Objective:To analyze characteristics of and distribution of pathogenic fungi in patients with tinea capitis in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from 2010 to 2018.Methods:Clinical data were collected from 122 tinea capitis patients with positive fungal culture results in Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from 2010 to 2018, and retrospectively analyzed. Fungal culture was carried out, and lactophenol cotton blue staining was performed for morphological identification of the fungal isolates.Results:Of the 122 patients with tinea capitis, 112 (91.8%) were children, including 70 (62.5%) males and 42 (37.5%) females, and there were 58 (51.79%) preschool children and 37 (33.04%) school-age children; 9 (7.38%) were adults, including 7 females and 2 males; 66 (54.1%) were of Uygur nationality, 46 (37.7%) of Han nationality, 5 (4.1%) of Kazakh nationality, 3 (2.46%) of Hui nationality, 1 (0.82%) of Mongolian nationality, and 1 of unknown nationality. The annual number of cases of tinea capitis was more than 20 from 2011 to 2013, and gradually decreased year by year from 2014 (≤ 13 cases/year) . All the patients were infected with a single fungal strain, and a total of 122 strains were identified, including 46 (37.7%) strains of Microsporum ferrugineum, 44 (36.07%) strains of Microsporum canis, 10 (8.2%) strains of Trichophyton violaceum, 9 (7.38%) strains of Trichophyton schoenleini, 6 (4.91%) strains of Trichophyton tonsurans, 4 (3.28%) strains of Trichophyton mentagrophytes, 3 (2.46%) strains of Trichophyton verrucosum. Microsporum ferrugineum (anthropophilic species) mostly affected patients of Uygur nationality (34 cases, 73.91%) , and Microsporum canis (zoophilic species) mostly affected patients of Han nationality (26 cases, 59.09%) . Conclusion:In the Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from 2010 to 2018, tinea capitis commonly affected male children of Uygur nationality, and Microsporum ferrugineum and Microsporum canis were the dominant pathogenic species.