BACKGROUND: Although the Incidence of irritation, abrasion and rupture of the extensor tendon at the dorsal carpal side of the distal radius caused by internal fixation with volar locking plate is not high, these complications seriously affect the quality of life of the patients. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the latest progress of intraoperative fluoroscopy in the treatment of distal radius fracture with volar locking plate. METHODS: Using the English key words "volar locking plate, distal radius fracture, radiological method", the authors retrieved PubMed for 160 relevant studies published from 2000 to 2019. Using the Chinese key words "fluoroscopy, distal radius fracture, volar plate", the authors searched Wanfang database for 7 relevant studies published from 2000 to 2019. This paper reviewed the literature of intraoperative fluoroscopy in the treatment of distal radius fracture with volar locking plate. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) There are various methods of intraoperative fluoroscopy during volar locking plate fixation for distal radius fracture, such as standard anteroposterior view, lateral view, carpal canal method, skyline, dorsal tangent view and radial groove view. (2) The above common methods still have some limitations in detecting the problem of posterior screw penetration in volar locking plate fixation. The complications such as irritation, abrasion and rupture of the extensor tendon of the dorsal wrist still occur, and the problems brought by the secondary and multiple operations to the patients' life and economy should also be paid attention to. (3) More appropriate intraoperative detection methods should be found, in order to reduce the incidence of complications caused by the internal fixation of the posterior screw with the locking plate on the palmar side.

Objective To explore the magnetic properties of permanent magnet wafers commonly used in magnetotherapy to provide a basis for the scientific and rational use of sources of magnetism.Methods A magnetometer was used to measure the magnetic induction intensities of the N and S polar centers of eight groups of magnet wafers (axial magnetization) with nominal magnetic induction intensities of 6 mT, 10 mT, 20 mT, 30 mT, 60 mT,100 mT, 200 mT and 350 mT.Results There were some differences between the nominal values and the measured mean magnetic induction intensities. In a few groups the differences were close to 20％. There were also differences within the same group. The magnetic induction intensities of the two polar surfaces were not always equal for the same magnet, and there were large differences among individual magnets.Conclusions The intensities of magnetic sources must be measured before use to ensure the consistency of magnetic induction intensities in therapeutic applications.

With the rise of magnetic therapy, biological effects of magnetic field have gotten more and more attention in recent years. Based on literatures both at home and abroad, this article summarized research status of biological effects of static magnetic field on whole level, tissue-organ level, cellular level and molecular level of living organisms. We found that conclusions and results of researches varied with different purposes and experiment methods, demonstrating that researches on dose-response relationship and safety of static magnetic field were necessary.

Objective To investigate midkine (MK) level in serum of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) before and after operation,detect the expression of MK protein in tissues and analyze its relationship with the malignant biological behavior of ESCC.Methods The MK levels in serum were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 30 healthy cases and 55 patients with ESCC when the day before operation and the tenth-day after operation.Then the expression of MK protein in 55 patients surgically removed ESCC were detected by immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibodies against human MK.Results The average optical density of MK in serum of ESCC patients before operation was 0.1006±0.0624,0.0455±0.0155 in normal control group,0.0752±0.0267 in postoperative control group (t =6.203,P ＜ 0.001).The MK levels in serum of ESCC patients before operation were significantly higher than those after operation (t =4.357,P ＜ 0.001) and those in healthy controls (P ＜ 0.05).The expression of MK protein was no statistically significant correlation with tumor size (x2 =0.131),TNM stage (x2 =0.315) and lymph node metastasis (x2 =0.282) in ESCC (all P ＞ 0.05).But significant correlation was noted between the expression of MK protein and the vasculature involving of the cutting edge (x2 =4.223),degree of cellular differentiation (x2 =10.326),invasive extent of the carcinoma (x2 =20.556) (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion MK is overexpressed in ESCC patient' s serum and tissue.The high level of preoperative serum MK is caused by the tumor.

