Objective To study the differences in the inclination of lower incisors among the female patients with beautiful profiles in different vertical skeletal types so as to provide the clinical treatment design for a certain guiding. Methods 137 cephalometric films of female patients with beautiful profiles were selected and divided into three groups based on the vertical facial types(∠SNMP):small degree(n = 31),average degree(n = 89) and larger degree groups(n=17). The angles of∠L1/MP and∠L1/A-Pog were measured and treated with covari-ance analysis for detecting the differences between the groups. Results The index of L1-MP(°)was the smallest in the larger degree group,the largest in the small degree group and average in the average group,with significant differences between the three groups(F = 17.38,P < 0.001). There was no significant differences in ∠L1/A-Pog (°)(F=2.61,P>0.05). Conclusion Lower incisors have compensatory inclined lingually in the group of higher mandible angle,but labially in the group of lower mandible angle.

Objective: To explore the intervention techniques of group counseling leader ("group leader") during group counseling process. Methods: The analysis material of intervention techniques was 11 sessions in two unstructured counseling groups. The analysis unit was every dialogue paragraph in the leader'soral response in the group counseling process. And the leaders' intervention techniques emerging in the video and verbatim transcription were coded according to adapted coding manual. Results: Totally 48 types of techniques were identified, that were grouped into 4 categories, including basic communication and reaction technique, exploring and influencing technique, facilitating technique, action and intervention technique. From the perspective of the single group counseling activity, techniques of basic communication and reaction were used more in the early and middle stage of an activity. Techniques of exploring and influencing and techniques of action and intervention were used more in the middle and later stage. And facilitating techniques were more used in the early and later stage. From the perspective of the whole grouping counseling process, techniques of basic communication and reaction and techniques of exploring and influencing were two primary types of intervention techniques. Frequency of using exploring and influencing techniques reached its peak in the intermediate stage of the group counseling process. The use of facilitating technology was gradually reduced. Conclusions: Techniques of basic communication and reaction are basic intervention techniques in group counseling, while techniques of exploring and influencing and techniques of action and intervention could be used on the basis of the development of the group. And facilitating techniques could facilitate to open the group and deepen the achievement of group counseling.

Objective:To explore group leaders' intervention intensions during group counseling process. Methods: The Interpersonal Process Recall (IPR) was applied to collect leaders' intervention intensions in 11 sessions of 2 unstructured counseling groups. Leaders' intervention intensions were coded according to coding manual. Results: Totally 29 types of intervention intensions were identified and grouped into 10 categories. The 3 intervention intensions with the highest frequency were"access to information and evaluation", "promoting awareness" and "expressing support for group members". The intervention intensions of establishing a group culture and promoting group cohesion mainly appeared in the early stage of group counseling. The intervention intension of dealing with emotion mostly appeared in the middle stage. The intervention intension of promoting awareness appeared a lot in the early and middle stages of group development The intervention intention of expressing support for group members was salient at the initial and final stages of group counseling. Conclusion: There may be diverse intervention intensions in the process of group counseling. Group leaders could pay attention to interpersonal interaction, giving consideration to both individuals and groups.

Objective To explore the relationship between alterations of neural network plasticity and spatial learning and memory functions in mouse models with depression-like behaviors.Methods C57Thy1-YFP/GAD67-GFP mice were randomized into control group(with no treatment)and chronic unpredictable mild stress(CUMS)group(n=15)subjected to CUMS for 8 weeks.Depression-like behaviors of the mice were assessed using sucrose preference test,open field test,and forced swimming test,and their spatial learning and memory abilities were evaluated using Morris water maze test.The changes in the firing patterns of different neuronal subtypes were detected in the central nucleus of the amygdala(CeA)and the prelimbic cortex(PrL)using whole-cell patch-clamp technique.Results Compared with the control mice,CUMS mice showed significantly decreased sucrose preference,total distance moved,number of grid-crossings,entries into the central area,and time spent in the central area in the open field test(P<0.01).In the forced swimming test,CUMS mice exhibited obviously shortened time of struggling,swimming,and climbing with increased immobility time.In Morris water maze test,CUMS mice showed significantly increased escape latency and path length,decreased percentage of distance and swimming time within the target quadrant,and increased first entry latency into the target zone and swimming time within the opposite quadrant.Exposure to CUMS resulted in significantly enhanced energy barrier and increased absolute refractory period and inter-spike interval of glutamatergic neurons in the CeA and GABAergic neurons in the PrL,while the opposite changes were observed in GABAergic neurons in the CeA and glutamatergic neurons in the PrL.Conclusion CUMS-induced depression may lead to plastic changes in the excitatory and inhibitory neuronal networks within the CeA and PrL to cause impairment of spatial learning and memory abilities in mice.

