Objective To evaluate the bone repair capacity ofpolylactic acid-polyglycolic acid copolymer (PLGA)/collagen type Ⅰ (CoI) microspheres combined with BMSCs after being injected in intertrochanteric bone defect of osteoporotic female rats.Methods Prepared PLGA microspheres.The microspheres were coated with Col.BMSCs of the third passage were cultured with PLGA/CoI microspheres.Forty 3-month-old female SD rats were ovariectomized to establish osteoporotic animal models.The osteoporotic rats were randomly divided into 5 groups,including SHAM group,PBS group,Cell group,MS group and Cell+ MS group.There were 8 rats in each group.Different material was injected into the intertrochanteric bone defect site which was made with electric drill.Four rats of each group were sacrificed at 1 month and 3 months post-operation.The fenora were taken to measure the intertrochanteric bone mineral density (BMD) with DEXA and evaluate trabecular stucture with Micro CT.Results After 7 days of coculture,BMSCs seeded on PLGA/CoI microspheres had nice adherance and proliferation.There was no difference of BMC and BMD among all groups at 1 month post-operation.Tb.Th of Cell+MS group was higher than that of PBS group and MS group at 1 month post-operation.％Tb.Ar of Cell+MS group was higher than that of Cell group and MS group at 1 month post-operation.Tb.Sp of Cell+MS group had a tendence to decrease compared with other groups but there was no statistical difference at 1 month post-operation.After 3 months of operation,the BMC of Cell+MS group had a tendence to increase compared with that of PBS group and MS group but showed no statistical difference.BMD and Tb.Th of Cell+MS group was higher than those of other groups.％Tb.Ar of Cell+MS group was higher than that of SHAM group and PBS group.Tb.Sp of Cell+MS group had a tendence to reduce compared with other groups but showed no statistical difference.Conclusion The bone defect of osteoporotic site can be repaired 1 month after the injection of the PLGA/CoI microspheres combined with BMSCs.The trabecular reconstruction and bone quality of osteoporotic site can be improved 3 months after the injection.

Objective To search one ultrasonic method which could evaluate gastric emptying function accurately.Methods The gastric emptying time of 74 normal volunteers were measured by radioisotope scanning and different ultrasonic methods which including gastric antrum area,gastric antrum volume and whole gastric cylinder method.Results The gastric emptying time measured by whole gastric cylinder method related best with those measured by radioisotope scanning (r =0.79).The gastric emptying time was no significant difference between the cylinder method and radionuclide scanning (P ＞0.05).Compared with radionuclide scanning,those measured by gastric antrum area and gastric antrum volume had significant differences.Conclusions The whole gastric cylinder method can accurately reflect the gastric emptying function.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of induction chemotherapy with nedaplatin and docetaxel plus concurrent intensity?modulated radiotherapy ( IMRT) with nedaplatin or cisplatin in the treatment of locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods A total of 223 patients with pathologically diagnosed locally advanced NPC in five treatment centers from 2011 to 2012 were randomly divided into two groups. In the test group, one hundred and thirteen patients received two cycles of induction chemotherapy with docetaxel (65 mg/ m2 on day 1) and nedaplatin (80 mg/ m2 on day 1) plus concurrent IMRT with nedaplatin (40 mg/ m2 on day 1). In the control group, 110 patients received two cycles of induction chemotherapy with the same regimens plus concurrent IMRT with cisplatin (40 mg/ m2 on day 1). The survival rates were calculated with the Kaplan?Meier method and the differences in the survival rates between the two groups were analyzed using the log?rank test. Comparison of the incidence rates of adverse reactions between the two groups was made by the chi?square test. Results The follow?up rate was 99?? 1%.The response rates at 3 months after treatment in the two groups were both 100%. The 2?year local recurrence?free, regional recurrence?free, distant metastasis?free, and overall survival rates were 94?? 0%, 94?? 2%, 88?? 2%, and 90?? 3%, respectively, in the test group, versus 93?? 4%, 94?? 1%, 86?? 7%, and 87?? 3% in the control group ( P= 0?? 757、 0?? 478、 0?? 509、 0?? 413). The incidence rates and severity of leucopenia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia were significantly higher in the test group than in the control group ( P= 0?? 027 , 0?? 028 , 0?? 035 ) . The incidence rates and severity of hemoglobin reduction and nausea /vomiting were significantly lower in the test group than in the control group (P= 0?? 000,0?? 023). There were no significant differences in the incidence rates of mucositis and xerostomia between the two groups ( P=0?? 483,0?? 781). Conclusions The short?term efficacy of induction chemotherapy with nedaplatin and docetaxel plus concurrent IMRT with nedaplatin is similar to that with cisplatin in the treatment of locally advanced NPC. The mild gastrointestinal reactions can be tolerated by patients. However, the severe myelosuppression should be closely monitored during the treatment.