Objective To study the 18F-FDG PET/CT features of tuberculous and malignant diffuse peritoneal lesions and to discuss the diagnostic value of 18F-FDG PET/CT in diagnosing and differentiating the lesions. Methods The 18F-FDG PET/CT features of 72 patients with tuberculous peritonitis,28 primary serous papillary carcinoma of the peritoneum and 135 peritoneal metastases confirmed by clinic and/or histopathology, were retrospectively reviewed. The peritoneal thickening features of tuberculous and malignant peritoneal lesions were observed. The maximal standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of peritoneal lesions and ascites, ascites SUVmax/liver SUVmax (T/NT) were compared between tuberculous peritonitis and cancerous peritonitis. The ROC curve was used to analyze the diagnostic efficiency of T/NT, SUVmax of peritoneal lesions and ascites. Results The typical 18F-FDG PET/CT features of tuberculous peritonitis were uniformity thickening of parietal peritoneum, mesenteric and omental stain like changes, widely and even distribution of the peritoneal 18F-FDG, while the cancerous peritonitis was obvious uneven thickening of parietal peritoneum, mesenteric and omental nodules and pie-shape changes, uneven distribution of the peritoneal 18F-FDG. The degree of 18F-FDG uptake was increased in all peritoneal lesions, and there was no significant difference between the tuberculous group (SUVmax=10.53±5.44) and the cancerous group (SUVmax=11.45±6.78, t=1.017, P>0.05). The 18F-FDG concentration in malignant ascites (SUVmax=1.88±0.65,T/NT=0.73± 0.18) was obvious higher than that of tuberculous ascites (SUVmax=1.67±0.69,T/NT=0.57±0.27, t=2.243 and 5.045,both P<0.05). The area under the ROC curve of T/NT, SUVmax of ascites, SUVmax of peritoneal lesions were 0.707, 0.593, 0.536, respectively. Conclusion The 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging can reflect the morphology and metabolic changes of peritoneal lesions. It is important to combine the SUVmax of ascites in order to improve the efficiency of diagnosing the diffuse peritoneal diseases.

Objective To explore the impacts of magnetic fields of different intensities on the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdchvde (MDA) levels in rat pancreatic islet cells under normal and hypoxic conditions.Methods Rat pancreatic islet cells were culured,and after 3 days were subjected to a magnetic field of either 44.8 mT,90.6 mT or 182.1 mT under either normal or hypoxic conditions.Control cells received no magnetic field exposure,SOD activity and MDA level were measured after 72 hr.Results The cultured cells grew linearly with optical density (OD) of 0.067 ± 0.021 after 2 days and 0.449 ± 0.113 afier 5 days.SOD activity was significantly lower in the three magnetic field intervention groups than in the control group.Under hypoxic culture conditions,in all the magnetic field intervention groups SOD activity increased at first and then deereased.Under normal culture conditions,MDA content was significantly higher in the 182.1 mT group than in the control group.In the other two groups it was significantly lower.Conclusion Magnetic field exposure can cause oxidative damage to pancreatic islet cells,at least rat cells in culture.Under hypoxic culture conditions a magnetic field can inhibit such damage.

Objective To evaluate the mid‐term efficacy of microendoscopic discectomy (MED) and microsurgical lumbar discectomy (MSLD) for treating lumbar disc herniation (LDH) .Methods 98 patients with single segment LDH in the Orthopedic department of the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University from March 2009 to April 2010 were divided into 2 groups ,including 44 cases undergoing MED and 54 cases undergoing MSLD .The operative efficacies were assessed by the visual analogue scale (VAS) , Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) scores and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) .Results There were statistically significant differences in the skin incision length ,amount of intraoperative blood loss and time of returning to work between the two groups (P<0 .01) ,while the operation time ,average hospital stay time and incidence of complications showed no statistically significant differences (P>0 .05) .The mean follow‐up duration was 49 .13 months in the MED group and 47 .24 months in the MSLD group respectively .At the last follow‐up the postoperative back and leg pain VAS scores ,JOA scores and ODI in each group were signifi‐cantly improved compared with the preoperative data (P<0 .01) .However ,there were no statistically significant differences in the intergroup comparison .Conclusion MED and MSLD are the effective methods for treating single segment LDH .However ,MED has less trauma and early out‐of‐bed ambulation ,is an ideal minimally invasive surgery .

