BACKGROUND:The clinical research have found that the interbervebral disc herniation often occurs in several members or even al the members of a family, and the location, reason and symptom are basical y the same, indicating that genes play an important role in this kind of disease. OBJECTIVE:To analyze the apoptosis Fas gene expression characteristics of lumbar disc in the familial patients with intervertebral disc herniation. METHODS:Semi-quantitative reverse transcription-PCR was used to test Fas gene expression of vertebral pulp and cartilage endplate in the intervertebral disc among 15 familial patients, 21 ordinary patients and five fresh cadavers. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Fas gene expression level of endplate of familial and ordinary patients with intervertebral disc herniation was higher than that of fresh cadavers, and there was no significant difference (P<0.05);there was no significant difference in Fas gene expression in endplates between familial patients and ordinary patients with intervertebral disc herniation (P>0.05). Compared with the vertebral pulps of ordinary patients with intervertebral disc herniation and fresh cadavers, there was no significant difference in the Fas expression of vertebral pulps of familial patients with intervertebral disc herniation (P>0.05). The increasing Fas gene expression may be secondary in the endplates of familial patients with intervertebral disc herniation, which can prevent intervertebral disc degeneration through preventing the endplate degeneration.

Objective To investigate characteristics of glucose metabolism of non-obese and obese women with polycystie ovary syndrome(PCOS).Methods From March 2008 to July 2011,118 PCOS patients were enrolled in this study and were divided into 53 cases (body mass index(BMI) ≥25 kg/m2) in obese group and 65 cases (BMI ＜ 25 kg/m2) in non-obese group.Participants' clinical data,glucose tolerance and insulin release test results were retrospectively reviewed.The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM),results of oral glucose tolerance test,impaired fasting glucose (IFG),impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) were compared between the two groups.Results (1) Blood glucose levels:at the time points of 30,60,120 and 180 minutes,the levels of fasting glucose were (5.2 ± 1.1),(8.5 ± 2.8),(8.1 ± 2.4),(6.3 ± 2.0) and (4.8 ± 1.5)mmol/L in non-obese group and(5.4 ±0.9),(9.1 ± 1.8),(9.3 ±0.6),(7.6 ± 1.0) and (5.4 ±0.8) mmol/L in obese group.Statistical difference was observed between obese and non-obese groups at each time point (t =-6.125,-4.005,-6.074,-6.751 and-4.512 respectively,P ＜0.01).(2) The level of insulin:at the time points of 30,60 and 120 min,the level of fasting insulin were (8 ± 4),(55 ± 21),(65 ± 14) and (45 ±18)mU/L in non-obese group and (13 ± 8),(85± 30),(105± 54) and (76 ± 46)mU/L in obese group.There were significant statistical difference between the two groups at each time point (t =-17.024,-12.540,-15.791 and-16.149 respectively,P ＜ 0.01).However,at the time point of 180 minutes,the level of insulin did not exhibit significant difference between obese and non-obese groups (P ＞ 0.05).(3) The prevalence of abnormal glucose metabolism:The rates of IGT were 13.85 ％ (9/65) in non-obese group and 24.53 ％ (13/53)in obese group,which also showed remarkable difference (x2 =18.446,P ＜ 0.01).The rates of T2DM were 1.54％ (1/65) in non-obese group and 7.55％ (4/53) in obese group,which reached significant difference (x2=16.005,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Abnormal glucose metabolism was observed more frequently in overweight or obese PCOS women.

Objective To discuss the differences between hemiarthroplaty and dynamic hip screws (DHS) by comparing their effect in treatment of osteoporotic femoral intertrochanteric fractures. Methods A retrospective study was done on 86 patients with femoral intertrochanteric fractures treated by hemiarthroplasty and dynamic hip screws respectively. After a follow-up for six months, the operation duration time, loss of ambulatory grades and prosthesis loosing were compared between two groups. Re-suits Operation was lasted for hmgcr time in DHS group, with significant difference between two groups. Loosening rate varied with different degree of osteoporosis in high-, moderate- and low-risk groups but not in hemiarthroplaty group. Internal fixators penetrating cortical bone occurred in DHS group, with inci-dence rate of 51.2%. On the contrary, no evidence proved loosening of prosthesis in hemiarthroplaty group. Conclusion For osteoporosis patients with intertrochanteric fracture, the hemiarthroplaty is a reasonable alternative to DHS device, for it can help obtain earlier and better functional recovery and less postoperative complication.

The therapeutic effect of sustained intravitreal injectable voriconazole microspheres (VCZ-MS) on an experimental endophthalmitis of Aspergillus fumigatus was investigated. VCZ-MS was prepared successfully and its physico-chemical property was also evaluated. Right eyes of albino rabbits were infected with an intravitreal injection of 1 000 CFU x mL(-1) of susceptible Aspergillus fumigatus. All fungal endophthalmitis models were randomly divided into five groups 48 hours later: Group A is control group with no treatment; in group B, vitrectomy was performed combined with intravitreal 3 times injections of 100 microg x 0.1 mL(-1) voriconazole every other day. In group C, D and E, vitrectomy was performed combined with intravitreal injection of 0.5 mg, 1.0 mg and 1.5 mg VCZ-MS respectively. The treatment effect was assessed by slit lamp and indirect ophthalmoscope funduscopy examination, using clinical grading system of inflammation in the anterior chamber and the vitreous opacity. The optical microscopy revealed that microspheres obtained from the experiment design were opaque, discrete and spherical particles with smooth surfaces. The drug content and encapsulation efficiency of microspheres were 29.94% and 73.5%, respectively. Endophthalmitis occurred in all eyes of group A, and rapidly developed to panophthalmitis. The inflammation grade of group B, C, D or E was lower than that of group A (P < 0.05). The grade of vitreous opacity in group C, D, E is lower than group B (P < 0.05). Two eyes in group C developed to panophthalmitis. But in group D and E, all eyes whose inflammation was controlled had no recurrence with vitreous clear. Histopathological examination showed normal structures in the cured eyes, while most uncured eyes were atrophic and with eyeball destroyed. So, it can be safely concluded that the curative effect of intravitreal VCZ-MS is significantly better than that of routine intraocular injection of voriconazole. The optimal dose is the one containing 1.0 mg voriconazole.

Optical coherency tomography (OCT) is one of the powerful optical imaging tools that allows cross-sectional tomography of the microstructure in living subjects with high resolution. With the rapid development of OCT and a wide range of preclinical and clinical tumor imaging, it provides profound insights into the complex physiological, cellular and molecular behaviors of tumors. Preclinical OCT has elucidated many inscrutable aspects of tumor biology, while clinical applications of OCT are revolutionizing diagnosis and therapies. As a new noninvasive optical imaging technique, OCT can realize the intraoperative imaging of tumor and provide meaningful image data, which will provide great help for the diagnosis, classification and boundary determination of tumor diseases in the future.

Objective To optimize the extraction process of Radix Paeoniae Alba in Baijin Capsule by orthogonal experiment.Methods The study employed the extraction rate of paeoniflorin and total glucosides of paeony as evaluation indexes. The orthogonal design was used to investigate effects of solvent volume, extraction time and extraction frequency on extraction results.Results The optimal extracting condition was extracted 3 times, with 14 fold 70% alcohol, 1.5 h for each time. Conclusion The method is simple and steady, which will provide instruction and reference to the production of Baijin Capsule.

Objective To study the MR imaging characteristics of benign cerebellar astrocytomas(BCAs) in children. Methods The clinical and MR imaging data of twelve patients with BCAs were reviewed and analyzed retrospectively.Results Of 12 tumors, 7 cases were located in the cerebellar hemisphere, 4 in the vermis, and 1 in the IV ventricle. All children were in company with hydrocephalus rated as extensive (n=9) or moderate (n=3). The tumors ranged in diameter from 23 mm to 68 mm, mean diameter 42 mm. Solid tumors were found in 5 children, and cystic areas occurred in 7 of 12 patients.BCAs were hypointense on T 1-weighted in 10 cases, and hyperintense on T 2WI in 9 cases compared with that of normal brain parenchyma. After contrast injection, BCAs marked (n=2), moderate (n=5), or absent (n=5) enhancement. Hemorrhage and calcification were not common (n=1,0, respectively).Conclusion BCAs has relative characteristic features on MRI in children, and MRI plays an important role in diagnosing and evaluating these tumors preoperatively.

