IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha were co-coupled to the polystyrene cell culture plate by the photo-immobilization method. To investigate the synergistic effect of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha on the HeLa cells, HeLa cells were treated with co-coupled cytokine or non-coupled cytokine in a time course in this study. The morphology detection, cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry, phosphatidyl serine analysis and capase-3 activity detection demonstrated that the two kinds of treatments both induce HeLa cells apoptosis. Non-coupled cytokine worked more quickly while co-coupled cytokine kept more permanent effect. The caspase-3 activity assay indicated that the caspase-3 activity of HeLa cells treated with non-coupled cytokine is higher than that of HeLa cells treated with co-coupled cytokine. This may imply that co-coupled cytokine not only induces the caspase-dependent pathway, but also induces the caspase-independent pathway.
Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Drug Synergism ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Immobilized Proteins ; pharmacology ; Interferon-gamma ; pharmacology ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; pharmacology

Objective:To compare the efficacy of reduction and in situ intervertebral fusion fixation in the treatment of degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis.Methods:A total of 182 patients (92 males and 90 females) with L 4 degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis of Meyerding's classification of grade I and grade II, aged (62.6±6.8) years (range, 57-73 years), who underwent posterior L 4, 5 internal fixation and interbody fusion in the Department of Spinal Surgery, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, were retrospectively analyzed from January 2019 to December 2022. There were 105 cases of I-degree spondylolisthesis and 77 cases of II-degree spondylolisthesis. According to the operation method, the patients were divided into reduction intervertebral fusion fixation (reduction group) and in situ intervertebral fusion fixation group (in situ group). Imaging parameters such as lumber lordosis (LL), pelvic incidence (PI)-LL, L 3, 4 intervertebral space heights, fusion segment angle, and sagittal vertical axis (SVA) were measured on the pre- and post-surgical lumbar spine lateral radiographs. The visual analogue scale (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) of low back pain were recorded before and after surgery. The differences in clinical and imaging parameters were compared between reduction and in situ fusion group. Results:All 182 patients successfully completed the surgery and were followed up for 12.0±2.4 months (range, 9-15 months). The LL of the reduction group before surgery, immediately after surgery, and at the last follow-up were 46.9°±7.1°, 57.2°±5.9°, 55.6°±5.5°, respectively, with statistically significant differences ( F=87.61, P<0.001), with immediate and final follow-up being smaller than those in the in situ fixation group. The LL of the in situ fixation group before surgery, immediately after surgery, and at the last follow-up were 47.8°±7.2°, 50.5°±7.0°, and 48.7°± 6.4°, respectively, with no statistically significant difference ( F=2.83, P=0.062). The immediate and final follow-up of LL in the reduction group was lower than those in the in situ fixation group ( P<0.05). The fusion segment angles of the reduction group before surgery, immediately after surgery, and at the last follow-up were 14.2°±5.1°, 23.2°±4.7°, 23.2°±4.7°, respectively, with statistically significant differences ( F=152.87, P<0.001), with immediate and final follow-up after surgery being greater than before surgery. The fusion segment angles of the in situ fixation group before surgery, immediately after surgery, and at the last follow-up were 15.4°±5.9°, 18.2°±5.5°, and 17.4°±5.1°, respectively, with statistically significant differences ( F=4.69, P=0.009), with immediate and final follow-up being greater than before surgery. The fusion segment angulation in the reduction group was greater than that in the in situ fixation group at both the immediate and final follow-up ( P<0.05). The SVA of the reduction group before surgery, immediately after surgery, and at the last follow-up were 16.9±18.2 mm, 9.5±12.0 mm, and 8.7±11.3 mm, respectively, with statistically significant differences ( F=11.32, P<0.001), with immediate and final follow-up being smaller than before surgery. The SVA of immediately after surgery and at the last follow-up were both smaller than before surgery. The SVA of the in situ fixation group before surgery, immediately after surgery, and at the last follow-up were 16.4±17.2 mm, 14.3±15.5 mm, and 13.8±15.0 mm, respectively, with no statistically significant difference ( F=0.57, P=0.576). The SVA of the reduction group at immediate and final follow-up was lower than that of the in situ fixation group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Both reduction and in situ intervertebral fusion fixation can effectively relieve the clinical symptoms of patients. Fusion fixation after reduction can improve the angulation of fusion segments to form segmental kyphosis, which is more conducive to improving SVA.

BACKGROUND:Lumbar decompression and fusion is the most effective surgical method to treat lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis.In recent years,the sagittal balance of the spine has been widely considered the key factor to adjust the outcome of spinal surgery,and factors that can affect the sagittal balance of the spine indirectly affect the surgical effect and prognosis. OBJECTIVE:To summarize the risk factors that can affect the sagittal balance of the spine during decompression and fusion due to lumbar spondylolisthesis,and play a certain reference role in the surgical treatment of lumbar spondylolisthesis. METHODS:With"lumbar spondylolisthesis,the sagittal plane balance of the spine,surgical treatment,risk factors"as the Chinese search terms,and"lumbar spondylolisthesis,sagittal balance,risk factor"as the English search terms,PubMed,Springer,ScienceDirect,Wanfang,VIP and CNKI were searched respectively.The focus of the search was from January 2010 to January 2023,and a few classic long-term articles were included.Preliminary screening was conducted by reading the title and abstract.After excluding repetitive research in Chinese and English literature,low-quality journals and irrelevant literature,67 articles were finally included for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis is an important factor causing spinal canal stenosis and lumbar instability,and is the main cause of low back pain and intermittent claudication.Lumbar decompression,fusion and internal fixation is an effective way to treat degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis.(2)In the past,the treatment of degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis with decompression,fusion and fixation focused on thorough exploration and release of nerve roots,reduction of spondylolisthesis and solid internal fixation,but less attention was paid to the balance of sagittal plane of the spine.(3)With the popularization of lumbar decompression,fusion and internal fixation,complications caused by the sagittal imbalance of the spine gradually increased,resulting in poor prognosis of patients and even increased risk of secondary surgery.(4)Previous studies have only discussed the correlation between lumbar sagittal plane parameters and spinal sagittal plane balance,but have not in-depth studied the relevant factors causing spinal sagittal plane imbalance.(5)Our results show that open lumbar fixation and fusion,complete reduction of spondylolisthesis,selection of thicker pedicle screws,selection of larger fusion cages,and autologous bone transplantation are beneficial factors for maintaining sagittal balance.The higher the number of fusion segments,the higher the level of fusion segments is,which is a risk factor for sagittal plane imbalance.

Objective To investigate the expression of interleukin-3 receptor alpha(CD123)on bone marrow cells in acute myelocytic leukemia(AML)and its clinical significances.Methods By means of Fluorescence-activated cell sorer(FACS)and semi-quantity reverse transcripition polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR),the expression of IL-3R?(CD123+)protein on CD34+CD38-cells and mRNA in BMMNCs of 62 AML patients of Tianjin Medical University General Hospital from March 2008 to January 2009 and 12 normal controls were detected respectively;Then the correlation between IL-3R? and the clinical stages of AML were analyzed.Results CD34+CD38-CD123+/CD34+CD38-and IL-3R? mRNA in BMMNC of 33 deno-vo or relapsed AML patients were higher than those of control group(P

BACKGROUND:Percutaneous vertebroplasty is the most widely used method for the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures,and most studies have concluded that percutaneous vertebroplasty increases the probability of adjacent vertebral secondary compression fractures in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures.However,controversy remains regarding the risk factors associated with adjacent vertebral re-fracture caused after percutaneous vertebroplasty. OBJECTIVE:To summarize the influencing factors of adjacent vertebral compression fractures after percutaneous vertebroplasty in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures,in order to provide a certain reference for reducing the risk of its occurrence as well as formulating the corresponding treatment plan. METHODS:Using"osteoporosis,fracture,percutaneous vertebroplasty,adjacent vertebral compression fractures,risk factors"as the Chinese search terms,"osteoporosis,osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures,percutaneous vertebroplasty,adjacent vertebral compression fractures,risk factors"as English search terms,computerized searches were conducted on CNKI,Wanfang Medical Network,VIP,PubMed,Springer,ScienceDirect,and Elsevier databases.The search timeframe focuses on January 2018 through September 2023,with the inclusion of a few classic forward literature.The literature was screened by reading the titles and abstracts,and 83 papers were finally included in the review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures are one of the most common complications of osteoporosis,placing elderly patients at a significant risk of disability and death.Percutaneous vertebroplasty is a practical and effective treatment for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures.(2)With the popularity of percutaneous vertebroplasty,its secondary vertebral compression fractures have gradually increased,with adjacent vertebral compression fractures being the most common.(3)Previous studies have only discussed the effects of factors such as bone mineral density,multiple vertebral fractures,body mass index,age,sex,amount of bone cement,cement leakage,and anti-osteoporosis treatment on secondary compression fractures of adjacent vertebrae after percutaneous vertebroplasty,and summarized the number of vertebral fractures,timing of the operation,surgical approach,cement material,diffuse distribution of bone cement,recovery height of the injured vertebrae,and wearing of a support after surgery,which is not yet comprehensive.The analysis of the specific mechanisms of risk factor-induced adjacent vertebral fractures is relatively rare.(4)The results of the article showed that low bone mineral density,advanced age,perimenopausal women,multiple vertebral fractures,excessive recovery of the height of the injured vertebrae,cement leakage,comorbid underlying diseases,and poor lifestyle habits were the risk factors for secondary adjacent vertebral compression fractures after percutaneous vertebroplasty,and that maintaining a normal body mass index,early surgery,bilateral percutaneous vertebroplasty,use of a new type of cement material,an appropriate volume of bone cement injection and uniform cement dispersion,regular anti-osteoporosis treatment,and postoperative brace wearing are protective factors for secondary adjacent vertebral compression fractures after percutaneous vertebroplasty.