Objective To compare the clinical outcome of internal fixation(IF)and total hip arthroplasty (THA)for the elderly patients with displaced femoral neck fracture. Methods A total of 128 patients with dis-placed femoral neck fracture admitted from January 2010 to December 2012 were selected and divided into IF group(61 cases)and THA group(67 cases). The operation and hospitalization index were compared between the 2 groups. All patients underwent follow-ups after operation. The functional recovery scale for hip fracture (FRS) and EQ-5D index were applied to evaluate the clinical outcomes periodically. Results Compared to THA group, the intraoperative trauma ,operation time and bed days were less in IF group(P<0.05),however the incidence of complication in IF group was higher than that in THA group. All the patients were followed up more than 3 years and mortality rate between the 2 groups showed no significant difference(P>0.05). Follow-ups at all time points revealed hip function in THE group is better than that in IF group(P<0.05),while no significant difference was found in terms of life quality(P > 0.05). Within 3 years,the costs related to fracture were 41772 yuan for IF group and 61174 yuan for THA group respectively. Conclusion Both internal fixation and total hip arthroplasty can provide satisfactory outcome for elderly patients with displaced femoral neck fracture. Compared with IF ,THA causes bigger trauma and costs more ,but ends up with lower complication incidences ,and improve hip function in a shorter period.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of Liu Zi Jue Qigong (LQG)-based breathing training on the curvature and range of motion (ROM) of the thoracic and lumbar spines in different positions. Methods: Forty-seven college students were selected as subjects and randomly divided into an observation group and a control group. In the observation group, 27 subjects received regular LQG-based breathing training for 12 weeks, while 20 subjects in the control group did not receive any intervention. The spine measuring instrument Spinal Mouse was adopted to detect the curvature and ROM of the thoracic and lumbar spines. Results: In the observation group, the changes in the curvatures of thoracic spine in the upright and forward-bending positions showed statistical significance after LQG exercise (P<0.05), while there was no notable difference in the control group. The comparison of ROM of the thoracic spine from the upright position to the forward-bending and load-bearing positions showed statistically significant difference in the observation group (P<0.05), while there was no significant difference in the control group. There was no significant difference in the lumbar curvature and ROM in the two groups after LQG exercise. Conclusion: LQG-based breathing training improves the curvature and ROM of the thoracic spine.

Objective To evaluate the antidepressant action of melatonin in stress model of depres-sion and the effects of the melatonin on depressive-like behavior.Methods Forty male Wistar rats were ran-domly divided into four groups(n=10):controls group(CON),chronic unpredictable mild stress group (CUS),chronic unpredictable mild stress group + melatonin group(CUS+MT)and chronic unpredictable mild stress group +ketamine group(CUS+KET).The rats in CUS group,CUS+MT group and CUS+KET group were given different stress stimulation for 42 days to establish the chronic mild unpredictable stress ani-mal model.Sucrose preference experiments was used to detect the depression model and the level of depres-sion was tested by forced swim test.The influence of Short-term low doses of melatonin on the level of BDNF and GluR1 in the prefrontal cortex,was detected by immunohistochemistry(IHC)on 58 day after the start of the experiment.Results (1)The CUS showed depressant-like behavior,and the percent sucrose uptake scores and the cumulative immobility time of the CUS group were decreased significantly(P<0.05).(2)After injection melatonin 14 d,the cumulative immobility time of CUS+MT group((60.70±18.56)s)and CUS+KET group((56.43±20.46)s)were decreased significantly in comparison to the CUS group(146.34±34.10) s).It was observed a highly significant(P<0.05)decrease of and up-regulation of the BDNF cells in CUS+MT group((1 328.99±282.46)/mm2)and CUS+KET group((1 224.76±116.53)/mm2)in comparison to the CUS group,the number of BDNF cells in CUS+MT group was increased significantly in comparison to the CUS+KET group;(3)After administration drug 14 days,the number of GluR1 cells of CUS+KET((807.82± 153.25)/mm2)but not CUS+MT((632 ± 156.34)mm2)significantly increased compared with CUS ((807.82±193.25)/mm2).Conclusion The results indicate that the melatonin induce an antidepressant-like action like ketamine.The antidepressant effects of melatonin may be related with the level of BNDF.