Noncompaction ventricular myocardium is an unusual cause of cardiomyopathy. It is association with congenital heart defects, most often with outflow obstructive lesions or coronary anomalies. However, no factor could explain the arrest of development of myocardial structure (isolated form). The pathogenesis of isolated noncompaction is thought to be an arrest in endomyocardial morphogenesis. It has been reported that myocardial noncompaction could present as acquired disease. The most common site of involvement is the left ventricle, with right ventricular involvement being reported in a few cases. In this report, we present a case with noncompaction of the right ventricle (RV). Cardiac computed tomography angiography and magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated morphological abnormalities of the RV.
Angiography ; Cardiomyopathies ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Heart Ventricles* ; Isolated Noncompaction of the Ventricular Myocardium ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Morphogenesis ; Multidetector Computed Tomography ; Myocardium*

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently the most common chronic liver disease worldwide. Along with the increase in the incidence of NAFLD and associated obesity, an increase in gallbladder disease (GD) has been noted. This has led to the identification of a new disease entity called fatty GD. There is a gap in the literature on the dynamics of gallbladder function in patients with NAFLD. METHODS: An observational case-control study, a total of 50 patients with biopsy proven NAFLD without gallbladder stone/sludge and 38 healthy comparison subjects were enrolled. Fasting, postprandial gallbladder volumes (PGV), gallbladder ejection fraction (GEF), and fasting gallbladder wall thickness (FGWT) were measured by real-time 2-dimensional ultrasonography. RESULTS: Fasting gallbladder wall thickness, fasting gallbladder volumes and PGV were significantly higher in patients with NAFLD than control subjects (P < 0.001, P = 0.006, and P < 0.001, respectively). Gallbladder ejection fraction was significantly lower in the NAFLD group than the controls (P = 0.008). The presence of NAFLD was an independent predictor for GEF, PGV, and FGWT. Also, steatosis grade was an independent predictor for GEF, and GEF was significantly lower in the nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) subgroup than the controls. CONCLUSIONS: Gallbladder dysfunction and increase in gallbladder wall thickness exists in asymptomatic (without stone/sludge and related symptoms) patients with NAFLD and are useful in identifying fatty GD. Measurement of these variables in NAFLD patients may be useful in identifying those at higher risk for GD.
Biopsy ; Case-Control Studies ; Fasting ; Gallbladder Diseases ; Gallbladder* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Liver Diseases ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease* ; Obesity ; Ultrasonography

This paper reports a presumptive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2) infection in a cat. A cat with respiratory disease living with three individuals with coronavirus disease 2019 showed bilateral ground-glass opacities in the lung on X-ray and computed tomography. The clinical swabs were negative for SARS-CoV-2 RNA, but the serum was positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Interstitial pneumonia and prominent type 2 pneumocyte hyperplasia were noted on histopathology. Respiratory tissues were negative for SARS-CoV-2 RNA or antigen, but the cat was positive for feline parvovirus DNA. In conclusion, the respiratory disease and associated pathology in this cat could have been due to exposure to SARS-CoV-2.