AIM: To optimize the spray-drying process of Qingxiang Tablets. METHODS: Excipients were selected in terms of hygroscopicity and yield rate of dried powders with several excipients added;then,the process parameters,such as the relative density of fluid extracts,intake temperature,and the input speed of liquid feedstock were optimized by orthogonal experiment,in which the transfer rate of peoniflorin,a constituent in the formulation,and dried powder yield rate were set up as the evaluation index. RESULTS: The optimal processing conditions were obtained and validated as follows: relative density of liquid feedstock was 1.12 mg/mL(containing 6%?-CD),the input speed was 10 mL/min and intake temperature was at 190 ?C. CONCLUSION: The optimal process is stable and the experimental results provide the basis of industrial production.

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) catalyzes the first and rate-limiting step of the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway, existing in both cytosolic and plastidic compartments of higher plants. Its main function is to provide reducing power (NADPH) and pentose phosphates for reductive biosynthesis and maintenance of the redox state of the cell. In addition, the expression of this enzyme is related to different biotic and abiotic stresses. In this review, we analyzed the isoenzyme, regulation and biological function of G6PDH. Meanwhile, we summarized the progress work of G6PDH involved in stress resistance, gene cloning, enzyme-deficiency and cluster analysis. Problems should be solved were also discussed.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase ; genetics ; metabolism ; physiology ; Isoenzymes ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Pentose Phosphate Pathway ; physiology ; Plants ; enzymology ; metabolism

Objective To explore the application effects of Donabedian's structure-process-outcome three-dimension quality assessment model on perioperative blood glucose management among elderly patients with hip fracture. Methods From September 2016 to April 2017, a total of 129 elderly patients with hip fracture of the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University were numbered according to admission order. From September to December 2016, a total of 62 cases were in control group receiving routine blood glucose management. From January to April 2017, 67 cases were in observation group treated with blood glucose management based on Donabedian's three-dimension quality assessment model. And then, we compared the blood glucose on admission and before discharge, waiting time before surgery, healing time of wound and cases of hypoglycemia. At the same time, we investigated the demands of training content of medical staff (n=133). Results There was no statistical difference in the first blood glucose 24 hours after admission and 2 hours after meal of patients between two groups (P＞0.05). After intervention, the waiting time before surgery, healing time of wound and incidence rate of hypoglycemia in observation group [(3.34±0.88) d, (4.43±1.38) d and (3/67, 4.5%)]were less than those in control group [(4.63±1.41) d, (6.47±2.24) d and (10/62, 16.1%)];the fasting blood glucose and blood glucose 2 hours after meal in observation group [(5.96±1.21), (7.60±0.96) mmol/L] were lower than those in control group [(10.80±1.14), (9.94±1.98) mmol/L]one day before discharge all with significant differences (P＜ 0.05). There was also significant difference in blood glucose 2 hours after meal in observation group before and after intervention (P＜0.05). The demands of training content of medical staff (n=133) included diet management, correct usage of insulin, oral hypoglycemic agents instruction, blood glucose monitoring management;the influencing factors on implementing blood glucose management involved busy work, inconsistent dinner time, insufficient knowledge, and so forth. Conclusions Blood glucose management process based on Donabedian's three-dimension quality assessment model can effectively control perioperative blood glucose among elderly patients with hip fracture, shorten waiting time before surgery as well as healing time of wound and reduce cases of hypoglycemia which makes for overall rehabilitation of patients.

Objective:To detect and analyze the infections of respiratory pathogens in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(AECOPD).Methods:Through retrospective analysis, 335 AECOPD patients hospitalized from October 2016 to September 2018 in the First People′s Hospital of Pinghu were selected.The indirect immunofluorescence method was used to detect IgM antibody of eight kinds of respiratory pathogens, and the results were analyzed.Results:The positive rate of respiratory pathogens-IgM antibody in patients with AECOPD was 29.9%.There were 57 cases with one single pathogen infection, 36 cases with two pathogens mixed infection, 7 cases with three kinds of pathogens mixed infection.The influenza virus B [52.0%(78/150)] was the most common, followed by influenza virus A [27.3%(41/150)], the positive rates of pathogens were influenza virus B>influenza virus A>respiratory syncytial virus>parainfluenza virus>Legionella pneumophila>Mycoplasma pneumoniae>Chlamydia pneumoniae>adenovirus.There was no statistically significant difference in different age groups(χ 2=0.047, P=0.829). The positive rates of pathogens-IgM in spring[55.3%(63/114)] and winter[58.1%(54/93)] were higher than those in summer[26.2%(16/61)] and autumn[25.4%(17/67)], the differences were statistically significant(χ 2=30.398, P<0.01). Conclusion:AECOPD is closely related with respiratory pathogens, especially influenza virus.We should do preventive work well in epidemic season.