Objective To evaluate the acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)(AECOPD)status via combining clinical data,lung function parameters with CT radiomic features based on machine learning method.Methods A total of 343 COPD patients,including 158 AECOPD patients and 185 non-AECOPD patients were retrospectively selected and randomly divided into training and testing sets at a ratio of 7∶3.The radiomics features were calculated after automatically delineating the whole lung volume of interest(VOI).Five machine learning methods were used to construct the AECOPD diagnostic model,then the corresponding Radiomics score(Rad-score)was calculated in the training set and was validated in the testing set.The logistic-combined model was established after integrating age,Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease(GOLD)classification,vital capacity(VC),forced vital capacity(FVC),forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV1),FEV1％pred,FEV1/FVC％,peak expiratory flow(PEF),maximum ventilatory volume(MVV),and Rad-score value.The area under the curve(AUC)of receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was calculated to evaluate the evaluated performance of all models.Results The logistic regression model had the best diagnostic performance,with AUC of 0.724 and 0.758 in the training and testing sets,respectively.The performance of the logistic-combined model to diagnose AECOPD was superior to that of the single logistic regression model,with the AUC of 0.777 and 0.760 in the training and testing sets,respectively.Conclusion A combination strategy including clinical data,lung function parameters,and CT radiomics may be helpful to diagnose AECOPD status,with moderate diagnostic performance.

The aim of this study was to explore the clinical features, hearing prognosis and differential diagnosis of recurrent low frequency sensorineural hearing loss （RLFD） . The clinical characteristics, clinical manifestations, audiological examination and auxiliary examination of RLFD patients were retrospectively analyzed. We summarized clinical features, draw the pure tone audiometry curves, and analyze the diagnosis of RLFD. Forty-seven patients （53 ears） with RLFD had a hearing review time of 1-124 months. The course of disease ranged from 3 to 320 months with an average course of 29 months. ①The incidence of tinnitus in the accompanying symptoms was 93.6%（44 cases）, and the ear suffocation was 83.0%（39 cases）, 38.3% （18 cases） of the patients developed vestibular symptoms during the course of the disease. ②During the observation period, 27 cases（57.4%） were diagnosed with related diseases: 7 cases（14.9%） Meniere's disease, 6 cases（12.8%） vestibular migraine, 2 cases（4.3%） with Meniere's disease and migraine, and 1 case（2.1%） with idiopathic intracranial hypotension 11 cases（23.4%） were possible cochlear migraine; ③Migraine-related RLFD had a younger onset age, more common in women; ④83.0%（44 ears）of the affected ears had stable or improved low-frequency hearing during the observation period, 17.0%（9 ears）of the affected ears experienced low-frequency hearing; ⑤18.9%（10 ears）of the affected ears had high-frequency hearing loss; ⑥RLFD had 6 types of audiological outcomes: low-frequency improvement combined with high-frequency stability; low-frequency stability combined with high-frequency stability; low frequency progress combined with high frequency stability type; low frequency improvement combined with high frequency progress type; low frequency stability combined with high frequency progress type; low frequency progress combined with high frequency progress type; ⑦Rising type hearing curve low frequency hearing prognosis is good, mountain type and descending low frequency hearing prognosis is poor. Tinnitus and ear stuffiness are the early symptoms and the most disturbing symptoms in patients with RLFD. The mechanism of Migraine may play an important role in the pathogenesis of RLFD. The rare causes such as intracranial hypotension syndrome should not be ignored. Most of the patients with RLFD had stable or improved hearing after long-term fluctuation, but some patients with low or high frequency hearing might decline. The type of initial hearing curve was a prognostic factor. Long-term hearing follow-up is helpful for prognosis evaluation.

