Objective To investigate the effect of proanthcyaindin on angiogenesis of rats with ischemic hindlimb.Methods Twelve male SD rats were randomized divided into control group (n =6) and proanthcyaindin group (PC group,n =6).Lower limb ischemia rat model was establish,rats in both group were administration by oral daily,and PC group was given proanthocyanidins 200 mg/(kg · d),while the control group received the same volume of saline.Forteen days after surgery,ischemic tissues of adductor were collected for several tests including the expression of CD31 in the ischemic muscle tissue and the number of new blood vessels by immunohistochemical staining,hypoxia inducible factor-1 protein expression by western blot,and vascular endothelial growth factor level test by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results The capillary count showed that the angiogenesis situation of PC group was (69.67 ±3.11)/HP,higher than that in control group((111.00 ± 3.11)/HP,t =13.350,P ＜ 0.0001).The HIF-1 protein expression in PC group was (1.90 ± 0.25),remarkable higher than that in control group (0.54 ± 0.21,t =4.183,P =0.0058).Compared with control group,VEGF level in PC group increased((432.86 ± 13.00) μg/L vs.(326.68 ± 11.08) μg/L,t =6.216,P ＜0.0001).Conclusion Proanthcyaindin plays a positive role in angiogenesis after ischemia.PC may induce up-regulation of HIF-1 and VEGF,and then promote the formation of endovascular through multiple signaling pathways consequently.

Objective To observe the effects of short-term withdrawal of thyroxine on lipid level and the protective effect of atorvastatin.Methods The study included 60 rabbits which were randomly divided into treatment experiment group 1 (near-total thyroidectomy + 131 I ablative therapy),treatment experiment group 2 (near-total thyroidectomy + 131I ablative therapy + Atorvastatin intervention) and control group(sham thyroidectomy).Compared the thyroid functions and lipid levels among different groups at the points of before surgery.three weeks after surgery and five weeks after surgery.Results (1) Compared to before surgery,the thyroid function at the points of three weeks and five weeks after surgery were obvious reduced both in treatment group.(2) The leves of TG,TC,LDL-C in EG1 were increased gradually with the extension of time after surgery.Compared with the point of before surgery,the level of HDL-C at the point of five weeks after surgery was significantly declined in EG1.Compared with the point of before surgery,the level of TG at the ponts of three weeks and five weeks after surgery was significantly declined in EG2.Compared with the point of before surgery,the level of LDL-C at the point of three weeks after surgery was significantly declined in EG2.Conclusions (1) Short-term hypothyroidism can increase the levels of TG,TC,LDL-C in plasma.(2) Atorvastatin can maintain the stability of blood lipids during Short-term hypothyroidism.

Objective To assess the clinical efficacy of percutaneous iliosacral screwing versus reconstruction plating in the treatment of pelvic posterior ring fractures of Tile C.Methods The authors retrieved the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and clinical controlled trials (CCTs) comparing percutaneous iliosacral screwing versus reconstruction plating for Tile C pelvic posterior ring fractures from the Cochrane library,Medline,Embase,CNKI,Wanfang Data and Chinese Biomedical Database by computer and from major Chinese orthopedic journals by hand.Qualified data were extracted by statistical software Revman 5.2 for meta-analysis.Results 334 cases were included in this Meta-analysis from one RCT and 3 CCTs.Of them,162 underwent percutaneous iliosacral screwing and 172 reconstruction plating (including 66 cases of percutaneous reconstruction plating and 106 ones of anterior reconstruction plating).There was no significant difference between percutaneous iliosacral screwing and reconstruction plating in operation time (P =0.16).Percutaneous reconstruction plating consumed significantly less operation time than anterior reconstruction plating (P ＜ 0.001).Percutaneous iliosacral screwing decreased significantly incision length and intraoperative blood loss than both methods of reconstruction plating (P ＜ 0.001),but significantly increased times of X-ray exposure than percutaneous reconstruction plating (P ＜ 0.001).There were no significantly differences in the good to excellence rates by Matta scores and Majeed scores between percutaneous iliosacral screwing and percutaneous reconstruction plating (P ＞ 0.05),but percutaneous iliosacral screwing performed significantly better than anterior reconstruction plating (P ＜ 0.001).Percutaneous reconstruction plating led to significantly fewer postoperative complications than anterior reconstruction plating (P ＜ 0.001) but similar incidence of postoperative pain at the sacroiliac joint compared with percutaneous reconstruction plating (P =0.30).Conclusion Compared with anterior reconstruction plating,pereutaneous iliosacral screwing and percutaneous reconstruction plating may lead to better clinical efficacy and fewer complications.Percutaneous iliosacral screwing may be superior in incision length and intraoperative blood loss,but it requires more intraoperative X-ray exposure and more demanding technical skills.

Objective: To explore the effect of Baduanjin combined with health education in patients of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFPEF). Methods: According to the method of random numbers, 100 HFPEF patients were divided into the observation group and the control group, 50in each group. The control group was given routine therapy and health education, while the observation group was given Baduanjin on the basis of the therapy of control group. With 3 months follow-up, heart function, symptom distress and quality of life in HFPEF patients were observed and compared. Results: After intervention, the observation group's 6-minute walking test results were significantly higher than the control group (505.10 ± 52.08 m vs. 442.50 ± 41.35 m; t=-2.977, P=0.008). The improvement of dyspnea, edema, fatigue, palpitations, loss of appetite, chest strength and body weight in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (t were 2.885, 5.422, 9.333, 5.444, 5.199, 5.020, 5.657, 5.081, all Ps<0.05), and the improvement of the observation group in the physical, emotional and other areas of life quality was significantly better than that in the control group (t were 2.764, 3.818, 3.623, all Ps<0.05). Conclusions Baduanjin combined with health education can improve heart function, symptom distress and quality of life of patients of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.

The standard system refers to the scientific organic whole formed by the internal connections of stand-ards within a certain range.The completeness of the drug standard system plays a crucial role in ensuring drug safety.Pharmacopoeia is the core of the drug standard system.This article compared the architecture of the Chi-nese Pharmacopoeia,the United States Pharmacopoeia,the European Pharmacopoeia,and the Japanese Pharma-copoeia on the aspects of overall architecture,monographs architecture,general notice architecture,general tech-nical requirements architecture,and other standard architecture,as well as the implementation of various types of standards,aiming to provide reference for the optimization and improvement of the standard system of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.

Objectives: The surgical guide is a static computer-assisted device used for implant surgery planning and guidance. By taking an impression and referring to the patients’ three-dimensional computed tomography scan of the desired implant site, a surgical guide can be created. During surgery, the surgical guide aids in achieving the designed implant placement position and direction. We examined and evaluated the long-term clinical outcomes of implant surgery using surgical guides. Materials and Methods: This study investigated a total of 15 patients with 32 implants that were placed using surgical guides from 2009 to 2011 with a mean follow-up period extended beyond 10 years. Patient demographics and implant survival rates were recorded. We analyzed marginal bone loss (MBL) by assessing the radiographs acquired at installation, three months after installation, and one month, one, two, and five years after prosthesis delivery. Results: The mean patient age was 57.33 years at implant placement. Of the 32 implants, five implants were placed in the anterior region and 27 implants were in the posterior region. Six implants failed and three of them were replaced, resulting in an 81.25% survival rate. The mean follow-up period was 10 years and nine months. Mean MBL compared to post-installation was significantly higher than at three months after installation, and one month, one, two, and five years after prosthesis delivery. Mean MBL at three months after installation, and one month, one year, and two years were significantly higher compared to the previous visit (P<0.05). However, MBL at five years after prosthesis delivery did not differ significantly compared to at two years. Conclusion In this study, implant rehabilitation assisted by surgical guides exhibited favorable survival rates. With the limitation of the sample amount in this study, further research and more samples are required to evaluate the long-term clinical effectiveness of surgical guides.