Objective To explore the implementation methods and effects of precise quality control model mediated by nursing quality indexes in quality management.Methods Fifty-seven care units with complete quality control data were collected. From January to December 2015, the 57 using the traditional quality control mode were selected as control group, whilst from January to December 201657 units were chosen for the intervention group using precision quality control mode, that was, to select the number of indicators and target values, screening quality control points, unified the acquisition path of indicators, lock the key departments and monitoring points affecting the quality to carry out quality management performance. We observed the changes of the two groups of quality indicators.Results The nine process quality indicators including wards 6S management, first aid techniques, health education, primary care, first class and critical care nursing, safe treatment, operating nursing documents,drug and sterile product quality and pass rate of identity verification were significant difference between the two groups(P<0.05). The five outcome quality indicators including hospitalized patients fall, dosing defects, hospital pressure sores, burns and urinary uncontrolled extubation rates were significant difference between the two groups(P<0.05) as well.Conclusions The quality control model, which is mediated by the nursing quality index, is helpful to improve the nursing quality. It is an effective quality control mode to achieve continuous improvement of nursing quality.

Sepsis is a syndrome of systemic inflammatory response in which the body′s response to infection is dysregulated, and is characterized by persistent infection, excessive inflammation and immunosuppression, etc. It often leads to organ dysfunction and can be life threatening, and also a common complication after trauma. The pathogenesis of post-traumatic sepsis is still unclear at present due to the complexity of its etiology, progression and prognosis. Multi-omics technology is a method to combine two or more single omics for comprehensive analysis, which can reveal the interaction network among the disease-associated molecules from multiple perspectives and aspects and is of great significance for the analysis of the pathogenesis of post-traumatic sepsis. To this end, the authors reviewed the research progress on the role of multi-omics technology in elucidating the pathogenesis of post-traumatic sepsis from the perspectives of genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, single-cell transcriptomics and combination of multi-omics technologies, etc so as to provide a reference for the researches on post-traumatic sepsis.

Objective:To investigate the value of radiomics features derived from cardiac MR (CMR) cine images for predicting late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM).Methods:Firstly, a total of 300 HCM patients with definite diagnosis who underwent CMR examination in Beijing Anzhen Hospital from May 2017 to August 2021 were retrospectively included, and were divided into a training set and a test set with a proportion of 7∶3 using random stratified sampling method. Then, a total of 89 HCM patients with definite diagnosis who underwent CMR examination in Beijing Anzhen Hospital from January 2022 to May 2023 were included for external validation. The CVI42 software was used to obtain the cardiac function parameters. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), Pearson correlation coefficient and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) were used to select radiomics features. Finally, LASSO regression and three machine learning algorithms (including support vector machine, linear discriminant analysis and naive Bayes) were used to build prediction models. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the prediction value of the model.Results:Totally 1 409 features were extracted from each patient, and 19 features were retained to build radiomics signature after dimension reduction. Although no significant differences among the four methods, the prediction performance and stability of LASSO regression were relatively good. The AUC was 0.795 (95%CI 0.735-0.855) in the training set, 0.765 (95%CI 0.668-0.862) in the test set and 0.721(95%CI 0.598-0.845) in the external validation set.Conclusions:The features extracted from CMR cine images can be used to predict LGE in HCM patients. LASSO regression is recommended for model construction.

