Acid polysaccharides in pinecone were determined quantitatively by sulfuric acid-carba zole colorimetry and the influence of amount of sulfuric acid carbazole, reaction temper ature and time forcolor-reaction were investigated. The maximum abstrption was found to be at 520nm. The absorbance was a linear function of concentrations between 0 and 7 ?g/ml acid polysaccharides (r = 0.9999, n = 7). Analytical recovcry was 91.0%～99.8% . RDS was 1.3%～2.3% (n = 6 ). The minimum detectable concentration was 0.05?g/ml.

Quantitative determination of polysaccharides in Pine cones by phenol-sulfuric acid mehod was studied. and the effects of concentration of phenol-sulfuric acid and reaction temperature on color formation were investigated. It was found that the absorbance is linearly correlated to polysaceharide concentrations between 10～78?g/ml (r=0.9999). The analytical recovery was 99.8%, CV% was 1.2% and the minimal detectable concentration was 5?g/ml.

A TLC-UV method for the determination of lignin in polysaccharides of cone of Pinus koraiensis was reported. Active lignin was obtained by acid hydrolysis,and developed on GF-254 TLC-Plate by mixed Solventof dich1oro methane-ethylether. UV absorbance of the eluate was determined at 23Onm. The concentration oflignin was linearly related to absorbance within the range of 2~70pg/ml. The recovery was 100. 2% ~ 101.4% and RSD was 6. 5 %.

Objective To compare the outcomes of bone marrow stimulation techniques-drilling by a Kirschner needle versus microfracturing technique in the treatment of small osteochondral lesions of the talus.Methods From February 2014 to June 2017,57 patients were treated at Department of Orthopaedics,Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital for small osteochondral lesions of the talus.Of them,26 were treated by arthroscopic drilling with a Kirschner needle.They were 15 males and 11 females,aged from 20 to 57 years.The areas of osteochondral lesion ranged from 0.6 to 1.4 cm2.By the Berndt & Harty classification of ankle osteochondral lesions based on X-ray films,there were 9 cases of stage Ⅰ,8 cases of stage Ⅱ,6 cases of stage Ⅲ and 3 cases of stage Ⅳ.The other 31 patients of them were treated by arthroscopic microfracturing technique.They were 17 males and 14 females,aged from 24 to 55 years.The areas of osteochondral lesion ranged from 0.5 to 1.5 cm2.By the Berndt & Harty classification of ankle osteochondral lesions based on X-ray films,there were 10 cases of stage Ⅰ,11 cases of stage Ⅱ,8 cases of stage Ⅲ and 2 cases of stage Ⅳ.The 2 groups were compared in terms of visual analogue scale (VAS),the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score,the ankle activity score (AAS) and the Berndt & Harty staging of osteochondral lesions based on ankle X-ray films at the final follow-up.Results All the 57 patients were followed up for 13 to 27 mouths.The VAS,AOFAS and AAS scores and Berndt & Harty stages at the final follow-up were significantly improved in all the patients compared with their preoperative values (P ＜ 0.05).There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in the VAS (2.2 ± 1.6 versus 2.1 ± 1.4),AOFAS (89.1 ±6.3versus 90.4±5.8) or AAS scores (6 versus 6) at the final follow-up (P ＞ 0.05).There was no significant difference between the 2 groups either in the excellent and good rate by the AOFAS ankle-hindfoot scoring [88.5％ (23/26) versus90.3％ (28/31)] at the final follow-up (x2 =0.052,P=0.820).Conclusion In the treatment of small osteochondral lesions of the talus,both arthroscopic drilling with a Kirschner needle and microfracturing technique can achieve satisfactory short-term curative effects,but the long-term effects need to be further studied.

Objective: To compare the clinical effects of autologous semitendinosus tendon and allogenic tendon arthroscopic anatomical reconstruction of anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) combined with calcaneofibular ligament (CFL) in the treatment of chronic lateral ankle instability. Methods: A retrospective analysis was made of 55 patients with chronic lateral ankle instability who underwent arthroscopic reconstruction of ATFL combined with CFL from January 2012 to June 2017. A total of 28 cases were treated with autologous semitendinosus tendon (autologous group), including 19 males and 9 females, with an average age of 28.5±8.03 years (range, 16-46 years). A total of 27 cases were treated with allogenic tendon (allogenic group), including 17 males and 10 females, with an average age of 27.48±7.89 years (range, 16-46 years). ATFL/CFL was reconstructed by the same method in both groups. The reconstruction methods were the same between the groups. The talus and calcaneus were fixed with absorbable compression nails. Results: The operation duration in the autologous group was 94.07±7.83 min, which was longer than that in the allogeneic group 63.56±7.96 min (t=14.51, P<0.001). Fever days 5.26±0.90 days in allogeneic group were longer than 2.46±0.74 days in autologous group (t=-12.55, P<0.001). Wound healing duration in allogeneic group was 13.44±3.33 days longer than that in autologous group 10.32±2.34 days (t=-4.01, P<0.001). In the autologous group, 28 cases were followed up for 34.54±16.04 months, and 27 cases in the allograft group were followed up for 42.74±17.79 months. The mean AOFAS score improved from 63.64±11.20 before operation to 90.21±4.48 after operation in the autologous group, and that improved from 63.93±10.59 before operation to 89.56±5.15 after operation in the allogeneic group with no significant difference between the two groups after operation (t=0.506, P=0.615). The mean VAS score decreased from 5.79±1.79 before operation to 1.54±1.35 after operation in the autologous group, and from 5.89±1.78 before operation to 2.04±1.32 after operation in the allogeneic group. There was no significant difference between the two groups after operation (t=-1.396, P=0.168). Tegner score increased from 4.07±1.39 to 6.43±1.14 in the autologous group and from 3.85±1.06 to 6.52±0.85 in the allogeneic group with no significant difference between the two groups after operation (t=-0.333, P=0.740). Stress radiographic showed that the talar tilt angle decreased from 15.60°±3.86° to 6.01°±2.64° in the autologous group, 16.99°±3.78° to 7.14°±3.34° in the allogeneic group, and there was no significant difference between the two groups after operation (t=-1.382, P=0.171). Anterior talar displacement reduced from 10.82±3.12 mm to 4.03±1.69 mm in the autologous group, from 10.10±2.02 mm to 4.17±1.52 mm in the allogeneic group, and there was no significant difference between the two groups after operation (t=-0.326, P=0.746). No donor tendon dysfunction was found in the autologous group. At the end of follow-up, there was no difference in ankle dorsiflexion, plantar flexion and hind foot mobility between autologous group and allogeneic group. Conclusion Arthroscopic autologous tendon and allogeneic tendon reconstruction of AFTL combined with CFL can obtain satisfactory short-term results. The autologous tendon group was superior to the allogeneic group in terms of fever, wound healing time. However, there was no significant difference in clinical effects between the two groups.

