patient,are still the unsolved problems. Recently,more and more reports showed that gene therapy could have potential application in the treatment of the disease. In this article,some progresses in the gene therapy of pulmonary carcinoma, such as tumor suppressor gene,drug sensitive gene,antisense gene,multi-drug resistance gene,immune gene as well as anti-angiogenesis gene, were discussed.

Atherosclerosis ; complications ; Fatty Liver ; complications ; Humans ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

The author reviewed the toxicity and complications of tumor radiotherapy and chemotherapy from the aspects of etiology,pathogenesis and differential treatment of TCM

Objective To explore the home-made U-shaped retractor ’ s effect on reducing the traction injury of recurrent laryngeal nerve in the video-assistance thyroidectomy . Methods The patients with unilateral and unifocal papillary thyroid microcarcinoma , which were diagnosed by ultrasound preparation and by pathological postoperation , were enrolled .They all underwent the ipdilateral lobectomy , isthmus resection and the clearance of central lymph nodes with video-assistance technology .From January 2013 to June 2014, 79 cases ( control group ) were received conventional method , by which the thyroid lobe was elevated onto the trachea surface.From January 2015 to March 2016, 71 cases (U-shaped group) accepted the procedure which adopted home-made U-shaped retractor to pull the thyroid lobe to carotid artery horizontally .The operations were completed by the same surgeon .There were no significant differences between the two groups in age , gender and lesion size , which is comparable .The incidence rate of hoarseness was compared postoperation . Results Postoperative hoarseness of the U-shaped group occurred in 6 cases (8.5%) and the control group in 17 cases (21.5%), which show a significantly statistical difference (χ2 =4.919, P=0.027).And there was no significant difference in voice recovery time [median:16.5 d (8-31 d) vs.18 d (4-50 d), Z=-0.246, P=0.806]. Conclusion In the video-assisted thyroidectomy , using the U-shaped retractor to pull the thyroid lobe laterally and horizontally will be beneficial to reduce the recurrent laryngeal nerve tension and the incidence of the retract injury .

Objective To study and analyze the effect of amlodipine besylate and amlodipine besylate in the treatment of hypertension. Methods 100 patients with hypertension treated in our hospital from January 2015 to December 2016 were selected and randomly divided into two groups, the control group and the experimental group, with 50 patients in each group. The control group was treated with amlodipine besylate, and the patients in the experimental group were treated with amlodipine besylate and amlodipine besylate. The therapeutic effects of the experimental group and the control group were compared and analyzed. Results After the corresponding treatment, the experimental group of 50 cases, the total effective number of 44 cases, 6 patients invalid, the total effective rate was 88%. In the control group of 50 cases, the total effective number was 37 cases, 13 cases were invalid, the total effective rate was 74%. The treatment effect of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group, with statistical difference (P<0.05). There were 5 cases of adverse reactions in the experimental group, 3 patients had facial flushing, and 2 patients suffered from pain. The incidence was 10%. The number of adverse reactions in the control group was 12 cases, ankle edema occurred in 5 patients, and headache occurred in 7 patients, with a rate of 24%. The rate of adverse reactions in the control group was significantly higher than that in the experimental group, with statistical difference (P<0.05). Conclusion Amlodipine and Levamlodipine besylate in treatment of hypertension can improve the treatment efficiency to a great extent, high safety, low probability of adverse reactions, with further clinical promotion and application significance.

Objective To illustrate the relationship between the temporary alteration of renal functions of rats with obstructive jaundice due to ischemia reperfusion injury(RI) and lipid peroxidation and the expression of heat shock protein 70 in rat kidney. Methods Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups of sham operation group(S group), sham operation and renal RI group(SRI group), common bile duct ligation group(J group), common bile duct ligation and renal RI group(JRI group). One week after bile duct ligation, rat bilateral renal arteries were transiently occluded for 10 minutes. The variations of renal function were observed at different time phases after renal reperfusion. Simultaneously, the expression of heat shock protein 70 in kidney was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Results In JRI group, endogenous creatinine clearance rate(Ccr) decreased progressively along with the prolongation of the duration of reperfusion. In J and JRI groups, the level of malondealdehyde(MDA) in renal tissue increased but superoxide dismutase(SOD) decreased. In JRI group, the expression of heat shock protein 70 reached its peak at the 4th hour after reperfusion and began to decrease at the 12 th hour and became lowest at the 24 th hour. No expression of HSP70 was found in other groups. Conclusion The sensitivity of rat kidneys with obstructive jaundice to ischemia reperfusion injury is significantly elevated. Ischemia reperfusion injury, as well as lipid oxidative stress, may be involved in acute renal failure(ARF) after obstructive jaundice surgery. The expression of heat shock protein 70 is a protective response to RI.

Objective To observe the effects of psychological rehabilitation on depression,quality of sleep and ability in the activities of daily living (ADL) of patients with spinal cord injury (SCI).Methods Sixty patients with SCI were randomly divided into a treatment group (n =30) and a control group (n =30).The control group was treated for the rehabilitation of limb function; the treatment group was treated with psychological rehabilitation in combination with conventional rehabilitation.The Hamilton depression scale (HAMD),the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) and the modified Barthel index (MBI) were used to assess depression,quality of sleep and ADL ability.Results Depression,ADL ability and quality of sleep in both groups all improved significantly after treatment,but the effect in the treatment group was significantly superior to that of the control group.Conclusion Patients with SCI treated for rehabilitation of limb function in combination with psychological rehabilitation can significantly improve depression,quality of sleep and ADL ability.

Objective To understand the experimentnl resluts and the advance in gene therapy for restenosis of the vessel. Method Literature review was made on gene therapy for restenosis directly at cytotoxic, cell cycle regulators, intracellular signal transducers, transcription factors, cytokines growth factors, nitric oxide and Fas ligand. Results cytotoxic gene therapy by thymidine kinase and cytosine deaminase, mutant retinoblastoma protein (Rb), cyclin-dependent kinases(cdk) inhibitors (such as p21 p27 and p53), antisense basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) blocking intracellular signal transduce by A-Raf and C-Raf, antisense Ag ??, promoting NO, ?-nterferon, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), ? chain synthesize suppressing nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB) overexpression of gax and Fas ligand can inhibit restenosis of the vessel. Conclusions The effect of gene therapy for restenosis of the vessed is obvious in experimental studies. Conbination of more gene and several links gene therapy is the research direction in the future.