Currently,the toxicity study of traditional Chinese medicine is faced with the following problems. Firstly,the evaluation in vitro cannot fully reflect the true state of the body. Secondly,the traditional method is not sensitive enough to the early toxicity. Lastly,the toxicity evaluation indexes cannot determine whether the compatibility of traditional Chinese medicine produces toxicity or increases toxicity systematically. The paper proposed a synthesized early evaluation research method for target organ toxicity induced by traditional Chinese medicine:screening,validation,optimization and application. This method mainly inoolves early target organ toxicity biomarkers in screening,optimi?zation,validation,biological significance explanation,and application to the traditional Chinese medicine incompatibility based on the metabolic dynamic fingerprint spectrum in order to obtain biomarkers of target organ toxicity that are sensitive and precede conventional biochemical indices for early evaluation . We attempted to analyze the pattern of chang of the biomarkers for animals acted by″18 incompatible medicaments″compatibility combination. We found that Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata with cardiotoxicity were compatible with Rhizoma Pinelliae,and that Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim,Fritillaria,Ampelopsis Radix and Bletilla striata without non-cardiotoxicity produced and increased cardiotoxicity systematically.

Objective To study the effect of dampness-eliminating and spleen-strengthening Prescription (ESP) on expression levels of adiponectin (APN) , tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) , and hepatic fat content in type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM) patients complicated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease ( NAFLD) . Methods One hundred and twenty T2DM patients complicated with NAFLD were randomized into ESP group and pioglitazone group, 60 cases in each group. Based on the fundamental treatment for decreasing glucose, ESP group and pioglitazone group were given oral use of ESP and pioglitazone respectively. Twenty-four weeks constituted one treatment course. Before and after treatment, we observed the hepatic fat content, serum concentrations of APN and TNF-α, blood glucose, blood lipid, and hepatic function with the virtual touch tissue quantification technique ( VTQ) , enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA) , biochemical analysator respeetively in the two groups. Results After treatment, the levels of fasting plasma glucose ( FPG) , 2-hour postprandial plasma glucose ( 2hPG) , glycosylated hemoglobin ( HbA1c) fasting insulin ( FINS) , total cholesterol ( TC) , triglyceride ( TG) , low density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C) and TNF-α, and hepatic acoustic radiation force impulse ( ARFI) scores in the two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment (P<0.05) . On the other hand, the serum levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and APN in both groups were significantly higher than those before treatment ( P<0.05) . The difference values of FINS and NF-α before and after treatneat in ESP group were higher than those in pioglitazone group ( P<0.05) . Conclusion ESP can significantly ameliorate the metabolic disorders of glucose and lipid , protect the pancreatic function and reduce hepatic fat, which is possibly related with the increase of APN level and the de-crease TNF-αlevel.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic significance of basophil activation test (B A T) in ana-phylaxis to non-ionic contrast media through testing the content of CD 63, m ast cell-carboxypeptidase A 3 (M C-CPA 3), and term inal com plem ent com plex SC5b-9 of the individuals by testing their levels in the norm al im m une group and the anaphylaxis groups to β-lactam drugs and non-ionic contrast media. Methods The CD 63 expression of basophilic granulocyte in blood w as detected by flow cytom etry. The levels of M C-CPA 3 in blood serum and SC5b-9 in blood plasm a w ere detected by ELISA . Results The CD 63 expression of basophilic granulocyte in blood, the levels of M C-CPA 3 and SC5b-9 of anaphylaxis to non-ionic contrast media and β-lactam drugs w ere significantly higher than that in norm al im m une group (P<0.05). Conclusion There is activation of basophilic granulocytes, m ast cells and com plem ent system in anaphylaxis to non-ionic contrast media. B A Tcan be used to diagnose the anaphylaxis to non-ionic contrast media.

