Objective To investigate the efficacy and accuracy of 3D printing individualized navigation templates used in shoulder hemi-arthroplasty (HA).Methods We collected 9 adult cadaveric specimens of 18 shoulders with no obvious deformities or defects.After CT scanning was conducted on bilateral shoulders,the raw CT data in DICOM format were imported into software Mimics 10.01 and Imageware 12.0 to reconstruct 3D shoulder models.The retroversion angles and heights of bilateral humeral heads were measured to design individualized navigational templates using software Geomagic Studio 12.0.Rapid prototyping (RP) technique was used to manufacture the individualized navigation templates which were then used to assist shoulder HA in cadaveric specimens.CT scanning was performed postoperatively to measure the retroversion angle and height of the prosthesis implanted for comparison with the preoperative measurements.Results Before shoulder replacement in the 9 cadaveric specimens,respectively,the heights of left and right humeral heads averaged 300.0 ± 11.6 mm and 300.0 ± 11.4 mm,and the retroversion angles 15.6°±4.9° and 15.9°± 4.9°.After the replacement,the heights of left and right humeral heads averaged 300.0 ± 11.3 mm and 300.0 ± 11.7 mm,respectively,and the retroversion angles 15.7° ± 4.9° and 15.8° ± 5.2°,respectively.There were no significant differences between the left and right sides in the pre-or post-operative heights or retroversion angles of the humeral head (P ＞ 0.05).There were no significant differences either between preand post-operation in the heights or retroversion angles of the left and right humeral heads (P ＞ 0.05).The mean errors for the preoperative and postoperative heights and retroversion angles of the humeral heads were 1.44 ± 0.96 mm and 0.25° ± 0.15°,respectively.Conclusion Individualized navigation templates 3D printed can be used to assist effective and accurate shoulder HA because they are designed and manufactured according to accurate measurements of retroversion angles and heights of the humeral heads which are acquired by computer preoperatively.

Due to the fact that the articular cartilage of children's joints has not yet been fully ossified, visualizing the adjacent anatomical structures during the clinical diagnosis and treatment of joint diseases and injuries in children is a challenging issue. Arthrography is an efficient, convenient, and minimally invasive technique, and is particularly crucial for the visualization of children's hip joints. Currently, arthrography technology is widely employed during surgeries for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), and in recent years, numerous studies have concentrated on the efficacy of joint angiography, exploring its assessment and predictive roles during and after the operation. We review the overview of hip joint arthrography techniques, such as the concept of arthrography, the selection of access routes for hip joint arthrography, the process of hip joint arthrography, the dosage and operation of contrast agents, and the adverse reactions of contrast agents; the use of hip joint arthrography to evaluate the quality of closed reduction; the use of hip joint arthrography to predict the future development and outcome of the acetabulum after closed reduction; the use of hip joint arthrography in the study of open reduction or osteotomy; the use of hip joint arthrography to observe the morphology of soft tissues in the hip joint; the use of hip joint arthrography in combination with nuclear magnetic resonance to observe the anatomical structure of the acetabular labrum. Summarizing the research results of arthrography for evaluating the corresponding indicators of the hip joint helps improve the matching between the femoral head and the acetabulum and the accuracy of evaluating the quality of reduction, uncovers identifying factors such as labrum varus that hinder concentric reduction, enhances the ability to predict the development and outcome of the acetabulum, and has significant guiding significance for the precise selection of the timing of surgical intervention for early and residual deformities in children with DDH. Exploring the application of arthrography technology in evaluating the quality of closed reduction in DDH and predicting the development of the acetabulum after reduction is expected to provide meaningful references for orthopedic surgeons in the current clinical diagnosis, treatment, and research of DDH.

In order to better control the quality of Flos Puerariae(FP),qualitative and quantitative analyses were initially performed by using chemical fingerprint and chemometrics methods in this study.First,the fingerprint of FP was developed by HPLC and the chemical markers were screened out by similarity analysis(SA),hierarchical clustering analysis(HCA),principal components analysis(PCA),and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA).Next,the chemical constituents in FP were profiled and identified by HPLC coupled to Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry(HPLC-FT-ICR MS).Then,the characteristic constituents in FP were quantitatively analyzed by HPLC.As a result,31 common peaks were assigned in the fingerprint and 6 of them were considered as qualitative markers.A total of 35 chemical constituents were detected by HPLC-FT-ICR MS and 16 of them were unambiguously identified by comparing retention time,UV absorption wavelength,accurate mass,and MS/MS data with those of reference standards.Subsequently,the contents of glycitin,genistin,tectoridin,glycitein,genistein,and tectorigenin in 13 batches of FP were detected,ranging from 0.4438 to 11.06 mg/g,0.955 to 1.726 mg/g,9.81 to 57.22 mg/g,3.349 to 41.60 mg/g,0.3576 to 0.989 mg/g,and 2.126 to 9.99 mg/g,respectively.In conclusion,fingerprint analysis in combination with chemometrics methods could discover chemical markers for improving the quality control standard of FP.It is expected that the strategy applied in this study will be valuable for further quality control of other traditional Chinese medicines.