School-age children are in a specific development stage corresponding to juvenility, when the white matter of the brain experiences ongoing maturation. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI), especially diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), is extensively used to characterize the maturation by assessing white matter properties in vivo. In the analysis of DWI data, spatial normalization is crucial for conducting inter-subject analyses or linking the individual space with the reference space. Using tensor-based registration with an appropriate diffusion tensor template presents high accuracy regarding spatial normalization. However, there is a lack of a standardized diffusion tensor template dedicated to school-age children with ongoing brain development. Here, we established the school-age children diffusion tensor (SACT) template by optimizing tensor reorientation on high-quality DTI data from a large sample of cognitively normal participants aged 6-12 years. With an age-balanced design, the SACT template represented the entire age range well by showing high similarity to the age-specific templates. Compared with the tensor template of adults, the SACT template revealed significantly higher spatial normalization accuracy and inter-subject coherence upon evaluation of subjects in two different datasets of school-age children. A practical application regarding the age associations with the normalized DTI-derived data was conducted to further compare the SACT template and the adult template. Although similar spatial patterns were found, the SACT template showed significant effects on the distributions of the statistical results, which may be related to the performance of spatial normalization. Looking forward, the SACT template could contribute to future studies of white matter development in both healthy and clinical populations. The SACT template is publicly available now ( https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/SACT_template/14071283 ).

Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the clinical features, hearing prognosis and differential diagnosis of recurrent low frequency sensorineural hearing loss （RLFD） . Method: The clinical characteristics, clinical manifestations, audiological examination and auxiliary examination of RLFD patients were retrospectively analyzed. We summarized clinical features, draw the pure tone audiometry curves, and analyze the diagnosis of RLFD. Result: Forty-seven patients （53 ears） with RLFD had a hearing review time of 1-124 months. The course of disease ranged from 3 to 320 months with an average course of 29 months. ①The incidence of tinnitus in the accompanying symptoms was 93.6%（44 cases）, and the ear suffocation was 83.0%（39 cases）, 38.3% （18 cases） of the patients developed vestibular symptoms during the course of the disease. ②During the observation period, 27 cases（57.4%） were diagnosed with related diseases: 7 cases（14.9%） Meniere's disease, 6 cases（12.8%） vestibular migraine, 2 cases（4.3%） with Meniere's disease and migraine, and 1 case（2.1%） with idiopathic intracranial hypotension 11 cases（23.4%） were possible cochlear migraine; ③Migraine-related RLFD had a younger onset age, more common in women; ④83.0%（44 ears）of the affected ears had stable or improved low-frequency hearing during the observation period, 17.0%（9 ears）of the affected ears experienced low-frequency hearing; ⑤18.9%（10 ears）of the affected ears had high-frequency hearing loss; ⑥RLFD had 6 types of audiological outcomes: low-frequency improvement combined with high-frequency stability; low-frequency stability combined with high-frequency stability; low frequency progress combined with high frequency stability type; low frequency improvement combined with high frequency progress type; low frequency stability combined with high frequency progress type; low frequency progress combined with high frequency progress type; ⑦Rising type hearing curve low frequency hearing prognosis is good, mountain type and descending low frequency hearing prognosis is poor. Conclusion Tinnitus and ear stuffiness are the early symptoms and the most disturbing symptoms in patients with RLFD. The mechanism of Migraine may play an important role in the pathogenesis of RLFD. The rare causes such as intracranial hypotension syndrome should not be ignored. Most of the patients with RLFD had stable or improved hearing after long-term fluctuation, but some patients with low or high frequency hearing might decline. The type of initial hearing curve was a prognostic factor. Long-term hearing follow-up is helpful for prognosis evaluation.