AIM: To optimize the spray-drying process of Qingxiang Tablets. METHODS: Excipients were selected in terms of hygroscopicity and yield rate of dried powders with several excipients added;then,the process parameters,such as the relative density of fluid extracts,intake temperature,and the input speed of liquid feedstock were optimized by orthogonal experiment,in which the transfer rate of peoniflorin,a constituent in the formulation,and dried powder yield rate were set up as the evaluation index. RESULTS: The optimal processing conditions were obtained and validated as follows: relative density of liquid feedstock was 1.12 mg/mL(containing 6%?-CD),the input speed was 10 mL/min and intake temperature was at 190 ?C. CONCLUSION: The optimal process is stable and the experimental results provide the basis of industrial production.

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) catalyzes the first and rate-limiting step of the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway, existing in both cytosolic and plastidic compartments of higher plants. Its main function is to provide reducing power (NADPH) and pentose phosphates for reductive biosynthesis and maintenance of the redox state of the cell. In addition, the expression of this enzyme is related to different biotic and abiotic stresses. In this review, we analyzed the isoenzyme, regulation and biological function of G6PDH. Meanwhile, we summarized the progress work of G6PDH involved in stress resistance, gene cloning, enzyme-deficiency and cluster analysis. Problems should be solved were also discussed.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase ; genetics ; metabolism ; physiology ; Isoenzymes ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Pentose Phosphate Pathway ; physiology ; Plants ; enzymology ; metabolism

Objective:To detect and analyze the infections of respiratory pathogens in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(AECOPD).Methods:Through retrospective analysis, 335 AECOPD patients hospitalized from October 2016 to September 2018 in the First People′s Hospital of Pinghu were selected.The indirect immunofluorescence method was used to detect IgM antibody of eight kinds of respiratory pathogens, and the results were analyzed.Results:The positive rate of respiratory pathogens-IgM antibody in patients with AECOPD was 29.9%.There were 57 cases with one single pathogen infection, 36 cases with two pathogens mixed infection, 7 cases with three kinds of pathogens mixed infection.The influenza virus B [52.0%(78/150)] was the most common, followed by influenza virus A [27.3%(41/150)], the positive rates of pathogens were influenza virus B>influenza virus A>respiratory syncytial virus>parainfluenza virus>Legionella pneumophila>Mycoplasma pneumoniae>Chlamydia pneumoniae>adenovirus.There was no statistically significant difference in different age groups(χ 2=0.047, P=0.829). The positive rates of pathogens-IgM in spring[55.3%(63/114)] and winter[58.1%(54/93)] were higher than those in summer[26.2%(16/61)] and autumn[25.4%(17/67)], the differences were statistically significant(χ 2=30.398, P<0.01). Conclusion:AECOPD is closely related with respiratory pathogens, especially influenza virus.We should do preventive work well in epidemic season.

Objective:To investigate the value of radiomics features derived from cardiac MR (CMR) cine images for predicting late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM).Methods:Firstly, a total of 300 HCM patients with definite diagnosis who underwent CMR examination in Beijing Anzhen Hospital from May 2017 to August 2021 were retrospectively included, and were divided into a training set and a test set with a proportion of 7∶3 using random stratified sampling method. Then, a total of 89 HCM patients with definite diagnosis who underwent CMR examination in Beijing Anzhen Hospital from January 2022 to May 2023 were included for external validation. The CVI42 software was used to obtain the cardiac function parameters. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), Pearson correlation coefficient and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) were used to select radiomics features. Finally, LASSO regression and three machine learning algorithms (including support vector machine, linear discriminant analysis and naive Bayes) were used to build prediction models. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the prediction value of the model.Results:Totally 1 409 features were extracted from each patient, and 19 features were retained to build radiomics signature after dimension reduction. Although no significant differences among the four methods, the prediction performance and stability of LASSO regression were relatively good. The AUC was 0.795 (95%CI 0.735-0.855) in the training set, 0.765 (95%CI 0.668-0.862) in the test set and 0.721(95%CI 0.598-0.845) in the external validation set.Conclusions:The features extracted from CMR cine images can be used to predict LGE in HCM patients. LASSO regression is recommended for model construction.

Plant metabolites are important for plant development and human health. Plants of celery (Apiumgraveolens L.) with different-colored petioles have been formed in the course of long-term evolution. However, the composition, content distribution, and mechanisms of accumulation of metabolites in different-colored petioles remain elusive. Using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS), 1159 metabolites, including 100 lipids, 72 organic acids and derivatives, 83 phenylpropanoids and polyketides, and several alkaloids and terpenoids, were quantified in four celery cultivars, each with a different petiole color. There were significant differences in the types and contents of metabolites in celery with different-colored petioles, with the most striking difference between green celery and purple celery, followed by white celery and green celery. Annotated analysis of metabolic pathways showed that the metabolites of the different-colored petioles were significantly enriched in biosynthetic pathways such as anthocyanin, flavonoid, and chlorophyll pathways, suggesting that these metabolic pathways may play a key role in determining petiole color in celery. The content of chlorophyll in green celery was significantly higher than that in other celery cultivars, yellow celery was rich in carotenoids, and the content of anthocyanin in purple celery was significantly higher than that in the other celery cultivars. The color of the celery petioles was significantly correlated with the content of related metabolites. Among the four celery cultivars, the metabolites of the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway were enriched in purple celery. The results of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) suggested that the differential expression of the chalcone synthase (CHS) gene in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway might affect the biosynthesis of anthocyanin in celery. In addition, HPLC analysis revealed that cyanidin is the main pigment in purple celery. This study explored the differences in the types and contents of metabolites in celery cultivars with different-colored petioles and identified key substances for color formation. The results provide a theoretical basis and technical support for genetic improvement of celery petiole color.
Anthocyanins ; Apium/metabolism* ; Chlorophyll/metabolism* ; Color ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Humans ; Metabolomics ; Plant Proteins/genetics* ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry