Objective : To investigate the awareness of nutritional health knowledge regular unpaid blood donors in Zhoushan City, Zhejiang Province, so as to provide insights into nutrition and health education among unpaid blood donors. Methods: The regular unpaid blood donors were sampled using a convenient sampling method from Zhoushan Central Blood Station from January 1, 2021 to June 30, 2022. The nutritional health knowledge was investigated using the Chinese Nutrition Health Knowledge Questionnaire for Adults compiled by Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and the awareness and source of nutritional health knowledge was descriptively analyzed. Results: Totally 526 questionnaires were allocated, and 502 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 95.44%. The respondents included 240 men (47.81%) and 262 women (52.19%), and included 343 individuals at ages of 18 to 44 years (68.33%), and 159 individuals at ages of 45 years and older (31.67%). The overall awareness of nutritional health knowledge was 14.54% among regular unpaid blood donors in Zhoushan City, and a higher awareness was seen among female regular unpaid blood donors (17.56%) than among males (11.25%) (P<0.05), while the awareness of nutritional health knowledge was significantly higher among respondents at ages of 18 to 44 years than among those at ages of 45 years and older (16.91% vs. 9.43%, P<0.05). The awareness of nutritional health knowledge was significantly higher among respondents with an educational level of junior college and above than among those with an educational level of high school/technical secondary school/technical school (17.24% vs. 12.22%, P<0.05), and the awareness was significantly higher among respondents with healthcare-related occupations than among those with other occupations (16.44% vs. 14.22%, P<0.05). Wechat, Weibo, Tik Tok and Kuaishou were main routes to obtain nutritional health knowledge (83.86%). Conclusions The awareness of nutritional health knowledge is low among regular unpaid blood donors in Zhoushan City. Men, middle-aged and elderly residents and residents with a low educational level are targets that should be given a high priority for nutritional health education, and new media may be fully utilized for nutritional health education.

In order to prove safety and efficacy, herbal medicines must undergo the rigorous scientific researches such as pharmacokinetic and bioavailability, before they are put on the market in the foreign countries. Botanical Drug Products promulgated by the US FDA could guide industry sponsors to develop herbal drugs, which was also an important reference for investigating Chinese herbal medicines. This paper reviews and discusses novel approaches for how to assess systemic exposure and pharmacokinetic of Chinese herbal medicines, which were in line with FDA guidance. This mainly focus on identifying pharmacokinetic markers of botanical products, integral pharmacokinetic study of multiple components, Biopharmaceutics drug disposition classification system, and population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic study in herb-drug interaction.
Animals ; Biomarkers, Pharmacological ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Herb-Drug Interactions ; Herbal Medicine ; legislation & jurisprudence ; Humans

OBJECTIVETo explore the molecular basis for an individual with CisAB subtype of the ABO blood group.

METHODSABO antigen and serum antibody of the proband were detected with a serological method. Exons 5 to 7 of the ABO gene were amplified with PCR and sequenced bidirectionally. Allele-specific amplification for exon 6 to 7 was also carried out.

RESULTSThe proband was assigned as a CisAB phenotype based on his serological characteristics. Heterozygous variations including 220C/T, 261G/del, 297A/G, 467C/T, 646A/T, 681A/G, 771C/T, 803G/C, 829A/G and 1009A/G of the ABO gene were identified through direct sequencing, which was assigned as CisAB01var/O02 genotype. Allele-specific amplification indicated that the proband carried an O02 allele and a CisAB01var allele. Compared with A102, the CisAB01var allele has two nucleotide substitutions at 803G>C and 1009A>G, which resulted in replacement of amino acid Gly by Ala at position 268 and Arg by Gly at position 337.

CONCLUSIONThe CisAB subtype was identified with 803G>C and 1009A>G variants in the α1,3-N-acetyl-galactosaminyltransferase gene compared with that of the A102 allele.

OBJECTIVETo explore the transmembrane transport and metabolism of diammonium glycyrrhizinate in intestines of rats.

METHODAn Ussing Chamber model were used to investigate the transmembrane transport of diammonium glycyrrhizinate (GZ), the concentrations of diammonium glycyrrhizinate and its two metabolites were determined by HPLC.

RESULTThe permeability coefficients of GZ in difference intestinal mucous membranes were ranged from 0.3 x 10(-6) cm x s(-1) to 1.1 x 10(-6) cm x s(-1). The metabolism of GZ in enterocytes during its transport process was negligible. The concentration of diammonium glycyrrhizinate and pH had limit effects on the transport amount and the permeability coefficients of GZ.

CONCLUSIONGZ is a low permeability drug, but it can be absorbed at all segments of the small intestine in rats. Ileum is the major absorption region of GZ.

Animals ; Biological Transport ; Cell Membrane Permeability ; Glycyrrhizic Acid ; metabolism ; pharmacokinetics ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Intestine, Small ; chemistry ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Models, Biological ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

【Objective】 To study the characteristics of voluntary apheresis platelet donors in Zhoushan Islands and its influence on the collection and supply of apheresis platelets. 【Methods】 From January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2021, 1038 eligible donors were selected out of 1151 apheresis candidates for demographic analysis, donation time analysis, blood routine test. We also investigated whether the current supply of apheresis platelet met the needs of clinical. The lapsed donors(with only one donation) were telephone interviewed to investigate the lapsing reasons. 【Results】 From 2017 to 2021, the median (M) ratio of platelet donors to the population in Zhoushan City was 0.454 ‰. And 90.18% (1038/1151) of the candidates completed donation, involving 2659 donations and 3205 U products. The per capita donation amount was (1.29±0.77) U per person, which basically met the blood demand in clinical of Zhoushan Islands. The 1038 platelet donors were 18 to 59 yeas old[M(QR) 34(16)], and 47.50% (493/1038) of them aged 31 to 45; the ratio of male to female blood donors was 2.0∶1; 70.61% (733/1038) had college education or above; ABO blood group profile was A>O>B>AB. There were several peak periods of donation during 2017~2021: the second and third quarters of 2017~2019 and the third quarter of 2020; none in 2021, as yeae 2021 was volatile. The donation proportion of the first quarter was the lowest throughout 2017~2021. In 2017 and 2018, the proportion of donors with one donation accounted for 79.79% (75/94) and 51.63% (95/184), respectively. From 2019 to 2021, the proportion of donors with twice or more donation accounted for 60.35% (137/227), 57.36% (187/326) and 53.13% (170/320) , respectively. During 5 years, 10.88% (113/1051) of the candidates failed to donate platelets, of whom 72.57% (82/113) were due to unqualified pre-donation testing. 【Conclusion】 The donation behaviors in Zhoushan have been affected by each above-mentioned demographic factors. The awareness of donation and donation services in Zhoushan have been improved as combing the special geographic condition and demographic characteristics together, and the donation units is elevating yearly which has met the clinical needs of the whole island.

Posterior staphyloma (PS) refers to the local abnormal bulge of the posterior wall of the eyeball, which is one of the common pathological changes in high myopia.The appearance of PS is often accompanied by changes in fundus microstructure such as sclera, choroid and Bruch membrane.The abnormality of fundus microstructure leads to the decrease of its resistance to the expansion of ocular axis, or causes the remodeling of tissue structure in the corresponding area, resulting in the change of microvascular structure, and then giving rise to abnormal blood circulation in the posterior pole.The microcirculatory changes may be followed by changes in fundus microstructure, seriously affecting the visual acuity of the affected eyes.There is still no clear conclusion on the pathogenesis of PS in the world, and there are no good preventive measures or treatment methods.This article reviewed and summarized the interaction between PS, fundus structure and microcirculation in high myopia, so as to provide a theoretical basis for exploring the pathogenesis, prevention and treatment of PS and improving the visual function of high myopia.

The increasing incidence of myopia has become a significant public health issue worldwide.Since its estab-lishment in 2015,the International Myopia Institute(IMI)has published a series of white papers on myopia prevention and control in 2019 and 2021,advancing the scientific management and clinical research of myopia prevention and control worldwide.In 2023,IMI released new white papers on myopia prevention and control.In this paper,the highlights of the third series of IMI white papers on children,young adults,and emerging research areas in myopia are interpreted,intend-ing to help related professionals understand the management and research focus of myopia patients of different ages.

Plant metabolites are important for plant development and human health. Plants of celery (Apiumgraveolens L.) with different-colored petioles have been formed in the course of long-term evolution. However, the composition, content distribution, and mechanisms of accumulation of metabolites in different-colored petioles remain elusive. Using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS), 1159 metabolites, including 100 lipids, 72 organic acids and derivatives, 83 phenylpropanoids and polyketides, and several alkaloids and terpenoids, were quantified in four celery cultivars, each with a different petiole color. There were significant differences in the types and contents of metabolites in celery with different-colored petioles, with the most striking difference between green celery and purple celery, followed by white celery and green celery. Annotated analysis of metabolic pathways showed that the metabolites of the different-colored petioles were significantly enriched in biosynthetic pathways such as anthocyanin, flavonoid, and chlorophyll pathways, suggesting that these metabolic pathways may play a key role in determining petiole color in celery. The content of chlorophyll in green celery was significantly higher than that in other celery cultivars, yellow celery was rich in carotenoids, and the content of anthocyanin in purple celery was significantly higher than that in the other celery cultivars. The color of the celery petioles was significantly correlated with the content of related metabolites. Among the four celery cultivars, the metabolites of the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway were enriched in purple celery. The results of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) suggested that the differential expression of the chalcone synthase (CHS) gene in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway might affect the biosynthesis of anthocyanin in celery. In addition, HPLC analysis revealed that cyanidin is the main pigment in purple celery. This study explored the differences in the types and contents of metabolites in celery cultivars with different-colored petioles and identified key substances for color formation. The results provide a theoretical basis and technical support for genetic improvement of celery petiole color.
Anthocyanins ; Apium/metabolism* ; Chlorophyll/metabolism* ; Color ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Humans ; Metabolomics ; Plant Proteins/genetics* ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

The foveal avascular zone(FAZ)is the most sensitive region of the retina, which is interconnected by the macular capillary plexus. Its morphology can indirectly reflect the alterations of macular microcirculation. With strong repeatability and reliability, optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)can non-invasively visualize and quantify the FAZ. The great value of OCTA makes it an important supplemental examination tool in ophthalmology and other professions. The area and perimeter of FAZ have been demonstrated to be an effective clinical diagnostic indicator in high myopia, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma and other ocular diseases. In recent years, the geometry of FAZ has also proven to have clinical value. The parameters describing the geometry of FAZ, such as circularity index, acircularity index and axial ratio, provide a new perspective for ocular disease research. The comprehensive investigation of the morphological characteristics of the FAZ is helpful to explore the pathological mechanism of the occurrence and development of ocular diseases, predict preclinical changes, make pathological stages of the disease precise, and provide a theoretical basis for monitoring the disease's progression and assessing patients' visual prognosis.

In recent years, the research on the anti-tumor effect of traditional Chinese medicine has been increasing year by year. Both the effective extracted ingredients of Chinese medicine and its compound preparations have significant efficacy and advantages in tumor treatment. Costunolide, the active ingredient of Aucklandia lappa (a traditional Chinese medicine), is a natural sesquiterpene lactone, which has a variety of pharmacological effects, such as anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, hypoglycemic effect, anti-microbial effect etc. In recent years, more and more experimental studies in vivo and in vitro have shown that this component has anti-tumor activity, which can inhibit the growth of breast cancer, gastric cancer, melanoma cancer, prostate cancer, leukemia, liver cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, esophageal cancer, colorectal cancer, osteosarcoma and other tumors. Its antitumor mechanism mainly lies in the regulation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR, AKT-MDM 2-p53, ROS-AKT/GSK-3β, Bcr / Abl, Stat5 and other signaling pathways, which affects reactive oxygen species, apoptosis-related proteins, autophagy-related proteins, and cyclin, and thus induces apoptosis, causes autophagy and arrests cell cycle in G2 / M phase, G1 phase, and S phase. In addition, the combination of costunolide with imatinib and doxorubicin can attenuate toxicity and enhance anti-tumor effect, and also reverse tumor drug resistance. By consulting and sorting out the relevant research literature at home and abroad, the author summarized the research progress of costunolide on the antitumor effect and mechanism, the combined drug use and the reversal of tumor drug resistance in order to provide theoretical basis for the development and utilization of new drugs of this ingredient.