Objective To investigate the effects of atorvastatin calcium on thyroid function,im-mune response and C-Jun N-terminal kinase/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(JNK/p38 MAPK)signaling pathway in rats with hypothyroidism.Methods A total of 30 healthy adult male SD rats were randomly divided into control group,hypothyroid group(PTU group)and atorvastatin calcium treatment group(ACT group),with 10 rats in each group.Rats in the PTU group and the ACT group were injected with PTU subcutaneously at the dorsum of the neck every day for 28 consecutive days;instead of PTU,rats in the control group were injected subcutaneously with 0.3 mL of saline.After 2 weeks of PTU treatment,rats in the ACT group were gavaged with 3 mL of atorvastatin calcium sa-line solution(containing 5 mg/kg of atorvastatin calcium),which was administered once daily;the control group was gavaged with an equal amount of saline in the same way.The body weight,food intake and water intake of rats were measured weekly.The histopathological changes of the thyroid gland were observed in histopathological sections of rats in each group.Enzyme-linked immunosor-bent assay(ELISA)was performed to determine the levels of triiodothyronine(T3),thyroxine(T4),thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH),interferon γ(IFN-γ)and interleukin-4(TL-4)in ser-um;quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)was performed to de-tect the mRNA expression levels of IFN-γ,IL-10,Foxp3 and IL-4;western blot was performed to determine the levels of p-JNK/JNK and p-p38/p38 MAPK.Results Compared with control group,PTU-induced hypothyroidism rats showed a significant decrease in body mass and food and water consumption(P＜0.05).After 2 weeks of treatment with atorvastatin calcium,the body mass loss of PTU rats was inhibited,food and water consumption was improved,and the differences were sta-tistically significant(P＜0.05).Atorvastatin calcium was able to significantly increase the serum T3 and T4 levels and decrease the serum TSH level in hypothyroid rats(P＜0.05).Atorvastatin calcium treatment was able to significantly alleviate histopathological changes such as follicular cell proliferation and related hypertrophy induced by PTU,and increase follicular size(P＜0.05).Af-ter treatment with atorvastatin calcium,the spleen mass of PTU rats increased significantly,and the expression of IFN-γ mRNA in hypothyroid rats decreased significantly,but the expression levels of IL-10 mRNA,Foxp3 mRNA and IL-4 mRNA increased significantly(P＜0.05).After treatment with atorvastatin calcium,the levels of p-JNK/JNK and p-p38/p38 MAPK in thyroid tissue of hypo-thyroid rats decreased significantly(P＜0.05).Conclusion Atorvastatin calcium treatment for hy-pothyroidism has the function of promoting the normalization of thyroid hormone imbalance,balan-cing Th1/Th2 cytokines,and inhibiting the activation of JNK/p38 MAPK signaling pathway.

Objective To investigate the effects of atorvastatin calcium on thyroid function,im-mune response and C-Jun N-terminal kinase/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(JNK/p38 MAPK)signaling pathway in rats with hypothyroidism.Methods A total of 30 healthy adult male SD rats were randomly divided into control group,hypothyroid group(PTU group)and atorvastatin calcium treatment group(ACT group),with 10 rats in each group.Rats in the PTU group and the ACT group were injected with PTU subcutaneously at the dorsum of the neck every day for 28 consecutive days;instead of PTU,rats in the control group were injected subcutaneously with 0.3 mL of saline.After 2 weeks of PTU treatment,rats in the ACT group were gavaged with 3 mL of atorvastatin calcium sa-line solution(containing 5 mg/kg of atorvastatin calcium),which was administered once daily;the control group was gavaged with an equal amount of saline in the same way.The body weight,food intake and water intake of rats were measured weekly.The histopathological changes of the thyroid gland were observed in histopathological sections of rats in each group.Enzyme-linked immunosor-bent assay(ELISA)was performed to determine the levels of triiodothyronine(T3),thyroxine(T4),thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH),interferon γ(IFN-γ)and interleukin-4(TL-4)in ser-um;quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)was performed to de-tect the mRNA expression levels of IFN-γ,IL-10,Foxp3 and IL-4;western blot was performed to determine the levels of p-JNK/JNK and p-p38/p38 MAPK.Results Compared with control group,PTU-induced hypothyroidism rats showed a significant decrease in body mass and food and water consumption(P＜0.05).After 2 weeks of treatment with atorvastatin calcium,the body mass loss of PTU rats was inhibited,food and water consumption was improved,and the differences were sta-tistically significant(P＜0.05).Atorvastatin calcium was able to significantly increase the serum T3 and T4 levels and decrease the serum TSH level in hypothyroid rats(P＜0.05).Atorvastatin calcium treatment was able to significantly alleviate histopathological changes such as follicular cell proliferation and related hypertrophy induced by PTU,and increase follicular size(P＜0.05).Af-ter treatment with atorvastatin calcium,the spleen mass of PTU rats increased significantly,and the expression of IFN-γ mRNA in hypothyroid rats decreased significantly,but the expression levels of IL-10 mRNA,Foxp3 mRNA and IL-4 mRNA increased significantly(P＜0.05).After treatment with atorvastatin calcium,the levels of p-JNK/JNK and p-p38/p38 MAPK in thyroid tissue of hypo-thyroid rats decreased significantly(P＜0.05).Conclusion Atorvastatin calcium treatment for hy-pothyroidism has the function of promoting the normalization of thyroid hormone imbalance,balan-cing Th1/Th2 cytokines,and inhibiting the activation of JNK/p38 MAPK signaling pathway.

