Exercise is one of the important techniques of cardiovascular rehabilitation. Exercise can reduce inflammatory response to improve endothelial function, and improve mitochondrial function to increase myocardial cell activity. For cardiovascular risk factors, exer-cise can promote the activity of lipoprotein, increase the level of high-density lipoprotein;improve the function of insulin receptor to reduce insulin resistance, reduce platelet aggregation and improve endothelial function to reduce blood pressure. For the respiratory system, aerobic exercise can improve the function of respiratory muscle, thus relieve the dyspnea. Exercise can promote the activation of immune factor and increase metabolism, to increase immune function and anti-aging. Resistance exercise can improve mitochondrial function and promote fi-ber type conversion, to improve the function of skeletal muscle system.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic significance of basophil activation test (B A T) in ana-phylaxis to non-ionic contrast media through testing the content of CD 63, m ast cell-carboxypeptidase A 3 (M C-CPA 3), and term inal com plem ent com plex SC5b-9 of the individuals by testing their levels in the norm al im m une group and the anaphylaxis groups to β-lactam drugs and non-ionic contrast media. Methods The CD 63 expression of basophilic granulocyte in blood w as detected by flow cytom etry. The levels of M C-CPA 3 in blood serum and SC5b-9 in blood plasm a w ere detected by ELISA . Results The CD 63 expression of basophilic granulocyte in blood, the levels of M C-CPA 3 and SC5b-9 of anaphylaxis to non-ionic contrast media and β-lactam drugs w ere significantly higher than that in norm al im m une group (P<0.05). Conclusion There is activation of basophilic granulocytes, m ast cells and com plem ent system in anaphylaxis to non-ionic contrast media. B A Tcan be used to diagnose the anaphylaxis to non-ionic contrast media.

In order to quantitate the bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) infection in vitro, a BIV indicator cell line (BIVL) was established by transfecting baby hamster kidney cells with reporter plasmids containing the firefly luciferase gene driven by a BIV long terminal repeat promoter. The BIV activates promoter activity of the LTR to express luciferase upon infection. BIV infection could therefore by quantified by detection of luciferase activity. Compared to standard assays used to detect BIV infection, the BIVL-based assay is 10 times more sensitive than the the CPE-based assay, and has similar sensitivity with the viral capsid protein Western blot assay. BIV indicator cell line could detect BIV infection specifically. Luciferase activity of BIV infected BIVL cells showed a time dependent manner, and 60 h post infection is the optimal time to detect BIV infection. Luciferase activity of BIVL cells correlates with the BIV capsid protein expression. Moreover, a linear relationship was found between MOI and the activated intensity of luciferase expression. In brief, the BIV indicator cell line is an easy, robust and quantitive method for monitoring BIV infection.

BACKGROUND: A great quantity of cell loss in early stage following stem cell transplantation can significantly affect transplantation effect. Presently, it is confirmed that overexpression of AKT1 gene significantly inhibit cell apoptosis. OBJECTIVE: To explore whether AKT1 gene overexpression can block stem cell apoptosis under hypoxic condition following pig autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) transplantation, and the effect of repairing damaged myocardium. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The randomized controlled animal study was performed at the Soochow University from August 2005 to February 2007.MATERIALS: A total of 24 healthy male Meishan pigs were supplied by the Animal Experimental Center of Soochow University. METHODS: The CDS (regulation domin of AKT1) AKT1-cDNA fragment was amplified. Lentivector Packaging Kit was used to transfect BMSCs after synthesized with pCDH1-AKT1 shuttling plasmid. Following BrdU labeling, models of myocardial infarction were constructed by occluding the distal left anterior descending coronary artery in pigs with gelatin sponge. 4 weeks later, pigs were randomly divided into four groups: the model control group, the DMEM group, the BMSCs group, and the AKT-transfected group. In model control group, there was no other injection after occluding the left anterior descending coronary artery. In the DMEM group, 5 mL DMEM was injected into the coronary artery. 5 mL BMSCs (1×10~7 cells) were infused into the coronary artery in the BMSCs group. 5 mL BMSCs transfected with the AKT1 gene were injected in the AKT-transfected group MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Western blot analysis and real time RT-PCR were used to test the plasmid. The cardiac function was evaluated by magnetic resonance image. Histological characteristics of the myocardium were observed using immunohistochemistry. Serum vascular endothelial growth factor and transforming growth factor β1 levels were determined by ELISA. RESULTS: AKT1-cDNA was cloned into pCDH1-MCS1-EF1-copGFP and the sequence was confirmed in comparison with the published one. AKT mRNA expression could be detected distinctly 24 and 48 hours after transfecting cells. The expression of AKT1 intensity in MSCs remained strong 2 weeks later with detected by real time RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. AKT1-mRNA transcriptional levels were 120 times of primary cells. Before the cell implantation, the left ventricular end-diastolic dimension increased and the stroke volume decreased in the myocardial infarction hearts. The cardiac function was significantly improved after cell implantation, and the implanted MSCs prevented the infarct region from thinning and expanding, improved contraction and increased perfusion in all groups relative to the control hearts. The left ventricular chamber size was smaller in the hearts with being transplanted cells than that in the control hearts. Moreover, the improvement was even markedly greater in AKT-transfected group (P < 0.05). Hematoxylin-eosin staining results showed that fibering was significant in the model control group and DMEM group. Island-like myocardium was observed in the infarct zone of the BMSCs group and AKT-transfected group, and plenty of small vessels-shape structure was detected in the AKT-transfected group. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that Von Willebrand Factor (vWF) and Cx-43 expression was determined in the myocardium in the BMSCs group and AKT-transfected group, and the proportion of BrdU and Cx-43-positive cells to BrdU-positive cells was significantly greater in the AKT-transfected group compared with the BMSCs group 4 weeks following transplantation (P < 0.05). Following cell transplantation, vascular endothelial growth factor levels were gradually increased, peaked at 1 week, gradually decreased, and reached a normal level at 4 weeks. Transforming growth factor p1 levels were gradually reduced, and significantly less than the model control group, DMEM group 4 weeks later (P < 0.05), and significantly lower than that pretransplantation (P < 0.05).CONCLUSION: Using lentiviral vector to construct with AKT1 gene could stably make BMSCs overexpress AKT1. The BMSCs engraftment in host myocardium might improve the left ventricle function by attenuating the contractile dysfunction and pathologic thinning in this model of left ventricular wall infarction. AKT1 overexpression can significantly improve cardiac function following infarction.

Innate immune cells are highly represented in the tumor microenvironment,and among the most abundant of these are macrophages.However,macrophages are broadly categorized as"classically activated"pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages and"alter-natively activated"anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages,which might be too simplified to describe the various phenotypes and func-tions of tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs).Most TAMs are now reclassified into CD68+TAM,CD163+TAM,CD204+TAM,CD169+TAM,and CCL18+TAM,among others,according to the different expression of surface proteins.These surface proteins have different types of ligands and regulate different signaling pathways and cytokines.Therefore,even if these subtypes of TAMs have similar ef-fects of promoting or inhibiting tumors,the mechanisms involved and the induced clinical manifestations are different.In this paper, the effects of various phenotypes of TAMs on tumor growth,metastasis,prognosis,and clinical relevance are reviewed.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of action of the long non-coding RNA(lncRNA)taurine up-regulating factor 1(TUG1)with high glucose(HG)-induced cellular pyroptosisin microglial cell.Methods Mouse BV2 cells were cultured and divided into normal control(NC),HG,lentiviral empty vector(sh-Con),TUG1 lentiviral gene silencing vector(sh-TUG1),HG+sh-Con and HG+sh-TUG1 group.RT-PCR was used to detect the expression and transfection efficiency of TUG1 mRNA.Nucleotide-binding oligomerized structural domain-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3),cysteoaspartate protease-1(Caspase-1),and ghrelin D(GSDMD),IL-18,IL-1β mRNA and protein expression were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot.Results TUG1 mRNA expression was higher in HG group than in NC group(P＜0.05).After transfection,a lot of green fluorescence appeared in sh-TUG1 and sh-Con group,while no green fluorescence was observed in NC group.The expression of TUG1 mRNA was lower in sh-TUG1 group than in NC group(P＜0.05).Accordingly,the recombinant lentivirus successfully infected BV2 cell.The expressions of the mRNA and protein of NLRP3,Caspase-1,GSDMD,IL-18 and L-1β were higher in HG,HG+sh-Con groups than in NC group(P＜0.05).The expressions of the mRNA and protein of NLRP3,Caspase-1,GSDMD and IL-18 and L-1β were lower in HG+shTUG1 group than in HG,HG+sh-Con groups(P＜0.05).Conclusions TUG1 is involved in high glucose induced pyroptosis in microglia and leads to inflammatory response.Silencing TUG1 can inhibit the pathological reaction.

Objective·To develope an auditory brainstem implant(ABI)vocoder based on cochlear implant(CI)vocoder characteristics and ABI electrode array topology,and to verify its reliability.Methods·An"n-of-m"coding strategy CI/ABI vocoder was constructed based on MATLAB.Within each frame,only the envelopes of the n channels with the highest energy were selected.The interaction coefficient(IC)(range:1?3),channel numbers(range:5?22),and electrode array topology(CI/ABI)were adjustable parameters,allowing for the synthesis of simulated speech.Psychoacoustic evaluation was employed,recruiting normal hearing subjects to perform closed-set simulated phoneme perception.The phoneme recognition accuracy(20 vowel questions/condition,11 consonant questions/condition)was compared with the corresponding conditions of CI and ABI from reference literature to determine the IC value of the vocoder and verify its reliability.Results·The vocoder successfully synthesized all test stimuli.In the closed-set CI-simulated speech recognition,the simulated vowel and consonant recognition accuracy for IC2 and IC3 conditions showed no significant difference compared to the accuracy reported in the CI reference literature(P＞0.05).The difference in vowel and consonant accuracy between IC2 and the literature was smaller than that between IC3 and the literature(vowel|d|=1.6%vs.20%,consonant|d|=8.4%vs.9.9%),thus determining the optimal interaction coefficient of this model as 2.Subsequently,when modifying the electrode array topology to ABI,it was found that the simulated phoneme recognition accuracy for a 16-channel ABI was significantly lower than that for the 16-channel CI group,consistent with the reported literature.The simulated vowel and consonant accuracy within the 5?8 channel range for ABI showed no significant difference(P＞0.05),also aligning with the trend reported in the literature.Conclusion·A CI/ABI vocoder based on"n-of-m"coding strategy is established and the optimal IC is determined.The established ABI encoder has been evaluated for high reliability through psychoacoustic experiments.It provides suitable technical means for validating ABI-specific coding strategies.