Objective To investigate infectious complications and analyze their risk factors in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and provide clue for antibiotics treatment. Methods Patients with SLE admitted to our hospital between 2002 and 2007 were. reviewed, and the characteristics of their infections including the infection sites, pathogens and the drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria were investigated. The suspected risk factors of infections in patients with SLE were selectod and then analyzed by chi-square test and Logistic regression. Results The prevalence of infection in this group of patients was 24.4% (130/533). One patient died from respiratory tract infection. The common infection sites were respiratory tract (56.9%), urinary tract (23.8%) and skin (18.5%). Bacteria were the most common pathogens of infections in SLId pa-tients (53.3%), the majority of which were gram-negative bacteria. The second major pathogen was fungus (39.2%), and the third was the combination of bacteria and fungus. There were 7 patients with tuberculosis. The common strains causing infections in SLE patients were. Escheriehia coli, Klebsiella pneumonea, Pseu-domonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albican. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests showod that the drug resistant rates increased rapidly. The gram-negative ones were sensitive to eefoperazone-sulbac-tam and carbopenems. The infection-related risk analysis suggested that the independent risk factors of infections in SLE patients included old age, hypopruteinemia, moderate anemia and high dose of eorticos-teruids treat-ment. Conclusion Those patients with infection-related risk factors should be monitored closely for infec-tions. Respiratory tract and urinary tract are the most common infectious sites in SLId patients, and gram-nega-tive bacteria are the major pathogens, so antibiotics such aa cefoperazone-sulbactam or carbopenems may be good choices before the result of antimicrobial susceptibility test information is available.

Objeetive To explore the correlative factors of early progressive motor deficits in cerebral infarction of moderately size in basal ganglia and the relationship between motor deficit progression and the stem lesion of middle cerebral artery.Methods One hundred and fifty patients with single acute infarction located in white matter of basal ganglia region were recruited in this study retrospectively.All patients were performed brain and neck MRI and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) within 72 h after onset.They were divided into two groups based on the maximal diameter of infarction on diffuse weighing imaging(DWI):moderate size infarction group(75 patients,maximal diameter of infarction from 1.5 cm to 3.0 cm) and lacunar infarction group(75 patients,maximal diameter of infarction lower than 1.5 cm).The scores of dynamic National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS) in 7 d after the admission and multiple Logistic regression analysis were used and the risk factors of the early progressive motor deficits were analyzed.Results The rate of early progressive motor deficits in moderate size infarction group was significant higher than that in lacunar infarction group [32.0 ％ (24/75) vs.8.0 ％ (6f75)] (P ＜ 0.05).The multiple Logistic regression analysis showed that elevated systolic blood pressure on admission was the independent risk factor for early progressive motor deficits (P =0.016).The rate of stem lesion of middle cerebral artery in moderate size infarction group was significantly higher than that in lacunar infarction group [41.3 ％ (31/75) vs.9.3 ％ (7/75)] (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Patients with acute single infarction located in white matter of basal ganglia and with the diameter of 1.5-3.0 cm are more prone to early progressive motor deficits and elevated systolic blood pressure on admission is the most significantly independent factor.The pathogenic mechanism may be associated with the stem lesion of middle cerebral artery.

Literatures on arrhythmia induced by acute organophosphorous pesticide poisoning published in domestic journals from 1979 to 2010 were searched. Total 3468 cases of acute organophosphorous poisoning were collected and analyzed. The average abnormal ECC rate was (53 ±15)%(35. 4% -68. 4% ) in acute organophosphorous poisoning, the most common ECG abnormalities were ST-T segment changes (26. 5% ) and sinus tachycardia (16. 6% ). The rate and severity of ECG abnormalities were increased with the severity of organophosphorous poisoning(x2 = 33. 253,P < 0. 01). The most common causes of death in acute organophosphorous poisoning were ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation (26.2%).

