We investigated electroclinical features in patients with symptomatic or cryptogenic generalized epilepsies except for West syndrome. They were divided into a tonic group and a myoclonic group. As a result these groups exhibited different features with some overlap between them. They included Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, severe epilepsy with multiple independent spike foci (SE-MISF), Doose syndrome and other unclassifi ed cases. Thus the boundary between these epilepsy syndromes is sometimes blurred. In patients with SE-MISF, main seizure types were minor generalized seizures though the main EEG fi ndings were multifocal spikes. The role of both cortical and subcortical mechanisms in the occurrence of symptomatic generalized epilepsies should be further clarifi ed.

BACKGROUND: There have been several reports on neonates with milk allergy in a neonatal ward. This type of allergy is mostly categorized as a non-IgE-mediated food allergy. Although most cases of milk allergy occur in the first few months of life, the differences in clinical characteristics between premature and full-term neonates are still unclear. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to clarify the differences in clinical characteristics of milk allergy between premature and full-term neonates. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated 2,116 neonates admitted to the Department of Neonatology, Chiba Kaihin Municipal Hospital, between 2001 and 2007. RESULTS: We identified 24 neonates strongly suspected of having milk allergy because of symptoms, such as bloody stools, repeated vomiting, diminished sucking and abdominal distension, as well as objective laboratory findings of eosinophilia in stool cytology and/or positive results for a rectal milk challenge test. Twelve of these 24 neonates were premature (median gestational age, 31 ± 3 weeks; median birth weight, 1,656 ± 592 g) and the other 12 were full-term (median gestational age, 38 ± 1 weeks; median birth weight, 2,760 ± 560 g). There were no differences in symptoms and time to start of feeding between premature and full-term neonates, but there was a significant difference in the median postnatal age at onset (premature neonates: 23 days; vs. full-term neonates: 3.5 days; p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: All premature neonates developed a milk allergy after 32 weeks of corrected gestational age, suggesting that the development of milk allergy requires a certain degree of immunological maturation.
Age of Onset ; Birth Weight ; Eosinophilia ; Food Hypersensitivity ; Gestational Age ; Hospitals, Municipal ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Newborn ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Milk Hypersensitivity ; Milk ; Neonatology ; Retrospective Studies ; Vomiting