Objective To provide reference for the optimization and improvement of interoperability between the standard system of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and other standards.Methods The interoperability of various pharmacopoeia standard systems was compared by searching for citations from the Chinese Pharmacopoeia,the United States Pharmacopoeia-National Formulary,the European Pharmacopoeia,the Japanese Pharmacopoeia,and other standards,including references to domestic regulations and guidelines,standards of the International Organization for Standardization,guidelines from the International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use,documents of the World Health Organization,and standards from other countries and international organizations.Results In recent years,pharmacopoeias in the world had continuously increased the citation of non pharmacopoeial standards.The types,quantities,and fields of the United States Pharmacopoeia-National Formulary referencing other standards far exceed those of other pharmacopoeias.The Chinese Pharmacopoeia cites the least number of other standards.Conclusion It is suggested that the Chinese Pharmacopoeia should enhance the interoperability with other standard systems in the standards of various professional fields,enhance the openness,harmonization and advantages,and form a more complete standard system.

Objective To investigate the expression of oxytocin ( OXT ) and oxytocin receptor (OXTR) in the prefrontal cortex of postpartum depression (PPD) rats induced by restraint stress during pregnancy and to observe the antidepressant effect of oxytocin and its analogue capitoxin and its mechanism. Methods Twenty-four adult female SD rats of SPF grade were randomly divided into control group,PPD +saline group,PPD + oxytocin group and PPD + captopril group with 6 rats in each group. Rats were subjec-ted to restraint stress for 2 hours every day on the 8th to 21st day of pregnancy to establish PPD model. While the rats in control group were not given any treatment. Rats in PPD + saline,PPD + oxytocin and PPD +captopril were injected bilaterally into prefrontal cortex (PFC) at 10 days postpartum (1 μl/side),oxytocin (30 ng/side) and captopril (45 ng/side) respectively once a day for 5 days. The depressive behaviors of rats were detected by sugar-water preference experiment. Rats were sacrificed 18 days after delivery. The ex-pression of OXT was detected by ELISA method,OXTR by Western blot,Iba-1 by immunofluorescence,and IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α by qRT-PCR. Results (1) The sucrose consumption of the PPD + saline group ((67. 1±10. 4)%) was significantly lower than that of the control group((92. 6± 3. 9)%,t=-5. 31,P<0. 01). (2) The expression of oxytocin in prefrontal cortex in PPD group was significantly lower than that in control group ((0. 03±0. 01) ng/mg) vs (0. 08 +0. 05) ng/mg,t=-2. 67,P<0. 05). However,there was no significant difference in the expression of oxytocin receptor between PPD group and control group ((0. 90 ±0. 06) vs (0. 90±0. 05),t=0. 709,P=0. 517). (3) The sucrose consumption of PPD+saline group de-creased than that of control group((65. 6±16. 9)% vs (91. 5±3. 5)%,t=3. 35,P<0. 001). Compared with PPD+saline group,the sucrose consumption of PPD+oxytocin group ((81. 8±8. 4)%) and PPD+carbetocin group ((78. 4±9. 4)%) increased(t=1. 98,1. 68,both P<0. 05). (4) The expression of Iba-1 in the pre-frontal lobe of PPD + saline group was higher than that of control group ((1. 15±0. 05) vs (1. 04 +0. 06), t=3. 50,P<0. 01). Compared with PPD + saline group,the expression of Iba-1 in PPD + oxytocin group (1. 03±0. 06) and in PPD + captopril group (1. 00±0. 02) were lower (t=-3. 50,-6. 55,both P<0. 01). (5) The expression of inflammatory factors IL-1β mRNA (1. 0±0. 1),IL-6 mRNA (1. 1±0. 1) and TNF-α mRNA (1. 7±0. 4) in the prefrontal cortex of rats in the PPD group were higher than that in the control group (IL-1β mRNA (0. 7± 0. 3),IL-6 mRNA (0. 9± 0. 1),TNF-α mRNA ( 1. 1± 0. 3),t=1. 92,3. 19, 2. 43 respectively,all P<0. 05). The expression of inflammatory factors IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA of the PPD+oxytocin group(IL-1β mRNA (0. 6±0. 1),IL-6 mRNA (0. 9±0. 1),TNF-α mRNA (1. 2±0. 4) )and the PPD+carbetocin group ( IL-1β mRNA ( 0. 7± 0. 1),IL-6 mRNA ( 0. 9 ± 0. 1),TNF-α mRNA ( 1. 0 ± 0. 2))in the prefrontal cortex were lower than that in the PPD group(t=-3. 17,-2. 78,-1. 84,t=-2. 76,-2. 40,-2. 94 respectively,all P<0. 05). Conclusion Oxytocin and capitoxin injected into prefrontal cortex can effectively improve depression-like behaviors in PPD model rats. Activation of microglia and decrease of inflammatory factors in prefrontal cortex may be the potential antidepressant mechanism.