Objective:To investigate the changes of biomarkers in peritoneal dialysis patients' peritoneal drainage fluid and their relationship with the peritoneal small molecule solute transport rate (PSTR).Methods:Seventy newly-tubed peritoneal dialysis patients from the Peritoneal Dialysis Center of the First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from September 29, 2014 to April 26, 2018 were selected. The levels of biomarkers plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the peritoneal dialysis priming fluid were measured at different time points and 4 h dialysate/blood muscle (D/P) creatinine values at 2 years of follow-up, and the correlation between biomarkers in the extracted peritoneal fluid and 4 h D/P creatinine was examined.Results:Longitudinal studies showed an increase in PAI-1 ( P<0.001) and VEGF ( P=0.04) with increasing duration of peritoneal dialysis. PSTR levels at baseline and after 2 years of follow-up were significantly correlated with PAI-1, MMP-2, and VEGF levels at baseline. PSTR at 2 years was also correlated with MMP-2 levels at 6 months and PAI-1 levels at baseline. Conclusions:The biomarkers PAI-1, MMP-2, and VEGF in peritoneal dialysis drainage fluid are positively correlated with PSTR in peritoneal dialysis patients during the 2-year period.

Felids are the unique definitive host of Toxoplasma gondii. The intestine of felid is the only site for initiating Toxoplasma gondii sexual reproduction. T. gondii excretes millions of infectious oocysts from the intestine, which are the primary source of infection. There are many difficulties in developing vaccines and drugs to control oocyst excretion due to the lack of an appropriate experimental model. Here, we established an in vitro feline intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) infection system and an efficient animal model of T. gondii Chinese 1 genotype, Wh6 strain (TgCtwh6). The Kunming mice brain tissues containing TgCtwh6 cysts were harvested 42-day post-infection. The bradyzoites were co-cultured with cat IECs in vitro at a ratio of 1:10. Five 3-month-old domestic cats were orally inoculated with 600 cysts each. The oocysts were detected by daily observation of cat feces by microscopy and polymerase chain reaction. We found that the parasite adhered and invaded cat IECs in vitro, transformed into tachyzoites, and then divided to form rose-like structures. These parasites eventually destroyed host cells, escaped, and finished the asexual reproduction process. Schizonts associated with sexual reproduction have not been observed during development in vitro cultured cells. However, schizonts were detected in all infected cat intestinal epithelial cells, and oocysts were presented in all cat feces. Our study provides a feasible cell model and an efficient infection system for the following studies of T. gondii sexual reproduction, and also lays a foundation to develop drugs and vaccines for blocking excretion and transmission of oocysts.

Uremic pruritus (UP) is a common complication in patients with end-stage renal disease, which seriously reduces the quality of life of patients. Compared with the internal treatment of TCM, the external treatment of TCM for UP is simpler and more effective, and can avoid the first pass effect caused by oral drugs and may cause liver and kidney damage. The treatment methods mainly include external washing of TCM, medicated bath, fumigation, wet compress, enema, scraping, acupuncture, auricular point sticking, acupoint application, acupoint iontophoresis, autologous blood acupoint injection and so on. At present, most studies are based on the conventional treatment of Western medicine, and the addition of external treatment of TCM can improve the efficacy, and has certain advantages in improving itching symptoms, inflammatory indicators, sleep quality, anxiety and depression. Some studies have selected parathyroid hormone, blood phosphorus, CRP, IL-6, histamine, SCr, BUN, β2-microglobulin and other indicators to evaluate the efficacy. The results suggest that external treatment of TCM can improve the micro-inflammatory state of patients and protect renal function, but further mechanism research is needed. The existing research has the following problems: the clinical efficacy evaluation scale is not uniform, and it is difficult to compare and summarize horizontally; the relief of pruritus symptoms is based on the scale evaluation, which is subjective; the course of treatment is short, and the long-term efficacy and safety can not be evaluated; some studies do not specify the patients' syndrome type, which is difficult to reflect the advantages of TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment, and needed to be improved in the future.