Objective To investigate on the incidence of gynecological laparoscopic operation complications within ten years.Methods From January 2003 to December 2012,clinical data and the complications of 4 897 cases undergoing gynecological laparoscopic operation in First Hospital of Peking University were studied retrospectively.Those surgeries included 876 cases with hysterectomy,662 cases with myoectomy,3 266 cases with adnexa surgery,93 cases of diagnostic laparoscopy operation.Results The complications occurred in 29 cases,the incidence rate was 0.59％ (29/4 897).The Incidence rate in Hysterectomy group was 1.83％ (16/876),which was significantly higher than 0.60％ (4/662) in myoectomy group and 0.28％ (9/3 266) in adnexa surgery group.Twenty nine cases of complications were 14 cases with organ injures (48％,14/29),5 cases with hemorrhage complications (17％,5/29),8 cases with infectious complications (28％,8/29),2 cases with incisional hernia(7％,2/29).Conclusion The major complication of gynecological laparoscopic operation complication was organs injuries,which was associated with difficulty and scope of the operation.

Objective To investigate the effect of acupunctures variable with stages on lumbar intervertebral dise protrusion (LIDP). Methods 98 LIDP patients in our hospital from October, 2014 to July, 2015 were randomly divided into control group (n=49) and observa-tion group (n=49) according to the sequence of first diagnosis time. The control group received routine acupuncture, and the observation group acupunctured at Ouch point and Huantiao point (GB30) with different acupuncture according to manifestations and courses. Modified Yang acupuncture was adopted in acute phase, triple acupuncture was used in remittent phase, and lateral needling was used in the recovery phase. They were both treated once a day, 7 days as a course for 3 courses with 2 days of interval. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and clinical effects were assessed before and 1, 2, 3 courses after treatment. Results Both VAS and ODI scores im-proved after treatment (F>7.12, P<0.05), especially in the observation group (t>4.43, P<0.05). The efficiency was higher in the observation group than in the control group (χ2=5.594, P<0.05). Conclusion Compared with normal acupuncture, the acupunctures variable with stages is more effective on LIDP than routine.

Background and purpose:Cervical cancer remains the second leading cause of death in gynecologic malignancies partially because of resistance to chemotherapy. Bufalin, a component of the traditional Chinese medicine Chansu, has been widely used in cancer treatment in China. This study aimed to investigate the effects of bufalin on inhibiting the proliferation of ME180 and C33A and explore its possible mechanism.Methods:The cytostatic effects of bufalin on ME180 and C33A cells were evaluated by CCK8 assay (cell counting kit-8). Glucose levels in ME180 and C33A cells were measured using glucose assay kit. Then the alterations of GLUT1 (glucose transporter 1) and HK2 (hexokinase 2) gene expression were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The expressions of proto-oncogene C-MYC and HIF1α (hypoxia-inducible factor 1α) were determined by Western blot.Results:According to the results of CCK-8, bufalin can significantly inhibit the proliferation of carcinoma cells ME180 and C33A (P=0.027,P=0.018). Test on glycometabolism indicated that glucose uptake in cells treated with bufalin decreased (P=0.034,P=0.036). Results from real-time PCR showed that the expression of glycometabolism related indicators GLUT1 (P=0.019) and HK2 (P=0.016) levels were signiifcantly down-regulated in bufalin treated group. Western blot showed that the expression of C-MYC and HIF1αin cells with bufalin treatment was down-regulated markedly.Conclusion:Bufalin can inhibit the proliferation of the cervical carcinoma cells ME180 and C33A through inhibition of their glucose metabolism.