No abstract available.
Calcinosis/*ultrasonography ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Thyroid Neoplasms/*pathology/*ultrasonography ; Thyroid Nodule/*pathology/*ultrasonography

PURPOSE: This study aimed to verify the efficacy and safety of intravesical treatment with sodium chondroitin sulfate (CS) in patients with overactive bladder (OAB) who are refractory to previous antimuscarinic treatment. METHODS: This study was performed between June 2012 and January 2015 and included 31 consecutive women (mean age, 42.10+/-7.34 years) with OAB who had been previously treated with two types of antimuscarinic drugs. The results of gynecologic and cystoscopic examinations were normal, and OAB comorbidity was absent. Treatment with intravesical instillations containing 40 mL CS (0.2%; 2 mg/mL) was administered for 6 weeks; after weekly treatments, monthly treatments were administered. The OAB-validated 8 (OAB-V8) symptom scores, nocturia, frequency, urgency, urge incontinence, and urinary volumes measured by uroflowmetry were evaluated for all the patients. The values obtained before the treatment were statistically compared with those obtained six months after the treatment. RESULTS: The duration of the symptoms was 18.36+/-6.19 months. A statistically significant improvement of the patients' conditions was observed in terms of the OAB-V8 symptom scores, nocturia, frequency, urgency, urge incontinence, and urinary volumes measured by uroflowmetry after the treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the limitations of this study, the outcomes confirmed that CS therapy is safe and effective for the treatment of OAB.
Administration, Intravesical ; Chondroitin Sulfates ; Chondroitin* ; Comorbidity ; Female ; Humans ; Nocturia ; Sodium* ; Urinary Bladder, Overactive* ; Urinary Incontinence, Urge

OBJECTIVE: The primary aim of this investigation was to explore the nature of dura mater biomechanics following the introduction of puncture defect(s).METHODS: Twenty-eight dura mater specimens were collected during autopsy from the department of forensic medicine of the authors' institution. Specimens were divided randomly into one of four groups : group I (cranial dura mater; n=7), group II (cranial dura mater with one puncture defect; n=7); group III (cranial dura mater with two puncture defects; n=7), and group IV (cranial dura mater with three puncture defects; n=7).RESULTS: The mean±standard deviation tensile strengths of the dura mater were 8.35±3.16, 8.22±3.32, 7.13±1.77, and 6.94±1.93 MPa for groups I, II, III, and IV, respectively. There was no statistical difference between all groups. A single, two or more punctures of the dura mater using a 20-gauge Quincke needle did not affect cranial dura tensile strength.CONCLUSION: This biomechanical study may contribute to the future development of artificial dura mater substitutes and medical needles that have a lower negative impact on the biomechanical properties of dura mater.
Autopsy ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Dura Mater ; Forensic Medicine ; In Vitro Techniques ; Needles ; Punctures ; Tensile Strength

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the biomechanical differences between human dura mater and dura mater substitutes to optimize biomimetic materials.METHODS: Four groups were investigated. Group I used cranial dura mater (n=10), group II used Gore-Tex® Expanded Cardiovascular Patch (W.L. Gore & Associates Inc., Flagstaff, AZ, USA) (n=6), group III used Durepair® (Medtronic Inc., Goleta, CA, USA) (n=6), and group IV used Tutopatch® (Tutogen Medical GmbH, Neunkirchen am Brand, Germany) (n=6). We used an axial compression machine to measure maximum tensile strength.RESULTS: The mean tensile strengths were 7.01±0.77 MPa for group I, 22.03±0.60 MPa for group II, 19.59±0.65 MPa for group III, and 3.51±0.63 MPa for group IV. The materials in groups II and III were stronger than those in group I. However, the materials in group IV were weaker than those in group I.CONCLUSION: An important dura mater graft property is biomechanical similarity to cranial human dura mater. This biomechanical study contributed to the future development of artificial dura mater substitutes with biomechanical properties similar to those of human dura mater.
Biomimetic Materials ; Collagen ; Dura Mater ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Mechanics ; Pericardium ; Polytetrafluoroethylene ; Tensile Strength ; Transplants