Objective:To explore the effect and mechanism of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid-Photodynamic Therapy (5-ALA-PDT) on the apoptosis of the human colonic carcinoma HT-29 cells.Methods:HT-29 cells were cultured in vivio and divided into four groups: blank control group, 5-ALA group, PDT group and 5-ALA-PDT group.The control group was not given photosensitizer and light treatment; 5-ALA group was given photosensitizer ; PDT group was given light treatment; 5-ALA-PDT group was given photosensitizer and light treatment at the same time. Flow cytometry was used to observe the apoptosis of HT-29 cells. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to observe the expression of B-type lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) in HT-29 cells. Ultraviolet spectrophotometry was used to detect the expression of Caspase-3. Results:The apoptotic rate of 5-ALA-PDT group was significantly higher than that of blank control group, 5-ALA group and PDT group ( P<0.05). Compared with the blank control group, 5-ALA-PDT group and PDT group, the expression of Bcl-2 in the 5-ALA-PDT group was statistically significant ( P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in Bax expression among the four groups ( P>0.05). The expression of Bax/Bcl-2 in 5-ALA-PDT group was significantly higher than that in blank control group, 5-ALA group and PDT group ( P<0.05). The expression of Caspase-3 in 5-ALA-PDT group was significantly higher than that in blank control group, 5-ALA group and PDT group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:5-ALA-PDT can induce apoptosis of HT-29 cells, and its mechanism may be related to the induction of apoptosis through Bax/Bcl-2 pathway.

Objective:To investigate the accumulation of porphyrin metabolites [uroporphyrinogen (UP) Ⅰ and coproporphyrinogen (CP) Ⅲ] induced by 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) in the urine of rats with colorectal cancer.Methods:The rat model of colorectal cancer was established by dimethylhydrazine (DMH). Urine samples were collected from 30 colorectal cancer rats (colorectal cancer group) and 30 normal rats (normal group). Each animal was given 5-ALA (50 mg/kg) by gavage, and urine was collected after 2, 4, 6 and 8 h. The contents of urinary porphyromogen Ⅰ and porphyromogen faecalis Ⅲ in urine were detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).Results:There was no significant difference in the contents of UP Ⅰ and CP Ⅲ in urine between colorectal cancer group and normal group before oral administration of 5-ALA ( P>0.05). After oral administration of 5-ALA, the contents of UP Ⅰ and CP Ⅲ in urine of colorectal cancer group were significantly higher than those of normal group ( P<0.05). The contents of UP Ⅰ and CP Ⅲ in urine of colorectal cancer group reached the highest value at 4 hours. According to the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve drawn from 4-hour test results, the threshold value of UP Ⅰ for colorectal cancer diagnosis was 50.43 μmol/g, with corresponding sensitivity 96.7%, and the specificity 63.3%, respectively. The threshold value of CP Ⅲ for colorectal cancer diagnosis was 108.85 μmol/g, with corresponding sensitivity 66.7%, and the specificity 86.7%, respectively. Conclusions:The accumulation of porphyrin metabolites induced by 5-ALA in the urine of rats with colorectal cancer is significant. The porphyrin metabolites in urine may be a new tumor marker of colorectal cancer, which provides an experimental basis for the diagnosis of colorectal cancer.

Objective:To investigate the changes of porphyrin metabolites in urine of patients with colorectal cancer before and after operation and their correlation with prognosis.Methods:One hundred patients with colorectal cancer were collected in First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University from June 2016 to December 2016, urine was collected before operation, 1 week after operation, 1 year after operation and before recurrence. The contents of urinary porphyrin metabolites of uroporphyrinogenI (UP Ⅰ) and coproporphyrinogen Ⅲ(CP Ⅲ) were detected by high performance liquid chromatography. Toanalyse the changes of UPⅠ and CPⅢ levels before and after operaction of colorectal cancer and their correlation with clinicopathologicalcharacteristics,and the recurrence and metastasis after operation.Results:The levels of UPⅠ and CPⅢ in urine of patients with colorectal cancer after operation were significantly lower than those before operation [(66.80 ± 17.62) μmol/g vs. (35.58 ± 9.32) μmol/g, (20.14 ± 3.14) μmol/g vs. (10.38 ± 0.85) μmol/g] ( P<0.05). The levels of UP Ⅰ and CP Ⅲ in urine of patients with Dukes C/D stage were significantly higher than those with Dukes A/B stage [(45.26 ± 5.26) μmol/g vs. (28.56 ± 3.45) μmol/g, (86.57 ± 6.58) μmol/g vs. (52.48 ± 3.36) μmol/g], the levels of UP Ⅰand CPⅢ in urine of patients with lymph node metastasis were significantly higher than those without lymph node metastasis [(45.44 ± 5.46) μmol/g vs. (30.27 ± 6.07) μmol/g, (86.67 ± 6.87) μmol/g vs. (56.10 ± 11.08) μmol/g], there were significant differences ( P<0.05). Urinary levels of UPⅠ and CPⅢ were independent risk factors for recurrence and metastasis of colorectal cancer after operation ( OR=1.149 and 1.065, P<0.05). Conclusions:Porphyrin metabolites (UPⅠ and CPⅢ) in urine may serve as a new marker for assessing colorectal cancer.