Objective To investigate the relationship between white-matter hyperintensities (WMHs) and hemorrhagic transformation and neurological outcome at 3 months after recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) treatment in patients with acute ischemic stroke.Methods The chnical data of 132 patients with acute ischemic stroke who had received intravenous rt-PA therapy were retrospectively reviewed.The severity of WMHs according to the modified Schelten scale was assessed.Hemorrhagic transformation included hemorrhagic infarct (HI) and cerebral parenchymal hemorrhage (PH).Hemorrhagic transformation after thrombolytic therapy and clinical neurological outcome based on modified Rankin scale (mRS) at 3 months was also analyzed.Favorable neurological outcome as mRS 0-1 score and unfavorable neurological outcome as mRS 2-6 scores was defined.Results Hemorrhagic transformation was found in 26 patients (19.7％,26/132) among 132 patients receiving intravenous rt-PA treatment.Seventeen patients were HI type and 9 patients were PH type.Multiple Logistic regression analysis showed that baseline American National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score,diastolic pressure,WMHs score was not correlated with HI type hemorrhagic transformation (P ＞ 0.05) ; and WMHs score was not correlated with PH type hemorrhagic transformation (P ＞0.05),but baseline NIHSS score,diastolic pressure was the independent risk factor of PH type hemorrhagic transformation (P ＜ 0.05).Dicho-Logistic regression analysis showed that WMHs score was the independent risk factor of unfavorable neurological outcome (OR =1.136,95％ CI 1.037-1.245,P =0.008).Conclusion Severe WMHs are not associated with hemorrhagic transformation but independently associated with unfavorable neurological outcome after thrombolytic therapy in patients with acute ischemic stroke.

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of osteoclasts and osteoprotegerin/receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (OPG/RANKL) system on bone destruction of psoriatic arthritis.MethodsThe peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 41 psoriatic arthritis (PsA) patients,20 osteoarthritis (OA) patients and 24 healthy controls were cultured to become osteoclasts.After 14 days,cytochemistry method was used to detect tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) expression.At the same time,enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay(ELISA) was used to measure the levels of serum OPG and RNAKL for all cases.At the same time,the clinical and laboratory examinations of the PsA were collected.Statistical analysis was conducted with one-way ANOVA and Spearman's correlation.ResultsSignificantly higher OC production was observed in the peripheral blood of PsA patients[(17.7±4.8)/view field] than that of the healthy controls[(6.4±1.6)/view field] and OA patients [(6.5±l.6)/view field].The levels of RANKL were significantly higher in PsA patients [(178±38) pg/ml] than those in the other two groups [(32±4) pg/ml and (67±17) pg/ml].There was significant difference between the PsA group with bone destruction and without destruction in the levels of OC and RANKL [(17.6±0.9) /view vs(7.9±1.3) /view and(199±72) pg/ml vs(128±44) pg/ml,P＜0.01].Imaging scores was positively correlated with the levels of OC and RANKL in PsA patients (P＜0.05).ConclusionIn PsA,there are significantly more OC and higher RANKL in the peripheral blood than those of the controls.The high levels of OC and RANKL are closely related with bone destruction.OC and RANKL are useful in identifying bone destruction.

Objective To compare the efficacy of the conventional PPD skin test and a new enzymelinked immunospot assay(TSPOT-TB)for diagnosing latent tuberculosis infection(LTBI)in patients with rheumatic diseases.Methods Two hundred and sixty rheumatic patients were enrolled,and all were screened for LTBI based on clinical history,chest X-ray,PPD skin test or TSPOT.Results The positive rate of TSPOT assay was 24.1%and that of PPD skin test was 39.4%.The overall concordance rate between the 2tests was 61.0%.Among PPD negative patients (n=149).29 were TSPOT(+)(19.5%).Among PPD(+)patients(n=98),69 were TSPOT(-)(70.0%).The patients who got BCG vaccination or had history of tuberculosis infection showed a significantly higher rate of positive result of PPD skin test than those who did not (P<0.05 or P<0.01).While in TSPOT assay,the BCG vaccination or history of tuberculosis infection did not show influence on TSPOT results(P>0.05).Of the 127 patients who received biological agents after screening for LTBI,9 patients were pretreated with isoniazide.Twenty-seven patients stopped biological agent treatment because of the positive results of PPD or TSPOT.Twenty three patients who had positive PPD but negative TSPOT results received biological agent treatment without isoniazide,and none of them developed active tubereulosis after 6 to 18 months of follow-up.Conclusion BCG vaccination affects the result of PPD test in rheumatic patients,but has no influence on TSPOT results.The infection rate of latent tuberculosis of rheumatic patients in our research is 23.8%detected by TSPOT.

Objective To evaluate a new enzyme-linked immunospot assay (TSPOT-TB) for the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection in patients with rheumatic diseases.Methods The rapid TSPOT-TB assay was applied to detect ESAT-6 and CFP-10 specific T cells in blood samples from 126 rheumatic disease patients.A PPD skin test was performed on all patients simultaneously.Results The positive rate of TSPOT assay was 23.8% and that of PPD skin test was 34.9%.The overall agreement between the 2 tests was 71.4%.Among PPD (-) patients (n=82),11 were TSPOT (+) ( 13.4% ).Among PPD (+) patients (n=44),25 were TSPOT(-) ( 56.8% ).The patients who got BCG vaccination showed a significantly higher rate of positive results of PPD skin test than those who did not(41% vs 19%,P＜0.05).While in TSPOT assay,the BCG vaccination did not show any influence on TSPOT results (22% vs 27%,P＞0.05).Conclusion BCG vaccina-tion affects the results of PPD test in patients with rheumatic diseases,but has no influence on TSPOT results.The infection rate of latent tuberculosis in patients with rheumatic diseases in our study is 23.8% detected by TSPOT.

Objective To evaluate the biomechanical characteristics of 4 fixation methods (single reconstruction plate,dual reconstruction plates,single cannulated screw and dual cannulated screws) in the treatment of pubic symphysis disruption.Methods Miniature spiral CT scans were performed on the complete pelvis in 5 healthy volunteers.The primary two-dimensional CT scan data at Dicom format were imported into software Mimics 15.0 for three-dimensional reconstruction of bilateral hips and sacrums.The finite element model of skeletal pelvis was obtained by grid partitioning and assignment using software Abqus 6.13.Models of pubic symphysis disruption were simulated by cutting off the unilateral sacroiliac ligament,sacral spine ligament,sacral tuberosity ligament,pubic ligament and pubic arch.Four implants(single reconstruction plate,dual reconstruction plates,single cannulated screw and dual cannulated screws) were simulated and emplaced onto the models according to standard surgical procedures.Compressive and rotational loads were implemented in all models for finite element analysis.The biomechanical properties were recorded and analyzed,including construct stiffness,micromotion of the pubic symphysis and yon Misses stress.Results Under vertical load,the space of pubic symphysis disruption ＞ 25 mm.The vertical stiffness and rotational construct stiffness of the pelvis decreased significantly from 442.738 ±29.946 N/mm and 10.118 ± 1.432 N · m/Deg in the normal group to 14.754 ±0.876 N/mm and 0.328 ±0.119 N · m/Deg,respectively.Dual reconstruction plates and dual cannulated screws displayed the best vertical tensile strength;their construct stiffness achieved 117.647 ±9.193 N/mm and 131.443 ±4.348 N/mm,respectively.Under anti-rotation load,dual cannulated screws displayed the best performance because they rebuilt 68.6％ of the whole structural stiffness.For the local stability of the pubic symphysis,dual reconstruction plates showed a strong local anti-rotation capability and dual cannulated screws a good local anti-tensile capability.The displacement in the dual cannulated screws group was only-0.240 ±0.119 mm under vertical load while the angular displacement in the dual reconstruction plates group only 0.218°±0.182°.Single reconstruction plate endured the maximum yon Misses stress which was obviously concentrated.Conclusion Dual cannulated screws may have biomechanical advantages for treatment of pubic symphysis disruption.