Objective To evaluate the effect of Yiqifumai mixture on ventricular arrhythmia induced by isoproterenol. Methods Forty spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR) were randomly divided into a control group and a Chinese medicine (TCM) group with 20 rats in each group. The control group was given distilled water 3.48 mL·kg-1·d-1, and the TCM group was given Yiqifumai mixture (composition: Codonopsis pilosula, Rhizoma coptidis, Pinellia ternate, Euonymus alatus, Rhizome of chuanxiong, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Radix paeoniae rubra, Radix paeonia alba, Licorice, Zizyphus jujuba, Polygala tenuifolia) 3.48 mL·kg-1·d-1, both groups were administered continuously for 7 days. Arrhythmia was induced by subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol 100 mg/kg into the neck 1 hour after the last administration in both groups. ECG telemetry was carried out for 2 hours to record whether single premature ventricular contraction (SP), paired premature ventricular contraction (PP) and ventricular tachycardia (VT) occurred in the control group and the TCM group, and the incidences, numbers and times of their occurrences were registered. Results There were no statistical significant differences in SP incidence (SPR), PP incidence (PPR), VT incidence (VTR) between the control group and TCM group at 1 hour and 2 hours [1 hour SPR was 90% (18/20) vs. 80% (16/20), PPR was 65% (13/20) vs. 65% (13/20), VTR was 45% (9/20) vs. 40% (8/20); 2 hours SPR was 100% (20/20) vs. 100% (20/20), PPR was 75% (15/20) vs. 75% (15/20), VTR was 65% (13/20) vs. 60% (12/20); all P > 0.05]. After 1 hour of ECG telemetry, the number of SP in the TCM group was significantly lower than that in the control group [numbers: 10.00 (4.00, 11.00) vs. 16.00 (8.50, 42.50), P < 0.05]; after 2 hours of ECG telemetry, the numbers of SP, PP and VT in the TCM group were significantly lower than those in the control group [SP (numbers), 27.00 (15.50, 38.00) vs. 37.50 (24.00, 74.50), PP (numbers), 5.00 (3.00, 8.00) vs 7.00 (5.00, 11.00), VT (numbers), 2.50 (1.25, 4.00) vs. 7.00 (4.50, 11.00), all P <0.05]. After 1 hour and 2 hours of ECG telemetry, the occurrence times of SP, PP and VT were slightly longer than those in cintrol group, but there were no significant differences between the two groups [1 hour: SP (minutes) was 4.35 (3.65, 9.90) vs. 3.66 (1.12, 9.52), PP (minutes) was 35.56 (26.78, 46.42) vs. 23.39 (11.74, 43.42), VT (minutes) was 22.31 (6.25, 30.02) vs. 14.27 (8.79, 31.38); 2 hours: SP (minutes) was 7.06 (3.65,12.29) vs. 4.09 (1.38, 14.11), PP (minutes) was 46.40 (33.88, 71.39) vs. 33.81(14.54, 46.20), VT (minutes) was 75.49 (59.37, 96.63) vs. 60.55 (24.65, 86.48), all P > 0.05]. Conclusion Yiqifumai mixture has the effect of anti-arrhythmia induced by isoproterenol and its effect in longer term use is more significant.

Objective To investigate the antithrombotic function of traditional medicine salvia and aspirin in the myocardial infarction rats. Methods The myocardial infarction animal model was established by ligating left anterior descending coronary artery. The rats were randomly divided into the model group, the aspirin group, the salvia miltiorrhiza group, and the combination therapy group, with 8 rats in each group. The salvia miltiorrhiza group was injected with Danshen freeze-dried powder 17 mg/kg via tail vein injection, aspirin group was given aspirin 10 mg/kg, the combination group was given aspirin 10 mg/kg with the tail vein injected with Danshen freeze-dried powder 17 mg/kg, and the model group was given an equal volume of normal saline with an equal volume of saline injected into the tail vein. Continuous administration last 10 days, once daily. The blood coagulation, platelet aggregation, thromboxane B2, 6-Keto-F1α and von Willebrand factor were detected and compared. Results Compared with the model group, the maximum platelet aggregation rate(32.55％ ± 9.57 ％, 32.16％ ± 10.76％, 19.74％ ± 6.70％ vs. 58.75％ ± 4.81％) in the rats of the aspirin group, the salvia group and the combined treatment group significantly decreased, and the contents of TXB2 (70.58 ± 9.31 ng/ml, 73.10 ± 11.33 ng/ml, 49.25 ± 5.33 ng/ml vs. 107.86 ± 17.45 ng/ml) decreased (P<0.01). The maximum platelet aggregation rate and contents of TXB2 in the combination group were lower than those in the aspirin group and the salvia group (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the 6-Keto-PGF1α content (67.64 ± 7.12 ng/ml, 81.72 ± 10.72 ng/ml vs. 57.80 ± 11.19 ng/ml) of the aspirin group and the combined treatment groupwas increased (P<0.05), prothrombin time (13.11 ± 0.67 s, 15.85 ± 0.25 s vs. 10.77 ± 0.46 s) prolonged (P<0.05), vWF (51.31 ± 4.12 ng/ml, 47.72 ± 10.32 ng/ml vs. 128.81 ± 11.14 ng/ml) decreased (P<0.05). The contents of 6-Keto-PGF1α of the combined treatment group was increased compared with aspirin group and salvia group (P<0.05), prothrombin time decreased than aspirin group (P<0.05) and Salvia group and vWF decreased than Salvia group (P<0.05). Conclusions The salvia miltiorrhiza and aspirin combination therapy has synergistic effect on anti-platelet aggregation and anticoagulant effect. The salvia miltiorrhiza and aspirin combination therapy showed small bleeding risk.

The sodium hydrogen exchanger 1 (NHE1), which functions in maintaining the ratio of Na+ and H+ ions, is widely distributed in cell plasma membranes. It plays a prominent role in pH balancing, cell proliferation, differentiation, adhesion, and migration. However, its exact subcellular location and biological functions in Toxoplasma gondii are largely unclear. In this study, we cloned the C-terminal sequence of T. gondii NHE1 (TgNHE1) incorporating the C-terminal peptide of NHE1 (C-NHE1) into the pGEX4T-1 expression plasmid. The peptide sequence was predicted to have good antigenicity based on the information obtained from an immune epitope database. After induction of heterologous gene expression with isopropyl-b-D-thiogalactoside, the recombinant C-NHE1 protein successfully expressed in a soluble form was purified by glutathione sepharose beads as an immunogen for production of a rabbit polyclonal antiserum. The specificity of this antiserum was confirmed by western blotting and immunofluorescence. The antiserum could reduce T. gondii invasion into host cells, indicated by the decreased TgNHE1 expression in T. gondii parasites that were pre-incubated with antiserum in the process of cell entry. Furthermore, the antiserum reduced the virulence of T. gondii parasites to host cells in vitro, possibly by blocking the release of Ca2+. In this regard, this antiserum has potential to be a valuable tool for further studies of TgNHE1.
Animals ; Cell Line ; Immune Sera/genetics/immunology/*metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Protozoan Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Rabbits ; Recombinant Proteins/immunology ; Sheep ; Sodium-Hydrogen Antiporter/genetics/immunology/*metabolism ; Toxoplasma/genetics/immunology/*metabolism ; Toxoplasmosis/parasitology/prevention & control