The manual cutting is still applied in the Small and Medium Industries (SMI) especially in cutting the Cyperaceae plant. One of the varieties is “Fimbristylis Globulosa (Mendong)”. This plant is used as a raw material to manufacture the handicraft. The process is commenced with chopping the plant by using a manual tool. However, the existing tool still causes some complains where 90% of users experienced discomfort and unsafe in the use. The tool is also not effective and efficient for cutting. Thus, it is significant to improve the better cutting tools. This objective of this study is to design the innovative and ergonomic cutting tools for satisfying user requirements. The survey was done to identify some discomfort. The participatory ergonomic method is applied to determine the specification of design on basis anthropometry data of users. Non-parametric statistical analysis is conducted to test the hypothesis. The results of this study show that the developed design is a valid to reduce the risk of work-related musculoskeletal disorders and more comfort and safer at 5% of the significant levels where the proposed design specification used electric motor system and pneumatic system.

Cybersickness is one of the psycho-physiological responses affecting human performances when it is interacting with Virtual Environment. Virtual Environment (VE) is an advanced technological model generated by computer which allows users feel the real-life presence like that in the real environment. However the repetitive exposure to VE causes sickness, especially the eyestrain when the eyes are forced to make an accommodation and focus on the virtual object. This symptom can be identified on the eye’s movement and the eyes muscle contraction. Thus, it is considered significant to evaluate the contraction of eye’s muscle. The objective of this study is to analyse the eyestrain in the constant use of smartphone for playing the war game. Empirical study was conducted to gather the relevant data. Ten subjects, who were familiar with the war game, were involved in this study. Electromyography (EMG) was used to record the signal of muscle contraction on lateral eyes muscle. Statistical analysis was conducted to test the hypothesis. The result of this study showed that there was a significant difference in visual acuity between normal brightness and 0% brightness and 100% brightness of smartphone while sitting in operating. There was also significant difference in visual acuity between the normal brightness 0%, 50%, and 100% of brightness depending on the lying down position. As for the higher contraction on lateral rectus muscle of the eyes occurred in lying down position than in sitting position at any level of brightness.

Currently, the existing toilet design sold in the market has not satisfied criteria of the disabled people. Disabled includes the physical impairment, the hearing impairment, the visual impairment, and the cognitive impairment. This people prefer use a specific toilet to the public toilet. However, a specific toilet was not available in any place. This condition becomes a problem for them. As for the existing public toilet does not provide easiness in use and even has potential risk to lead accidents for them. The toilet was designed to serves only the normal people. Therefore, it needs to design a public toilet which can be used universally. So normal and disable people can use it easily and conveniently. Objective of this research are to develop design parameters of toilet based on the inclusive design concept to satisfy customer criteria. Axiomatic design was implemented in this study to identify the design parameters by means of mapping process from customer attributes and functional requirements. Anthropometric data was used and non paramethric statistical analysis was conducted to validate the proposed design. Result of this study showed thatdesign parameters identified was valid to satisfy customer criteria at 5% of significant level. The design parameters encompassed material used, dimensions and position of toilet attributes as well as additional environmental appliances.

Display is the most important things to get information in particularly for Tourism Park. A good display will increase effectiveness and efficiency in reading as well as alleviate uncertainty on information. Thus the design should be clear and able to identify easily about the real environment. This paper develop design of display which can result in expeditious response in human information processing. Empirical study was conducted to determine reaction time as the physiological parameter of human respond by using a software developed with Java. Two categories of information used were accessibilities and public facilities. A case study is Pindul Cave Tourism where 12 male and 8 female was participated in this experiment. The result shows that response time to process the information of alternative design was 1.16 second to 1.30 second. Furthermore, design by using combination of text and symbol was easier to understand than text or symbol with 0.2 second of lapse time. There were significant differences in reaction time among colour combinations which white for background and black for object with 91% of contras value has longer time then with 74% of contras value of green for background and red for object. While the design by using large size was not more effective than other size for information display.