Objective: To study the application of urinary 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA)detection in screening and identification of colorectal cancer and adenomatous polyps. Methods: The clinical data of 500 high-risk patients(including 22 cases with colorectal cancer, 134 cases with adenomatous polyps, and 344 cases with other patients) at the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University from January 2018 to October 2018 were collected. High performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) was used to detect urinary 5-ALA and fecal occult blood test was used to detect faeces. Sensitivity and specificity of two methods was compared. At the same time, urine samples of 431 cases(including 22 cases with colorectal cancer, 134 cases with adenomatous polyps and 275 cases with colorectal normal mucosa)were collected, and the difference of the content of urinary 5-ALA among three groups was compared. Results: The sensitivity of urinary 5-ALA for the colorectal cancer screening was74.9%, and the specificity was 72.5%. The sensitivity of urinary 5-ALA for the adenomatous polyps screening was 70.1%, and the specificity was75.0%. The sensitivity of fecal occult blood test for the colorectal cancer screening was 63.6%, and the specificity was 62.1%. The sensitivity of fecal occult blood test for the adenomatous polyps screening was 42.3%, and the specificity was 62.5%. The content of urinary 5-ALA of the colorectal cancer group [(9.35 ± 0.46) μmol/g] was significantly higher than that of the adenomatous polyps group [(7.24 ± 0.64) μmol/g] (P < 0.05) and normal colorectal mucosa group [(3.12 ± 0.24) μmol/g] (P < 0.05), and the content of urinary 5-ALA of the adenomatous polyps group was significantly higher than that of colorectal normal mucosa group (P < 0.05). Conclusions For screening of colorectal cancer and adenomatous polyps, the content of urinary 5-ALA by HPLC is better than fecal occult blood test, and this approach can do great help to identify colorectal cancer, adenomatous polyps and normal colorectal mucosa.

OBJECTIVE： To descriptively analyze the status quo of medication therapy management （MTM） at home and abroad， and to provide reference for the development of MTM in China. METHODS：Retrieved from PubMed， Embase， Cochrane Library， CNKI， VIP， Wanfang database， CBM，and simultaneously searched Google and Baidu， retrieve time from the database establishment to March 2019， Chinese retrieval words： “medication therapy management”， English retrieval words： “Medication therapy management” “Management”“Medication therapy”“Therapy management”“Medication”“Drug therapy management”， etc. Domestic and foreign MTM literatures were included. Descriptive analysis was conducted in terms of literature publication， research type distribution， disease distribution and the status quo of MTM literatures in women and children. The necessity and feasibility of MTM in the field of women and children were analyzed. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS： A total of 403 MTM related literatures （344 foreign， 59 domestic） were included. Among them， the foreign MTM literatures had 154 secondary researches and 190 original studies， clinical value， economic value and humanistic value of MTM were studied in repsects of service providers， service objects， service processes， service effects and other parties. Domestic MTM literatures had 37 secondary researches and 22 original researches， which mainly introduced the US MTM， including implementation background， concept， elements， application status， etc.； the significance and prospects of MTM in China were analyzed. Domestic and foreign MTM literatures mostly focused on chronic diseases in the elderly， mainly endocrine and cardiovascular diseases， such as hypertension， diabetes， and kidney disease. 11 studies about women and children MTM were included （women 5 studies and children 6 studies）； 4 of them were review， 5 were cross-sectional studies， and 2 were case reports. The effects of women and children MTM were introduced in the included literatures from the times of interventions， the number of drug-related problems prevention or improvement， the patient’s clinical outcomes， etc. MTM studies have great differences between at home and aboard in terms of the number of literatures， research types and contents. The researches focus on the field of chronic diseases in the elderly， and there is little literature on MTM in the field of women and children. It is necessary to provide MTM services for women and children in the light of the Millennium Development Goals proposed by the United Nations and the increasing problem of women and children medication. It is suggested to use the MTM model to develop women and children chronic disease pharmaceutical service so as to promote the transformation of pharmacists and improve the quality of pharmaceutical care.