AIM: To investigate how body temperature (BT) affects choroidal thickness (CT) according to measurements taken with enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT).METHODS: In this prospective study, the CT of 41 healthy patients was measured hourly from 9∶00 to 17∶00 at the fovea (SF-CT), 500 μm nasal to the fovea(N-CT), and 500 μm temporal to the fovea (T-CT) using EDI-OCT.BT was also measured hourly from 9∶00 to 17∶00 using a non-contact infrared thermometer.Possible correlations between diurnal variations of CT and BT were evaluated.RESULTS: SF-CT values significantly differed between measurements at 9∶00 and 13∶00 (P=0.021), 9∶00 and 14∶00 (P=0.012), 9∶00 and 16∶00 (P=0.048), and 9∶00 and 17∶00 (P=0.002).N-CT values also significantly differed between measurements at 9∶00 and 13∶00 (P=0.004), though T-CT did not significantly vary during the 8h period (P >0.05 for all).CONCLUSION: CT is not significantly associated with hourly changes in BT from 9∶00 to 17∶00.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study to investigate the normal values of erythropoietin (EPO) and neuroprotective effects of quercetin and mannitol on EPO and hematocrit levels after acute severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) in rat model. METHODS: A weight-drop impact acceleration model of TBI was used on 40 male Wistar rats. The animals were divided into sham (group I), TBI (group II), TBI+quercetin (50 mg/kg intravenously) (group III), and TBI+mannitol (1 mg/kg intravenously) (group IV) groups. The malondialdehyde, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, EPO, and hematocrit levels were measured 1 and 4 hour after injury. Two-way repeated measures analysis of variance and Tukey's test were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The malondialdehyde levels decreased significantly after administration of quercetin and mannitol compared with those in group II. Catalase and glutathione peroxidase levels increased significantly in groups III and IV. Serum EPO levels decreased significantly after mannitol but not after quercetin administration. Serum hematocrit levels did not change significantly after quercetin and mannitol administration 1 hour after trauma. However, mannitol administration decreased serum hematocrit levels significantly after 4 hour. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that quercetin may be a good alternative treatment for TBI, as it did not decrease the EPO levels.
Acceleration ; Animals ; Brain Injuries* ; Catalase ; Erythropoietin* ; Glutathione Peroxidase ; Hematocrit ; Humans ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; Mannitol* ; Models, Animal ; Neuroprotective Agents ; Quercetin* ; Rats* ; Rats, Wistar ; Reference Values

BACKGROUND: Cerebral ischemia is as a result of insufficient cerebral blood flow for cerebral metabolic functions. Resveratrol is a natural phytoalexin that can be extracted from grape's skin and had potent role in treating the cerebral ischemia. Apoptosis, a genetically programmed cellular event which occurs after ischemia and leads to biochemical and morphological changes in cells. There are some useful markers for apoptosis like Bcl-2, bax, and p53. The last reports, researchers verify the apoptosis with early markers like Annexin V. METHODS: We preferred in this experimental study a model of global cerebral infarction which was induced by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion method. Rats were randomly divided into 4 groups : sham, ischemia-reperfusion (I/R), I/R plus 20 mg/kg resveratrol and I/R plus 40 mg/kg resveratrol. Statistical analysis was performed using Sigmastat 3.5 ve IBM SPSS Statistics 20. We considered a result significant when p<0.001. RESULTS: After administration of resveratrol, Bcl-2 and Annexin levels were significantly increased (p<0.001). Depending on the dose of resveratrol, Bcl2 levels increased, p53 levels decreased but Annexin V did not effected. P53 levels were significantly increased in ishemia group, so apoptosis is higher compared to other groups. CONCLUSION: In the acute period, Annexin V levels misleading us because the apoptotic cell counts could not reach a certain level. Therefore we should support our results with bcl-2 and p53.
Animals ; Annexin A5* ; Apoptosis ; Brain Ischemia* ; Brain* ; Carotid Artery, Common ; Cell Count ; Cerebral Infarction ; Ischemia ; Neuroprotective Agents* ; Rats* ; Reperfusion Injury* ; Reperfusion* ; Skin