Objective·To investigate the expression of miR-146a in peripheral blood CD4+T lymphocytes of patients with rheumatoid arthritis(RA)and its correlation with inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and interleukin-6(IL-6).Methods·A total of 30 active RA patients who received medical treatment and 30 healthy controls who underwent physical examinations at the People's Hospital of Longhua,Shenzhen from August 2019 to July 2021 were selected.Peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs)and CD4+T lymphocytes were isolated from venous blood extracted from RA patients and healthy controls,respectively.Quantitative real-time PCR(qPCR)was used to detect the expression of miR-146a in peripheral blood CD4+T lymphocytes,and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to detect the levels of TNF-α and IL-6.After transfection of the peripheral blood CD4+T lymphocytes of RA patients with miR-146a mimic,the expression of miR-146a,TNF-α and IL-6 was detected again.The correlations between miR-146a expression and TNF-α and IL-6 expression in RA patients,both before and after transfection,were analyzed by using Pearson correlation coefficient.Results·Before transfection with miR-146a mimic,the expression levels of miR-146a,TNF-α and IL-6 in peripheral blood CD4+T lymphocytes of RA patients were significantly higher than those of healthy controls(all P＜0.001).After transfection,the expression of miR-146a in peripheral blood CD4+T lymphocytes of RA patients was significantly higher,and the expression of TNF-α and IL-6 was significantly lower(all P＜0.001).The results of Pearson correlation analysis showed that the expression of miR-146a in peripheral blood CD4+T lymphocytes of RA patients,both before and after transfection,was positively correlated with the expression of TNF-α and IL-6,respectively(r=0.959,P＜0.001;r=0.916,P＜0.001;r=0.971,P＜0.001;r=0.861,P＜0.001).Conclusion·miR-146a can regulate the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in peripheral blood CD4+T lymphocytes of RA patients,indicating that miR-146a may play a role in the pathogenesis of RA.

Myopia-associated optic neuropathy has become an important cause of visual impairment with the increasing prevalence of myopia in recent years.However,the mechanisms for its occurrence and development are still in primary re-search.Numerous studies suggest that structural changes in the optic disc that often occur in the progress of myopia may be closely associated with optic neuropathy.The optic disc is stretched mechanically with the growth of the axial length,resulting in changes in its morphology,biomechanics and blood flow,which may induce optic neuropathy.This review summarized the relationship between pathophysiological histostructural and biomechanical changes,including scleral con-nective tissue remodeling,peripapillary atrophy,tilt and torsion of optic disc,and thinning of lamina cribrosa and peripapil-lary scleral margin,and optic neuropathy in myopic patients,hoping to provide a new insight for early detection and pre-vention of myopia-associated optic neuropathy.

Plant metabolites are important for plant development and human health. Plants of celery (Apiumgraveolens L.) with different-colored petioles have been formed in the course of long-term evolution. However, the composition, content distribution, and mechanisms of accumulation of metabolites in different-colored petioles remain elusive. Using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS), 1159 metabolites, including 100 lipids, 72 organic acids and derivatives, 83 phenylpropanoids and polyketides, and several alkaloids and terpenoids, were quantified in four celery cultivars, each with a different petiole color. There were significant differences in the types and contents of metabolites in celery with different-colored petioles, with the most striking difference between green celery and purple celery, followed by white celery and green celery. Annotated analysis of metabolic pathways showed that the metabolites of the different-colored petioles were significantly enriched in biosynthetic pathways such as anthocyanin, flavonoid, and chlorophyll pathways, suggesting that these metabolic pathways may play a key role in determining petiole color in celery. The content of chlorophyll in green celery was significantly higher than that in other celery cultivars, yellow celery was rich in carotenoids, and the content of anthocyanin in purple celery was significantly higher than that in the other celery cultivars. The color of the celery petioles was significantly correlated with the content of related metabolites. Among the four celery cultivars, the metabolites of the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway were enriched in purple celery. The results of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) suggested that the differential expression of the chalcone synthase (CHS) gene in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway might affect the biosynthesis of anthocyanin in celery. In addition, HPLC analysis revealed that cyanidin is the main pigment in purple celery. This study explored the differences in the types and contents of metabolites in celery cultivars with different-colored petioles and identified key substances for color formation. The results provide a theoretical basis and technical support for genetic improvement of celery petiole color.
Anthocyanins ; Apium/metabolism* ; Chlorophyll/metabolism* ; Color ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Humans ; Metabolomics ; Plant Proteins/genetics* ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry