As a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), borneol has shown superior ability for anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities when coupled with other active ingredients from ancient times. Furthermore, borneol is believed to improve blood concentration and bioavailability of drugs. Thus, it has been paired with various TCM formulas since ancient time. The physiological barriers in human can cause significant limitations in drug efficiency as the drug is primarily restricted from entering into blood and brain. Borneol has been proven to enhance the permeability of biological barriers such as the blood-brain, transdermal, corneal, and intestinal barriers. Moreover, growing interest has been shown in the drug delivery system design for trans-barrier transport involving borneol. Nano-drug delivery system with increased surface area and improved active sites, has been applied to increase the bioactivity of water insoluble drugs. Nano-drug delivery system has been used to enhance drug efficacy by reducing the time of action as compared to conventional administration approach of TCM formulas. Given its ability to enhance cross-barrier permeation and drug efficacy, borneol has been integrated into TCM formulas of drug delivery system for precise and prolonged targeting at tumor sites. However, the design and preparation of a drug delivery system consisting of borneol still face great challenges. Current research fails to unravel the difference in mechanism of action between nano-drug delivery systems comprised of borneol and conventional drug systems coupled with borneol. Enhanced penetration of borneol in drug delivery system is rarely verified compared to conventional administration with identical drug formulation consisting of borneol regarding dosage and medical indications. This study outlines the current state of research on the properties, formulation and pharmacological effects of borneol, allowing cross-comparison of borneol coupled with single compound and classical TCM formulas for various medical indications. This study aims to provide insights into the design of borneol-based enhanced cross-barrier delivery drug formulation, and the potential development of nano-drug system for TCM formulas with borneol for enhanced bioavailability.

Spinal cord injury(SCI)can result in varying degrees of spinal motor dysfunction,partial sensory loss and sphincter dysfunction.SCI is divided into two stages:primary injury and secondary injury.The spinal cord cell necrosis during the primary injury period and apoptosis,oxidative stress and autophagy during the secondary injury period lead a large number of cell injury and permanant neurodysfunction.The histone deacetylase(HDAC)plays a key role in regulating the cellular viability and gene transcription.Neuro-dysfunction induced by SCI is associated with transcriptional dysfunction associated with unbalanced levels of protein acetylation.Valproic acid(VPA)is a inhibitor of HDAC and is usually used as an antiepileptic drug in clinic.Studies show that VPA may have the potential to treat the central nervous system diseases.VPA inhib-its HDAC,and then regulates oxidative stress,cellular autophagy,ion imbalance,microglia differentiation and inflammatory response,and plays the neuroprotective effect.This paper reviewed the related molecular mecha-nism of VPA in treating SCI.

Objective To investigate the protective effects of ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1(Fer-1)on high-altitude hypoxic lung injury and explore novel preventive strategies for high-altitude hypoxia-induced lung injury.Methods ①Eighteen SPF male Wistar rats(5～6 weeks old,210～230 g)were randomly divided into 3 groups(n=6):normoxic control,hypoxic lung injury,and Fer-1 pretreatment groups.A hypobaric chamber was used to establish a rat model of high-altitude hypoxic lung injury.Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS)was employed to compare pulmonary protein profiles between normoxic and hypoxic groups,followed by bioinformatics analysis of pathways enriched with differentially expressed proteins(DEPs).Histopathological changes and lung injury scores were assessed with HE staining.ELISA was used to quantify the inflammatory cytokines,flow cytometry and immunofluorescence assay were employed to measure the production of reactive oxygen species(ROS),and spectrophotometry was utilized to determine the contents of Fe2?,glutathione(GSH),malondialdehyde(MDA),and superoxide dismutase(SOD)to evaluate oxidative stress and detect ferroptosis-related markers.② Human bronchial epithelial cells(bronchial epithelium transformed with Ad12-SV40,BEAS-2B)and macrophages induced by tumor human peripheral blood monocytes-1(THP-1)cells were placed in a low oxygen conditions for 48 h to establish a cellular model of hypoxic lung injury,on which Fer-1 was administered as a preventive group.Ferroptosis markers in BEAS-2B cells and inflammatory cytokine secretion in macrophages were analyzed.Results ①Proteomics identified 2 962 proteins,with 357 DEPs(199 up-regulated,158 down-regulated).Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway analysis showed ferroptosis as the most enriched pathway.Hypoxic lung injury resulted in elevated ROS,MDA,Fe2?,and inflammatory cytokines(P<0.05),reduced SOD,GSH,solute carrier family 7 member 11(SLC7A11),glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4),and ferritin heavy chain 1(FTH1),and increased acyl-coa synthetase long chain family member 4(ACSL4)(P<0.05).Fer-1 pretreatment significantly mitigated oxidative stress(ROS,MDA,SOD,GSH;P<0.05),up-regulated SLC7A11 and FTH1,down-regulated ACSL4(P<0.05),and reduced inflammation(P<0.05).②In cellular models,Fer-1 increased SLC7A11,GPX4,FTH1,GSH,and SOD(P<0.05),declined ROS(P<0.05),and suppressed macrophage inflammatory cytokines(P<0.05).Conclusion Fer-1 alleviates high-altitude hypoxic lung injury by inhibiting ferroptosis in pulmonary epithelial cells and attenuating macrophage-driven inflammation,providing experimental evidence for novel therapeutic strategies.

Objective To explore the potential clinical value of the ratio of glycated albumin to albumin(GA/ALB)in the occurrence of heart failure(HF)among patients with coronary atherosclerotic heart disease(CHD).Methods A total of 337 CHD patients admitted to the Department of Cardiology in Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital from July 2023 to June 2024 were selected in this study.CHD patients were divided into HF group and non-HF group based on whether they progressed to HF.The clinical data and laboratory parame-ters of the two groups were compared.Restricted cubic spline curve was used to analyze the relationship be-tween GA/ALB levels and the risk of HF in CHD patients.Receiver operating characteristic curve was applied to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of GA/ALB,GA,platelet to lymphocyte ratio(PLR),and monocyte to lym-phocyte ratio(MLR)in CHD patients with the occurrence of HF.Logistic regression was used to explore the relationship between serum GA/ALB levels and the risk of CHD patients occurrence of HF,and to analyze the degree of influence and stability of subgroup variables on results.Results There were statistically significant differences in GA/ALB,GA,PLR,MLR,and other indicators between the HF group and the non-HF group in CHD patients(P＜0.05).A non-linear relationship was observed between GA/ALB levels and the risk of HF in CHD patients.When the value of GA/ALB multiplied by 10 was less than 5.751,the risk of HF in CHD pa-tients increased with the increase of GA/ALB levels(P＜0.001).GA/ALB was an effective predictor for HF occurrence in CHD patients.Multivariable Logistic regression model showed that GA/ALB was an independ-ent risk factor for CHD patients with occurrence of HF.Subgroup analysis also confirmed the stability of GA/ALB in predicting the occurrence of HF in CHD patients.Conclusion GA/ALB is an independent risk factor for the occurrence of HF in CHD patients,and monitoring GA/ALB levels provides predictive value for the oc-currence of HF in these patients.

Objective:To investigate the differences in prognosis between different surgical approaches in elderly patients with advanced ovarian cancer.Methods:Based on the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database, a cohort of elderly patients with advanced ovarian cancer from 2000 to 2020 was established. Through propensity score matching, 2 094 patients were selected from those who underwent two different surgical approaches to form a matched cohort (SEER database cohort), including 1 039 patients who received cytoreductive surgery and 1 055 patients who underwent local resection. Meanwhile, 148 elderly patients with advanced ovarian cancer who were treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University from January 2012 to January 2024 were selected (hospital cohort), among whom 85 underwent cytoreductive surgery and 63 underwent local resection. The prognostic differences among patients who underwent cytoreductive surgery and local resection in two cohorts and stratified by the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging were evaluated, respectively. The relationship between the causes of death and surgical approaches in elderly patients with advanced ovarian cancer was analyzed.Results:In the SEER database cohort, the median overall survival (OS) for patients who underwent cytoreductive surgery and local resection was 37 and 40 months, respectively, with 5-year OS rates of 31.47% and 33.74%, with no statistically significant difference ( χ2=0.78, P=0.378). After stratification by FIGO staging, the median OS for patients with stage ⅢB-ⅢC who underwent cytoreductive surgery ( n=998) and local resection ( n=962) was 38 and 40 months, respectively, with no statistically significant difference ( χ2=0.20, P=0.659). For patients with stage Ⅳ, the median OS for those who underwent cytoreductive surgery ( n=41) and local resection ( n=93) was 17 and 36 months, respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( χ2=9.37, P=0.002). Among 2 094 elderly patients with advanced ovarian cancer, 1 581 had clearly identified causes of death. In patients who underwent cytoreductive surgery, the proportions of deaths due to ovarian cancer and non-ovarian cancer were 94.52% (742/785) and 5.48% (43/785), respectively. In patients who underwent local resection, the proportions of deaths due to ovarian cancer and non-ovarian cancer were 91.46% (728/796) and 8.54% (68/796), respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in the distribution of causes of death between the two surgical approaches ( χ2=5.69, P=0.017). In the hospital cohort, the median OS for patients undergoing cytoreductive surgery and local resection was 39 and 51 months, respectively, with 5-year OS rates of 22.85% and 23.81%, with a statistically significant difference ( χ2=6.71, P=0.010). After stratification by FIGO staging, the median OS for patients with stage ⅢB-ⅢC undergoing cytoreductive surgery ( n=29) and local resection ( n=26) was 50 and 51 months, respectively, with no statistically significant difference ( χ2=0.15, P=0.699) ; for patients with stage Ⅳ undergoing cytoreductive surgery ( n=56) and local resection ( n=37), the median OS was 35 and 47 months, respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( χ2=6.55, P=0.011) . Conclusions:The survival outcomes of local resection in elderly patients with advanced ovarian cancer are not inferior to those of cytoreductive surgery. For FIGO stage Ⅳ patients, the survival period following local resection is superior to that of cytoreductive surgery.

Under the backdrop of the "Healthy China 2030" strategy, running has become the most common form of exercise. Fitness running is a kind of endurance aerobic exercise. Compared with swimming, aerobics, and other sports with high activity and intensity, the risk of lower limb fatigue injury during fitness running is higher. In this review paper, the risk factors for running-related injuries were summarized by consulting and analyzing the database and focuses on discussing and analyzing the impact of running on joints. The results showed that hip adduction, knee bending, and ankle joint abnormalities are the three joint-related factors that cause the main injuries during running. Four rehabilitation intervention methods for running-related injuries were proposed, that can guide patients to generate personalized rehabilitation treatment plans through training.

BACKGROUND:Nanocomposite hydrogel has great research prospects and application potential in the treatment of osteoarthritis. OBJECTIVE:To review the research progress of nanocomposite hydrogel in osteoarthritis and cartilage repair. METHODS:Databases such as CNKI and PubMed were searched.The English key words were"nanocomposite hydrogel,nanogel,osteoarthritis,cartage,physical encapsulation,electrostatic interaction,covalent crosslinking",and the Chinese key words were"nanocomposite hydrogel,nanogel,osteoarthritis,cartage,physical encapsulation,physical encapsulation,electrostatic effect,covalent cross-linking".After an initial screening of all articles based on inclusion and exclusion criteria,71 articles with high correlation were retained for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In cell or animal experiments,nanocomposite hydrogel has the effect of improving osteoarthritis.Nanocomposite hydrogel can promote cartilage repair,improve the internal environment of osteoarthritis,and achieve the therapeutic purpose of osteoarthritis by improving the mechanical environment between joints,carrying targeted drugs,and promoting the chondrogenesis of seed cells.At present,the research of nanocomposite hydrogel in osteoarthritis disease still has a huge space to play.It is expected to open up a new way for the clinical treatment of osteoarthritis by continuing to deepen the research of material preparation and actively carrying out cell and animal experiments.