BACKGROUND:Percutaneous injection of bone cement into the vertebral body can enhance the vertebral strength and vertebral stability, and obtain pain relief. But the bone cement may leakage into the paravertebral vessels during injection, and may back to the right ventricle and flow into the pulmonary artery through vena cave and thus causing pulmonary embolism.
OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the relationship between cement paravertebral vascular leakage and pulmonary cement embolism during percutaneous vertebroplasty.
METHODS:Total y 134 cases of osteoporotic compression fractures treated with vertebroplasty were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 23 cases of cement paravertebral vascular leakage were considered as the experimental group, and the 43 cases without cement paravertebral vascular leakage and had the complete imaging data were considered as the control group. The spine and chest X-ray films were taken before and after vertebroplasty to detect whether there were cement paravertebral vascular leakage and pulmonary cement embolism in the patients of two groups.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Among the 134 patients, 23 patients had cement paravertebral vascular leakage, and accounted for 17.2%. Among the 23 patients with cement paravertebral vascular leakage, three cases had pulmonary cement embolism without chest symptoms, and accounted for 13%. No pulmonary cement embolism occurred in the 43 patients without paravertebral vascular leakage of the control group, and there was no significant difference between two groups (P=0.039). Although the patients with cement pulmonary embolism remained asymptomatic, pulmonary cement embolism remained possible if cement paravertebral vascular leakage was detected during vertebroplasty.

ObjectiveTo analyze the influencing factors and clinical results of radial shortening after operation of intra-articular fractures. MethodsA total of 54 patients with intra-articular fractures of the distal radius treated surgically from January 2003 to January 2008 were followed up and divided into radial shortening group ( ＞ 4 mm) and control group ( ＜ 4 mm) by whether radial shortening was more than 4 mm. Fracture types, comminution and defection degree, age, surgical approach and internal fixation method, whether bone implant in operation, post-operative volar tilting angle and ulnar inclination angle, and wrist function score were investigated and compared between the two groups. ResultsThe incidence of radial shortening in post-operation of intra-articular fractures of the distal radius was 30％.Age and whether bone implant in operation were significantly different between the two groups. Type C fractures were more liable to radial shortening than type B fractures. Operation approach and internal fixation method have no significant influence on the radial shortening. Volar tilting angle and ulnar inclination angle were not significantly different between the two groups and the excellent and good rate of function score was lower in the radial shortening group. ConclusionThere is a high incidence of radial shortening after operation for the intra-articular fractures of the distal radius, which affects the clinical results of operation. Therefore, we should pay more attention to the influencing factors and take corresponding precaution methods during operation.

Objective To evaluate the treatment efficacy,toxicities and prognostic factors of nasopharyngeal carcinoma ( NPC ) treated with intensity modulated radiation oncology ( IMRT ).Methods Between January 2006 and August 2008,300 patients with pathologically diagnosed NPC from 6 center received IMRT.The number of patients with stage Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳa+b disease (UICC/AJCC 2002 staging system) were 6,45,141 and 108,respectively.The prescription doses were as follows:70-74 Gy/30f toplanning target volume of primary nasopharynx tumor ( PTVRλ),68-70 Gy/30f to planning target volume of positive lymphnode (ptvnd),60-64 Gy/30f to higher risk region (PTV1),50-54 Gy/30f to lower risk region (PTV2).Patients with stage Ⅲ and Ⅳa+b disease also received cisplatin-based chemotherapy.Cox method was used for Multivariate analysis.ResultsThe follow-up rate was 99.7％.The 4-year rate of local control,regional control,metastasis-free survival (DMFS),disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) was 94.0％,95.5％,87.4％,80.8％,86.1％,respectively.Mucositis was the most severe acute toxicity,with 18.0％grade 1,48.7％grade 2,33.3％grade 3.No patient suffered from grade 4mucositis.Xerostomia was the most common late toxicity,with 12.0％ grade 0,75.7％ grade 1,12.3％grade 2.No grade 3-4 xerostomia was observed.There were 18,15 and 42 patients failed in local,regional and distant metastasis,respectively.Multivariate analysis showed that N stage was the only prognostic factor for OS (x2 =5.17,P=0.023),DMFS (x2 =6.91,P=0.009) and DFS (x2 =8.15,P=0.004) in these patients.ConclusionsIMRT can improve the treatment efficacy of NPC.The acute and late toxicities were tolerated.Distant metastasis becomes the main treatment failure.N stage is a significant prognostic factors.

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics of vertebral compression fracture ( VCF) in glucocorticosteroid-induced osteoporosis ( GIOP) and risk of vertebral refracture after percuta-neous vertebroplasty ( PVP) or percutaneous kyphoplasty ( PKP) .Methods:In the study, 570 cases who received PVP or PKP as treatments of VCF from January 2010 to December 2013 were retrospective re-viewed, of which 42 were GIOP and 21 were followed up as GIOP group, and the other 528 were primary osteoporosis and 391 were followed up, of which 84 were selected as Control group based on age and gen-der.The fracture location, ratio of single segment fracture and multiple segments fracture in the two groups were compared.In the final follow up, the reoperation rates for vertebral refractures by the Kap-lan-Meier method in the two groups were compared.Results:The follow up periods were (24.0 ±13.1) months in GIOP group and (25.8 ±14.4) months in control group(P>0.05).In GIOP group, there were 11 cases with one-segment fracture, 2 with two-segments fracture, 3 with three-segments fracture, 2 with four-segments fracture, 2 with five-segments fracture and 1 with eight-segments fracture.In Control group, there were 67 cases with one-segment fracture, 12 with two-segments fracture, 3 with three-seg-ment fracture, and 2 with four-segments fracture.The ratio of single segment fracture in GIOP group was significantly lower than that in Control group(52.4% vs.79.8%,P=0.01).There were 50 fracture segments in GIOP group and 109 fracture segments in Control group.The ratios of fracture segments loca-ted in thoracic segments(T1-T10), thoracolumbar segments(T11-L1)and lumbar segments(L2-L5) were 18%, 46%and 36% in GIOP group and 11.9%, 58.7% and 29.4% in Control group ( P >0.05).The refracture rate in GIOP group was higher than that in control group (23.8%vs.6.0%).The survival rate was lower in GIOP group than that in control group ( P<0.01) .Conclusion:The predilection site of VCF was similar in GIOP and primary osteoporosis ( thoracolumbar segments>thoracic segments>lumbar segments).The risk of multiple segments VCF was higher in GIOP than in primary osteoporosis. The risk of vertebral refractures after PVP or PKP was higher in GIOP than in primary osteoporosis.

Objective:To describe the application of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) augmentation of cement-injectable cannulated pedicle screws for the treatment of degenerative lumbar scoliosis with osteoporosis.Methods: Retrospective cohort study was used to compare cement injectable cannulated pedicle screws (CICPs) group with PMMA augmentation and control group with traditional method in the correction surgery for Lenke-silva level Ⅲ and level Ⅳ degenerative scoliosis cases with osteoporosis.Both groups were followed up for 1 year.The clinical results were assessed by visual analog scale (VAS) of pain on lumbar and lower limbers,Oswestry disability index (ODI) score and EuroQol-5 dimensions (EQ-5D) score.The coronal major curve Cobb angel in coronal plane and thoracic kyphosis Cobb angle,lumbar lordosis Cobb angle and sagittal vertical axis (SVA) in sagittal plane were tested in whole long spine X ray.The fusion rates were evaluated by lumbar X ray and dynamic X ray.Results: In this study 34 cases were enrolled,15 cases in CICPs group and 19 cases in control group.The general characteristics including age,gender,weight,height,BMI and BMD were without statistical difference between the two groups.There were (5.7±2.2)PMMA augmentation screws in CICPs group.The operation time,blood loss and blood transfusion were higher in CICPs group than in control group,but without statistical difference.Lumbar VAS,lower limbers VAS,ODI score and EQ-5D were all better in 1 month post-operation,6 months postoperation and 1 year postoperation than in preoperation in both groups.lumbar VAS scores of CICPs group in 6 months postoperation(CICPs group 3.1±1.3 vs.control group 4.4±1.4,P<0.01) together with lumbar VAS scores (CICPs group 3.3±1.0 vs.control group 5.2±1.4,P<0.01),ODI scores (CICPs group 22.7±17.2 vs.control group 31.4±18.5,P<0.01) and EQ-5D in 1 year postoperation (CICPs group 2.9±2.0 vs.control group 3.5±2.5,P<0.01)were lower than those of control group.The coronal major curve Cobb angels were all lower in 1 month postoperation,6 months postoperation and 1 year postoperation than in preoperation in both groups;thoracic kyphosis Cobb angle and lumbar lordosis Cobb angle were all higher in 1 month postoperation,6 months postoperation and 1 year postoperation than in preoperation in both groups.The coronal major curve Cobb angel was lower in CICPs group than that in control group in 1 year postoperation (CICPs group 17.6°±6.9° vs.control group 21.2°±7.2°,P<0.01)and thoracic kyphosis Cobb angle was higher in CICPs group than that in control group in 6 months postoperation (CICPs group-33.5°±8.8 °vs.control group-28.9°±8.3°,P<0.01)and 1 year postoperation(CICPs group-33.0°±8.1° vs.control group-26.3°±7.4°,P<0.01) together with lumbar lordosis Cobb angle were higher in CICPs group than that in control group in 1 year postoperation(CICPs group 26.4°±8.1° vs.control group 22.1°±7.3°,P<0.01).Conclusion: Polymethylmethacrylate augmentation of bone cement-injectable cannulated pedicle screws for the treatment of degenerative lumbar scoliosis with osteoporosis was effective and safe,the short-term clinical result was good.

Objective To summarize the clinical features of global developmental delay (GDD) children,and to explore the relationship between severity of GDD and social-culture factors.Methods Sign the informed consent before enrollment.Collect clinical data in detail about 100 GDD children (GDD group) and 95 children with normal development (healthy control group),and analyze their regular clinical data,physical examination,intellectual disability test,electroencephalography (EEG) and cranial imaging test.Spearman rank correlation was used to analyze the differences of social and cultural factors between GDD group and healthy control group,such as maternal reproductive age,parental education level and family economic status.At the same time,we compared the lag degree of total developmental quotient and the degree of developmental retardation of five energy areas with the above factors.Results Significant associations were found between GDD and maternal/paternal education,economic level of family,but no sgnificant association was found between maternal age and GDD.And analysis in the relationship between severity of delay in all domains of the child's developmental status about language and social-culture factors,we only obtained the severity of delay in abilities about language is related with maternal education.Spearman rank correlation statistics explains that if there are the lower level of education with mothers,the delay of language domain will more severe (rs =-0.505,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Significant associations were found between GDD and maternal/paternal education,economic level of family.The higher maternal education was an important protective factor against risk of GDD.Improving the cognition of parents in child health care,early be diagnosed,early be intervened,is the most important for children with language development.

As the first cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 inhibitors, palbociclib significantly improved the survival of the patients with the hormone receptor-positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 negative breast cancer. Palbociclib is a crucial landmark in the development history of antineoplastic drugs. This article reviews the mechanism of palbociclib, and summarizes the clinical trials, side effects, and the application of palbociclib.