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The relationship between QT prolongation and myocardial ischemia is widely known. Due to the limited value of ST depression, we aimed to evaluate, by using four simpler heart rate corrections (Bazett, Framingham, Fridericia and Hodges), the value of maximal exercise-QTc prolongation in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD) presence and severity. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We enrolled 234 subjects (mean age 57.3+/-9 years, 143 men) who had undergone exercise testing and coronary angiography due to a suspicion of CAD in the study. Evaluating CAD severity with Gensini scoring, the CAD group (n=122) and controls with non-CAD were compared in terms of corrected QT duration at maximal exercise. RESULTS: Age, gender, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, exercise duration, resting, and peak heart rate were similar between the two groups (all p>0.05). The CAD group had higher raw QT values than the controls {268 (169-438) vs. 240 (168-348), p<0.001}. Although Framingham QTc of > or =350 ms and Fridericia QTc of > or =340 ms were seen to be useful for the diagnosis of CAD, there was no additive diagnostic value of exercise QTc in addition to ST depression. Maximal exercise-QTc Bazett (r=0.163, p=0.01), Framingham (r=0.239, p=0.001), and Fridericia (r=0.206, p=0.001) equations were weakly positively correlated with Gensini scoring. CONCLUSION: The patients with CAD have longer QTc intervals at peak heart rates during exercise. This finding provides insufficient evidence to support routine incorporation of QTc at peak heart rates into exercise test interpretation.
Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Artery Disease* ; Dyslipidemias ; Exercise Test* ; Heart Rate* ; Heart ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Smoking

Objective: : The aim of our study is to investigate the cytotoxic, antioxidant, and antimicrobial effects of newly synthesized boron compounds in U87MG glioblastoma cell treatment. Methods: : We synthesized boron glycine monoester (BGM) and boron glycine diester (BGD) structures containing boron atoms and determined their cytotoxic activities on glioblastoma by the MTT method. The IC50 value was calculated with GraphPad Prism 5.0 program. The IC50 values were administered 48 hours on U87MG glioblastoma cell. Catalase (CAT), acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzyme activity, malondialdehyde (MDA), total glutathione (GSH), and total protein levels were detected using spectrophotometric methods. We determined the antimicrobial activities of BGM and BGD with the disc diffusion method. Results: : After 48 hours of BGM and BGD application to U87MG glioblastoma cells, we found the IC50 value as 6.6 mM and 26 mM, respectively. CAT and ACP enzyme activities were decreased in BGM and BGD groups. MDA which is a metabolite of lipid peroxidation was increased in both boron compounds groups. GSH level was reduced especially in BGD group. BGM and BGD have been found to be antimicrobial effects. Conclusion : Boron compounds, especially the BGM, can provide a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of glioblastoma with their anticancer, antioxidant, and antimicrobial effects.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the performance of a deep learning system for permanent tooth germ detection on pediatric panoramic radiographs. Materials and Methods: In total, 4518 anonymized panoramic radiographs of children between 5 and 13 years of age were collected. YOLOv4, a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based object detection model, was used to automatically detect permanent tooth germs. Panoramic images of children processed in LabelImg were trained and tested in the YOLOv4 algorithm. True-positive, false-positive, and false-negative rates were calculated. A confusion matrix was used to evaluate the performance of the model. Results: The YOLOv4 model, which detected permanent tooth germs on pediatric panoramic radiographs, provided an average precision value of 94.16% and an F1 value of 0.90, indicating a high level of significance. The average YOLOv4 inference time was 90 ms. Conclusion The detection of permanent tooth germs on pediatric panoramic X-rays using a deep learning-based approach may facilitate the early diagnosis of tooth deficiency or supernumerary teeth and help dental practitioners find more accurate treatment options while saving time and effort.