Background and Objectives: Circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) participate in vascular repair and predict cardiovascular outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between EPCs and abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). Methods: and Results: Patients (age 67±9.41 years) suffering from AAAs (aortic diameters 58.09±11.24 mm) were prospectively enrolled in this study. All patients received endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). Blood samples were taken preoperatively and 14 days after surgery from patients with aortic aneurysms. Samples were also obtained from age-matched control subjects. Circulating EPCs were defined as those cells that were double positive for CD34 and CD309. Rat models of AAA formation were generated by the peri-adventitial elastase application of either saline solution (control; n=10), or porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE; n=14). The aortas were analyzed using an ultrasonic video system and immunohistochemistry. The levels of CD34＋/CD309＋ cells in the peripheral blood mononuclear cell populations were measured by flow cytometry. The baseline numbers of circulating EPCs (CD34＋/CD309＋) in the peripheral blood were significantly smaller in AAA patients compared with control subjects. The number of EPCs doubled by the 14th day after EVAR. A total of 78.57% of rats in the PPE group (11/14) formed AAAs (dilation ratio ＞150%). The numbers of EPCs from defined AAA rats were significantly decreased compared with the control group. Conclusions EPC levels may be useful for monitoring abdominal aorta aneurysms and rise after EVAR in patients with aortic aneurysms, and might contribute to the rapid endothelialization of vessels.

Islet β cell dedifferentiation is one of the important reasons leading to insulin secretion defect or insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).HIF-1α/PFKFB3 signaling pathway is a newly discovered biological pathway related to T2DM,which is involved in the induction of islet β cells dedifferentiation by anaerobic glycolysis under high glucose environment.This article reviews the research progress of the role of HIF-1α/PFKFB3 signaling pathway in glycolysis induced islet β cell dedifferentiation.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of action of the long non-coding RNA(lncRNA)taurine up-regulating factor 1(TUG1)with high glucose(HG)-induced cellular pyroptosisin microglial cell.Methods Mouse BV2 cells were cultured and divided into normal control(NC),HG,lentiviral empty vector(sh-Con),TUG1 lentiviral gene silencing vector(sh-TUG1),HG+sh-Con and HG+sh-TUG1 group.RT-PCR was used to detect the expression and transfection efficiency of TUG1 mRNA.Nucleotide-binding oligomerized structural domain-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3),cysteoaspartate protease-1(Caspase-1),and ghrelin D(GSDMD),IL-18,IL-1β mRNA and protein expression were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot.Results TUG1 mRNA expression was higher in HG group than in NC group(P＜0.05).After transfection,a lot of green fluorescence appeared in sh-TUG1 and sh-Con group,while no green fluorescence was observed in NC group.The expression of TUG1 mRNA was lower in sh-TUG1 group than in NC group(P＜0.05).Accordingly,the recombinant lentivirus successfully infected BV2 cell.The expressions of the mRNA and protein of NLRP3,Caspase-1,GSDMD,IL-18 and L-1β were higher in HG,HG+sh-Con groups than in NC group(P＜0.05).The expressions of the mRNA and protein of NLRP3,Caspase-1,GSDMD and IL-18 and L-1β were lower in HG+shTUG1 group than in HG,HG+sh-Con groups(P＜0.05).Conclusions TUG1 is involved in high glucose induced pyroptosis in microglia and leads to inflammatory response.Silencing TUG1 can inhibit the pathological reaction.

Temporal bone CT imaging is particularly important for diagnosis and treatment of ear diseases,but there are some issues such as insufficient resolution,strong artifacts and low signal-to-noise ratio under low radiation doses,which limit its'clinical application.Recent years,deep learning(DL)had shown great potential in classifying,segmenting and reconstructing medical images,providing new ideas for improving imaging quality of temporal bone CT.The application progresses of DL in temporal bone CT imaging were reviewed in this article.