Walking downstairs and running are common actions in daily life;however,older adults with functional decline are prone to falls or injuries.To cope with various situations and avoid falls,the first neuroprotective motor mechanism activated by the body is the regulation of lower limb stiffness.Hence,this study retrieved and collected relevant research results from databases such as China Knowledge,Wanfang,Google Scholar,and Web of Science,using key words such as elderly and lower limb stiffness,and summarized the similarities and differences in changes in lower limb stiffness in different action tasks.The findings show that interventions on controllable factors can improve changes in lower limb stiffness to prevent falls in older adults.However,owing to the small number of related studies,it is necessary to further investigate the effects of action interventions on lower limb stiffness in older adults to obtain reliable regularity features and references.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of Taohua Decoction in treating ulcerative colitis.Methods Searching CNKI,Wanfang,Weipu,China Biomedical Database,PubMed,Web of science,and Cochrane library,Screening literature and collecting literature related information.Using Review Manager 5.3 to evaluate the risk of bias and systematically evaluate efficacy indicators.Results A total of 546 articles were retrieved,and 16 were eventually included after censoring and screening.Meta analysis showed that total clinical effective rate:RR=1.19,95%CI:1.14-1.24,P<0.001.Colonoscopy score:MD=-0.61,95%CI:-1.11--0.11,P=0.02.Tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α:MD=-22.18,95%CI:-36.70--7.66,P=0.003.C-reactive protein:MD=-10.85,95%CI:-30.48-8.77,P=0.28.Incidence of adverse reactions:RR=0.40,95%CI:0.24-0.65,P<0.001.Conclusion The total clinical effective rate,colonoscopy score,TNF-α and incidence of adverse reactions of Taohua Decoction in treating ulcerative colitis was superior to that in the control group.There was no significant difference between Taohua Decoction and the control group in reducing C-reactive protein.

Objective To compare the effect of three-dimensional visual (3DV) model, three-dimensional printing (3DP) model and computer-aided design (CAD) modified 3DP model in video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) sublobular resection. Methods The clinical data of patients who underwent VATS sublobular resection in the Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University from November 2021 to August 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into 3 groups including a 3DV group, a 3DP group and a CAD-3DP group according to the tools used. The perioperative indexes and subjective evaluation of operators, patients and their families were compared. Results A total of 22 patients were included. There were 5 males and 17 females aged 32-77 (56.95±12.50) years. There were 9 patients in the 3DV group, 6 patients in the 3DP group, and 7 patients in the CAD-3DP group. There was no statistical difference in the operation time, intraoperative blood loss, drainage volume, hospital stay time or postoperative complications among the groups (P>0.05). Based on the subjective evaluations of 4 surgeons, the CAD-3DP group was better than the 3DV group in the preoperative planning efficiency (P=0.025), intuitiveness (P=0.045) and doctor-patient communication difficulty (P=0.034); the CAD-3DP group was also better than the 3DP group in the overall satisfaction (P=0.023), preoperative planning difficulty (P=0.046) and efficiency (P=0.014). Based on the subjective evaluations of patients and their families, the CAD-3DP group was better than the 3DP group in helping understand the vessel around the tumor (P=0.016), surgical procedure (P=0.020), procedure selection (P=0.029), and overall satisfaction (P=0.048); the CAD-3DP group was better than the 3DV group in helping understand the tumor size (P=0.038). Conclusion CAD-modified 3DP model has certain advantages in pre-planning, intraoperative navigation and doctor-patient communication in the VATS sublobectomy.