Objective There are few researches for the serum betatrophin level and diabetic nephropathy (DN) recently.The aim of this study was to investigate the change of serum betatrophin level and the correlation of serum betatrophin and urinary albumin-to-creatintine ratio (UACR) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods A total of 150 Chinese subjects from Mar 2013 to Jul 2016 were enrolled in the study, including 90 patients with type 2 diabetes and 60 healthy controls.According to the level of UACR, the diabetic patients were divided into two groups:normal UACR group (UACR<30 mg/g, n=60) and abnormal UACR group(UACR>30 mg/g, n=30).Serum betatrophin was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).UACR was measured by turbidimetric inhibition immune assay.Blood glucose blood lipid were measured simultaneously.Results The serum betatrophin level was significantly higher in abnormal UACR group than that in normal UACR group[677.37±59.02 vs 486.13±41.22 pg/mL, P<0.05];Serum betatrophin level in T2DM patients was positively correlated with age (r=0.246), waist hip ratio (WHR) (r=0.240), fasting blood glucose (FPG) (r=0.234), 2 hour plasma glucose (2hPG) (r=0.363), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (r=0.346), fasting insulin (FINS) (r=0.249), insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) (r=0.309), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (r=0.223), creatinine (CREA) (r=0.277) and UACR (r=0.244) (P<0.05),and negatively correlated with glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (r=0.308) (P<0.01).Serum betatrophin level in normal UACR group was positively correlated with age, HbA1c and UACR (P<0.05);Serum betatrophin level in abnormal UACR group was positively correlated with WHR (r=0.504), 2hPG (r=0.600), HbA1c (r=0.449), HOMA-IR (r=0.395) (P<0.05).The WHR, HbA1c, HOMA-IR and GFR were the influential factors of the serum betatrophin level.Conclusion The level of serum betatrophin was significantly increased in T2DM patients with albuminuria, which suggests that the betatrophin might play an important role in the pathogenesis of DN.

Objective:To study the influence of proteasome inhibitor lactacystin (LAC) and carboplatin in proliferation and apoptosis of the human ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells in vitro ,and to clarify the mechanisms. Methods:The SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells were cultured in vitro ;0,2.5,5.0,10.0 and 20.0 μmol· L-1 LAC were used to intervent the SKOV3 cells for 48 h;5 μmol·L-1 LAC was used to intervent the SKOV3 cells for 0, 24,48,and 72 h;the SKOV3 cells were divided into control group (treated without medical intervention),LAC group (treated with 5 μmol · L-1 LAC), carboplatin group (treated with 10, 20, 40 and 80 μmol · L-1 carboplatin),LAC and carboplatin group (treated with 5 μmol· L-1 LAC and 10,20,40,and 80 μmol· L-1 carboplatin,respectively).MTT method and FCM were used to detect the inhibitory rates of proliferation and apoptotic rates of the SKOV3 cells in various groups.Results:The MTT test results showed that the proliferation of the SKOV3 cells were inhibited with the prolongation of time and increasing of LAC concentration;the half inhibitory concentration (IC50 )of LAC at 48 h was 5.36 μmol · L-1 ;compared with carboplatin group,the inhibitory rates of proliferation of SKOV3 cells in LAC and carboplatin groups were significantly increased (P <0.05).The IC50 of carboplatin was dropped from 58.08 μmol·L-1 to 18.37 μmol·L-1 .The FCM results showed that with the prolongation of treated time of LAC,the apoptotic rates of SKOV3 cells were increased;compared with carboplatin group and LAC group,the apoptotic rate of cells in LAC and carboplatin group was increased (P <0.05).Conclusion:LAC can inhibit the proliferation of the ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells and induce the apoptosis, and LAC can enhance the inhibitory effect of proliferation of carboplatin on the ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells.