Objective: To understand the status and genotype of norovirus in Wuhu, and provide the basic molecular epidemiological data for norovirus infection control and prevention, 2017. Methods: Anal swab and vomit specimens were collected during outbreaks from patients, primarily using fluorescence quantitative PCR to preliminarily identify the genotype of norovirus; according to preliminary result , through their respective specific primer, RT-PCR was applied, and sequencing was done to identify virus genotypes. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis of norovirus was performed by using biological software. Results: Seventeen norovirus epidemics were observed in Wuhu area, a total of 137 specimens were collected. Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR result showed that 77 specimens were norovirus nucleic acid testing positive, and all were GⅡ genotype. Through specific primers amplification, sequencing analysis showed that the 2017 outbreaks in Wuhu were caused only by two genotypes, GⅡ.3 and GⅡ. 2, including one case of GⅡ. 3, Six cases of GⅡ.2, and 10 epidemic aggregations, 8 cases of GⅡ. 2, and there were two cases of G Ⅱ. 4 Sydney 2012. Conclusions Norovirus GⅡ.2 genotype was dominant in norovirus outbreaks and the aggregation epidemics, other genotypes were occasionally seen in Wuhu, 2017.

Objective:To conduct a multidimensional quantification and analysis of the development trajectory of both "quality" and "quantity" in China's higher education from 2001 to 2021, and lay a solid foundation for the construction of a high-quality education system.Methods:Based on macro statistical data on education in China from 2001 to 2021, a comprehensive indicator system for the development level of higher education was established. This system included six dimensions: educational conditions, financial support, institutional safeguards, scientific research, social services, and international collaboration. Methods such as entropy-weighted TOPSIS, general difference index, spatial autocorrelation, and hot spot analysis were used to evaluate the level of high-quality development of higher education and its spatial differentiation. Additionally, an obstacle degree analysis model was used to evaluate the factors hindering the high-quality development of higher education.Results:The high-quality development level of China's higher education has steadily improved, with a growth rate of 2.85%. The spatial distribution exhibited a clustering pattern, with stable hotspot regions established in the eastern region characterized by significant "spillover" effects. Concurrently, the western regions narrowed the development gap compared with other areas. Scientific research represents the primary challenge to achieving high-quality development in higher education, with an average obstacle degree of 18.46%. Books per student, fixed assets per student, foreign technology imported per institution, research & development project funds, research & development projects per institution, and personnel investment in research & development projects were important constraints on the development of higher education in China and the provinces.Conclusions:Resource sharing and linkage need to be guaranteed by policy and institutional support, and each subject of higher education should give full play to its own advantages to contribute to the high-quality development of higher education through interregional linkage development, mutual synergy, and common progress.

Objective To monitor the antifungal resistance of clinical isolates of Candida spp.in the East China region.Methods MALDI-TOF MS or molecular methods were used to re-identify the strains collected from January 2018 to December 2022.Antifungal susceptibility testing was performed using the broth microdilution method.The susceptibility test results were interpreted according to the breakpoints of 2022 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI)documents M27 M44s-Ed3 and M57s-Ed4.Results A total of 3 026 strains of Candida were collected,65.33％of which were isolated from sterile body sites,mainly from blood(38.86％)and pleural effusion/ascites(10.21％).The predominant species of Candida were Candida albicans(44.51％),followed by Candida parapsilosis complex(19.46％),Candida tropicalis(13.98％),Candida glabrata(10.34％),and other Candida species(0.79％).Candida albicans showed overall high susceptibility rates to the 10 antifungal drugs tested(the lowest rate being 93.62％).Only 2.97％of the strains showed dose-dependent susceptibility(SDD)to fluconazole.Candida parapsilosis complex had a SDD rate of 2.61％and a resistance rate of 9.42％to fluconazole,and susceptibility rates above 90％to other drugs.Candida glabrata had a SDD rate of 92.01％and a resistance rate of 7.99％to fluconazole,resistance rates of 32.27％and 48.24％to posaconazole and voriconazole non-wild-type strains(NWT),respectively,and susceptibility rates above 90％to other drugs.Candida tropicalis had resistance rates of 29.55％and 26.24％to fluconazole and voriconazole,respectively,resistance rates of 76.60％and 21.99％to posaconazole and echinocandins non-wild-type strains(NWT),and a resistance rate of 2.36％to echinocandins.Conclusions The prevalence and species distribution of Candida spp.in the East China region are consistent with previous domestic and international reports.Candida glabrata exhibits certain degree of resistance to fluconazole,while Candida tropicalis demonstrates higher resistance to triazole drugs.Additionally,echinocandins resistance has emerged in Candida albicans,Candida glabrata,Candida tropicalis,and Candida parapsilosis.