Objective To explore the relationship between alterations of neural network plasticity and spatial learning and memory functions in mouse models with depression-like behaviors.Methods C57Thy1-YFP/GAD67-GFP mice were randomized into control group(with no treatment)and chronic unpredictable mild stress(CUMS)group(n=15)subjected to CUMS for 8 weeks.Depression-like behaviors of the mice were assessed using sucrose preference test,open field test,and forced swimming test,and their spatial learning and memory abilities were evaluated using Morris water maze test.The changes in the firing patterns of different neuronal subtypes were detected in the central nucleus of the amygdala(CeA)and the prelimbic cortex(PrL)using whole-cell patch-clamp technique.Results Compared with the control mice,CUMS mice showed significantly decreased sucrose preference,total distance moved,number of grid-crossings,entries into the central area,and time spent in the central area in the open field test(P<0.01).In the forced swimming test,CUMS mice exhibited obviously shortened time of struggling,swimming,and climbing with increased immobility time.In Morris water maze test,CUMS mice showed significantly increased escape latency and path length,decreased percentage of distance and swimming time within the target quadrant,and increased first entry latency into the target zone and swimming time within the opposite quadrant.Exposure to CUMS resulted in significantly enhanced energy barrier and increased absolute refractory period and inter-spike interval of glutamatergic neurons in the CeA and GABAergic neurons in the PrL,while the opposite changes were observed in GABAergic neurons in the CeA and glutamatergic neurons in the PrL.Conclusion CUMS-induced depression may lead to plastic changes in the excitatory and inhibitory neuronal networks within the CeA and PrL to cause impairment of spatial learning and memory abilities in mice.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the diagnostic value of larval excretory-secretory antigen in Angiostrongylus cantonensis (LESA) infection.

METHODSA.cantonensis larvae harvested from mice brain were cultured in vitro. The LESA and the adult worm antigens of A.cantonensis (AWA) were collected and analyzed using SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. Two ELISA systems were established using the two antigens (LESA-ELISA and AWA-ELISA) to detect the serum spectra from different sources.

RESULTSSDS-PAGE and Western blotting displayed fewer protein and antigen bands for LESA than for the adult antigen. Two distinct bands of LESA (with relative molecular masses of 40 000 and 26 000) showed reactivity with the sera from patients with A. cantonensis infection. The serum levels of IgG and IgM antibodies to LESA increased at the beginning of infection in mice, reaching the peak on day 5 after infection and decreased on day 10. Compared with AWA-ELISA, LESA-ELISA showed a lower seropositive ratio in suspected patients with A.cantonensis, with also a lower cross-positive ratio in patients with schistosomiasis and clonorchis sinensis.

CONCLUSIONLESA possesses fewer antigen reaction bands than AWA. Although with a slightly lower positive ratio than AWA, LESA has a higher specificity for detecting serum antibodies in suspected cases of A.cantonensis infection, and therefore shows a potential for the diagnosis of angiostrongyliasis especially in the early stage and in current infection.

Angiostrongylus cantonensis ; immunology ; Animals ; Antigens, Helminth ; immunology ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Humans ; Larva ; immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Strongylida Infections ; diagnosis ; parasitology

OBJECTIVE： To establish the method for simultaneous determination of four known related substances （olmesartan，olmesartan ester dimer ，olmesartan ester alkene ，benzothiadiazine impurity ，called impurity A ，B，C，D for short ）in Olmesartan medoxomil hydrochlorothiazide tablets. METHODS ：HPLC-principal component self-control with correction factor were adopted. The determination was performed on YMC-Triart C 8 column with mobile phase A consisted of acetonitrile- 0.015 mol/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution （pH adjusted to 2.8 with phosphoric acid ）（70 ∶ 30，V/V），mobile phase B consisted of acetonitrile-0.015 mol/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution （pH adjusted to 2.8 with phosphoric acid ）（15 ∶ 85，V/V）at the flow rate of 0.8 mL/min（gradient elution ）. The detection wavelength was set at 265 nm，and column temperature was 25 ℃. The temperature of injector was 4 ℃；the injection volume was 10 μL. RESULTS：The correction factors of impurity A ，B，C，D were 1.42，1.17，0.89，0.92，respectively. The linear range of olmesartan medoxomil ，hydrochlorothiazide and impurity A ，B，C，D were 0.252 7-7.580 0，1.152 1-4.562 9，0.244 0-18.299 0，0.244 7-3.670 8，0.265 2-3.978 3 and 0.149 9-4.497 3 μg/mL（r≥ 0.999 7），respectively. The limits of detection were 0.084 2，0.050 7，0.081 3，0.081 6，0.088 4，0.050 0 μg/mL，respectively. The quantitative limits were 0.252 7，0.152 1，0.244 0，0.244 7，0.265 2 and 0.149 9 μg/mL，respectively. The results of intermediate precision ，stability（24 h）and repeatability tests all met the relevant requirements. The average recovery rates were 104.00％-108.04％，102.00％-104.94％，100.99％-106.89％，92.00％-95.18％，102.00％-105.06％，103.90％-107.00％（n＝3）， respectively. The contents of impurity A ，B and D in 3 batches of Olmesartan medoxomil hydrochlorothiazide tablets were 0.90％ -1.00％ ，0-0.11％ ，0.16％ -0.24％ ，respectively. The impurity C and other impurities were not detected. There is no significant difference between the results measured by the established method and by the external standard method. CONCLUSIONS：The method has been proved to be highly sensitive and reproducible. It can be used to simultaneously determine four known substances in Olmesartan medoxomil hydrochlorothiazide tablets.

