Influenza viruses are a serious threat to human health and have a major impact on social development, making them a public health and safety hazard worldwide. Therefore, understanding the life cycle of influenza viruses can provide strategies for fighting viral infections. After influenza virus infection, host cells will defend themselves against the virus by activating the innate immune system. There is a close relationship between the virus and host factors, as host factors are required at each stage of the influenza virus life cycle and have different effects on virral proliferation. Polymerase basic protein 1 (PB1), an RNA polymerase subunit, is a key viral protein in influenza virus replication and transcription. This review summarized how different host factors interact with PB1 to regulate the replication, transmission and pathogenicity of influenza viruses, providing new ideas for the development of antiviral drugs.

In recent years, the research on the anti-tumor effect of traditional Chinese medicine has been increasing year by year. Both the effective extracted ingredients of Chinese medicine and its compound preparations have significant efficacy and advantages in tumor treatment. Costunolide, the active ingredient of Aucklandia lappa (a traditional Chinese medicine), is a natural sesquiterpene lactone, which has a variety of pharmacological effects, such as anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, hypoglycemic effect, anti-microbial effect etc. In recent years, more and more experimental studies in vivo and in vitro have shown that this component has anti-tumor activity, which can inhibit the growth of breast cancer, gastric cancer, melanoma cancer, prostate cancer, leukemia, liver cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, esophageal cancer, colorectal cancer, osteosarcoma and other tumors. Its antitumor mechanism mainly lies in the regulation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR, AKT-MDM 2-p53, ROS-AKT/GSK-3β, Bcr / Abl, Stat5 and other signaling pathways, which affects reactive oxygen species, apoptosis-related proteins, autophagy-related proteins, and cyclin, and thus induces apoptosis, causes autophagy and arrests cell cycle in G2 / M phase, G1 phase, and S phase. In addition, the combination of costunolide with imatinib and doxorubicin can attenuate toxicity and enhance anti-tumor effect, and also reverse tumor drug resistance. By consulting and sorting out the relevant research literature at home and abroad, the author summarized the research progress of costunolide on the antitumor effect and mechanism, the combined drug use and the reversal of tumor drug resistance in order to provide theoretical basis for the development and utilization of new drugs of this ingredient.