Germany owns the largest herbal market in Europe and has the world's leading R&D capabilities for herbal medicine products. Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) spreaded to Germany hundreds of years ago. Since the beginning of the 20th century, China and Germany have signed a series of agreements to support traditional medicine cooperation, and the exchange of herbs between China and Germany has become more frequent, bringing opportunities for CHM to enter into Germany. In recent years, China and Germany have gained progress in the fields of CHM research and trade, etc. However, there are differences in the understanding of herbal medicines, quality standard evaluation, usage, and medication rules between the two countries. By doing SWOT analysis of the development of CHM in Germany, this paper suggested to promote Sino-German medical exchanges and build a community of common health for mankind through strengthening the clinical application of CHM, finding new ways of CHM entering into German market, and building an international talent team of traditional Chinese medicine.

Objective To observe the value of MR lymphangiography(MRL)radiomics for evaluating central conducting lymphatic anomaly(CCLA).Methods Sixty-one patients with complex lymphatic anomaly,including 41 CCLA(group A),20 non-CCLA(generalized lymphatic anomaly and Gorham-Stout disease)and 20 subjects with normal thoracic duct(group B,n=38)were retrospectively enrolled.Cervical and thoracic(combined with abdominal if necessary)MRL was acquired using three-dimensional heavily T2W fast spin echo sequence.ROI was delineated along overall thoracic duct,and radiomics features were extracted.Data sets of group A and B were divided into K subsets using 5-fold cross-validation.The union of(K-1)subset was always used as training set,while the other subsets were used as validation set.Radiomics model was constructed based on support vector machine(SVM)algorithm.Receiver operating characteristic curve was drawn,the area under the curve(AUC)was calculated to evaluate the efficacy of SVM model for assessing CCLA.Results The proportions of bifurcation,cystoid change and extension of main thoracic duct,and extension of terminal thoracic duct in group A were all higher,while of normal main and terminal thoracic duct in group A were both lower than those in group B(all P＜0.05).No significant difference of proportions of multiple thoracic ducts,dextral thoracic duct,part of thoracic duct invisible,multiple terminal thoracic ducts,cystoid change of terminal thoracic duct nor terminal thoracic duct pampiniform was found between groups(all P＞0.05).The sensitivity,specificity,accuracy,positive predictive,negative predictive and AUC of SVM model for evaluating CCLA in training set was 78.95％,97.56％,88.61％,96.77％,83.33％and 0.920,respectively,which in validation set was 78.95％,83.57％,82.28％,83.33％,81.40％and 0.833,respectively.Conclusion MRL radiomics could be used to effectively evaluate CCLA.

Objective To investigate the establishment of focal cerebral ischemia model in rabbits with the improved suture method.Methods A total of 45 healthy and clean adult New Zealand rabbits were divided into either a sham operation group (n =5) or a model group (n =40) using random number table method before modeling,and the sex was not limited.The self-made head ends of 2-0 fishing lines dipped in paraffin were used as the sutures.The external carotid artery was cut and inserted into a intracranial artery through the internal carotid artery and blocked the origin of middle cerebral artery.The neurological function score was performed after 6 h.The neurological deficit scores ≥2 was successful modeling.The rabbits were killed by anesthesia.The brain slices were stained with 2％ 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride solution.The infarct foci were observed.The diameters of suture head and the depth of suture insertion were compared in the model rabbits with successful modeling,failure,and death in the model group.Results There were 40 rabbits in the model group,six of them died,including 4 died of subarachnoid hemorrhage within 4 h after operation,and 2 died from anesthetic accident.The mortality rate was 15.0％.Seven rabbits failed,mainly because of cerebral vasospasm and the insertion depth of suture was insufficient.Twenty-seven had successful modeling,and the success rate was 67.5％.All the rabbits in the sham operation group survived.The diameter of the suture head and insertion depth in the successful modeling rabbits were compared with the death and failure outcome in rabbits.The difference was statistically significant (diameter:0.52 ± 0.14 mm vs.0.45 ±0.40 mm and 0.58 ±0.17 mm;depth:5.49 ±0.17 cm vs.6.04 ± 0.11 cm and 4.26 ±0.30 cm;all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The improved suture method can successfully prepare the focal cerebral ischemia model of middle cerebral artery in rabbits.The method is simple.Its repeatability and practicability are better.