Objective: To evaluate the methodological quality of papers that performed meta-analyzed and systematically reviewed acupoint selections for the treatment of functional dyspepsia (FD) and to identify the ideal acupoint combinations for FD. Methods: Chinese databases including China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), China Biology Medicine (CBM), and Wanfang Database, as well as English databases including PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched to retrieve papers about meta-analysis and systematic literature reviews on acupuncture for FD. The time span for the paper retrieval was set from the foundation of the databases to April 30, 2022. The Veritas scores of the papers based on their publication year, study type, Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR2), Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), heterogeneity, and publication bias were rated to assess the methodological quality of the included studies. Then, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were extracted from those meta-analysis papers or systematic literature reviews for analyzing acupoints frequency, meridian frequency, and association rules with the use of R software (V 4.3.1). Results: Eight meta-analysis papers were included in the study after screening. The mean Veritas scores of the papers based on publication year, type of study, AMSTAR2, PRISMA, heterogeneity, and publication bias were 4.50, 8.00, 4.63, 4.63, 4.50, and 6.13, respectively. The analysis of the scores revealed insufficiencies in the reviews pertaining to the methodology, comprehension of the research strategy, detailed list of excluded studies, sources of funding, assessment of potential bias risks impact on meta-analysis results in each study, explanation of heterogeneity, and identification of potential conflicts of interest. Furthermore, a total of 85 RCTs were obtained from the eight meta-analysis papers involving 85 acupuncture prescriptions and 67 acupoints for subsequent data mining. The most commonly used meridian was Stomach meridian of Foot-Yangming (ST). Zusanli (ST36), Neiguan (PC6), Zhongwan (CV12), Taichong (LR3), Tianshu (ST25), Gongsun (SP4), Weishu (BL21), Pishu (BL20), Neiting (ST44), and Yinlingquan (SP9) topped the list of frequently selected acupoints. Additionally, a total of 28 association rules were identified, including 10 second-order, 15 third-order, and 3 fourth-order association rules. The top-ranking association rules in each order were “Neiguan (PC6) → Zusanli (ST36)” “Zhongwan (CV12) + Neiguan (PC6) → Zusanli (ST36)” and “Zhongwan (CV12) + Taichong (LR3) + Neiguan (PC6) → Zusanli (ST36)”, respectively. Conclusion Acupuncture could alleviate the clinical symptoms of FD. However, the quality of methodology applied in the meta-analysis papers on the subject needs to be improved. Through data mining, a combination of Neiguan (PC6), Zusanli (ST36), Zhongwan (CV12), and Taichong (LR3) was identified as an essential acupoint combination for the treatment of FD.

FU Qingzhu Nyuke·Zhongzi is a concentrated manifestation of Fu′s academic thoughts of promoting conception (Zhongzi), which affects the treatment of infertility in later generations. However, the Zhongzi chapter is named after "symptoms" and is not divided into chapters according to "syndromes, "limiting the clinical application of Fu′s thoughts of Zhongzi. The "qi circle in round" theory is the crystallization of HUANG Yuanyu′s academic thinking, advocating for qi transformation, emphasizing middle qi, and considering the four phenomena. This theory highlights the role of middle qi in the rise, fall, and circulation of disease development. The "qi cycle in round" theory, a comprehensive view of Fu′s Zhongzi chapter, reveals that FU Qingzhu emphasizes the transformation of visceral qi in diagnosing and treating infertility, focusing on the spleen, liver, and kidneys. His prescription aims to restore the overall qi mechanism of the body, highlighting the circulation of middle earth and the dredging of meridians, aligning perfectly with the theory of the "qi cycle in round." Therefore, this article argues from the perspective of the "qi cycle in round, "deconstructing the pathogenesis of Fu′s infertility based on the dereliction of spleen earth, stagnation of liver wood, and kidney yin and yang deficiency. It reorganizes Fu′s formula system of Zhongzi by mediating middle earth, soothing liver depression, and regulating kidney function, summarizing the characteristics of Fu′s thoughts of Zhongzi with the aid of qi around the waist and navel, simultaneous treatment of conqenital and acquired essence, and restriction and generation of five phases. Based on the "qi cycle in round" theory, this study explores Fu′s academic thoughts of Zhongzi to strengthen the organic integration of Fu′s academic thoughts of Zhongzi with the theory of "qi cycle in round, "providing new perspectives for the study and inheritance of Fu′s academic thoughts of Zhongzi.