G protein-coupled receptor 30(GPR30) was a novel estrogen receptor identified as membrane associated receptor in the late 1990s.This new member of estrogen receptors was independent of the classic nuclear estrogen receptor ? and ? due to the low homology and signifi cant difference between them.It was reported that GPR30 localized endoplasmic reticulum predominantly,which was expressed in diverse cancer cells and a wide range of systems throughout the body.The rapid non-genetic response,partially at least,transcription regulation of estrogenic effects were mediated by the novel receptor via transactivation of epidermal growth factor receptor and modulation of second messengers such as cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP) and Ca2+.These pathways,possibly coordinate with ER?,were involved in various physiological,physiopathological and carcinogenesis process.Theoretically,GPR30 would be a novel therapeutic target in estrogen-related diseases such as breast carcinoma.

Objective To evaluate the roles of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3) played in delayed xenograft rejection.Method Mice-to-rats cardiac xenograft model was established and recipients were administrated by inhibitor of phosphorylation of STAT3,5,15-Diphenylporphyrin(DPP),and immunosuppressive agent,ciclosporin A (CsA) alone or both.The survival of graft was analyzed.Immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting were utilized to detect the phosphorylated STAT3 (p-STAT3),and real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to assess STAT3-targeted genes in grafts.Result The expression of p-STAT3 was increased significantly with the prolonged survival in grafts (P ＜ 0.05).Administration of DPP and CsA both significantly prolonged survival of the grafts (P＜0.05),and decreased the expressions of STAT3-targeted genes including Bcl-xl,Bcl-2,Cyclin D1,C-myc and VEGF (P＜0.05).DPP and CsA exerted the synergistic effects.Conclusion STAT3,which is persistently activated in cardiac xenografts,probably up-regulates downstream genes to promote proliferation and to inhibit apoptosis of endothelial cells,leading to the activation of endothelial cells and delayed xenograft rejection.

OBJECTIVE To investigate and analyze the risk factors,clinical characteristics and prevention countermeasures of hospital fungal incfection in old patients with malignant tumors.METHODS To adopt investigation way to review and analyze the clinical data of hospital fungal infection in 165 cases from the old patients with malignant tumors.RESULTS Among 165 cases the infection occurred predominantly in lower respiratory tract(47.2%),and with urological tract being second(19.0%).Of 165 strains of fungi from 165 patients,the first was Candida albicans(55.8%),and the second was C.tropicalis(23.0%).CONCLUSIONS The causes of hospital fungal infection in old patients with malignant tumors are highly associated with the risk factors such as primary tumor,age,radiotherapy,chemotherapy,antibiotics,hormone,invasive operation,and so on.

In April 10, 2010, an earthquake measuring magnitude 7.1 shocked Yushu County,Qinghai province. For medical rescue, the National Earthquake Disaster Emergency Rescue Team was sent to Yushu right away. Rescue work in Yushu was faced with such difficulties as short preparative time, heavy workload, high exposure to various acute high altitude diseases (AHAD), and a number of other diseases frequently found on the cold plateau. To ensure the rescue work a success, the team took a series of measures including efficient preparative procedure, scientific and logical procedure in the emergency medical aid operations, reliable and effective handling of AHADs, along with sufficient self protection for team members.

Objective To investigate autophagy and proteasome system alteration in vivo and in vitro of diabetic nephropathy (DN) model rats.Methods Rat glomerular mesangial cells were primaryly cultured,and cell proliferation was tested by MTT assay.The mesangial cells were cultured under different concentrations of glucose (5.4 mmol/L for normal control and 30 mmol/L for high glucose) for 0,8,16,72 hours.The expression of autophagy (LC3) and proteasome (PSMAs) proteins was examined by Western blotting analysis.Spontaneous type 2 diabetes model OLETF and its normal control LETO rats were observed for 36 weeks.The levels of blood glucose and 24 hours urinary protein were evaluated in every 4 weeks.All the rats were sacrificed at the 36th week,and renal pathological changes were semi-quantitively analyzed.The expression of PSMAs and LC3 proteins was also examined in kidney cortex by Western blotting.Results Under high glucose concentrations,the abundance of PSMAs and LC3 proteins significantly reducedin the mesangial cells at 8 hours.There was no significant difference at other time points.The levels of blood glucose and 24 h urinary protein in OLETT rats exhibited progressive increase compared to those in LETO rats (all P＜0.01).And glomerular sclerosis index and tubulointerstitial injury index were significantly higher than those in LETO rats (all P＜0.01).The abundance of PSMAs proteins was significantly reduced in renal cortex of OLETF rats compared with LETO rats,while the abundance of LC3 proteins had no significant difference between two groups.Conclusion Proteolytic system dysfunction may play a role in pathogenesis of DN.

Objective: To biomechanically compare the initial stability of two cervical interbody cages with different surfaces on human specimens.Methods: Flexibility of twenty-three cervical motion segments (two groups) were tested in axial rotation, flexion/extension and lateral bending, intact and after implantation of a cervical interbody fusion cage (SynCage-C Curved, SynCage-C Wedged). An implant pullout concluded testing. Changes in range of motion (ROM) were analyzed.Results: Both cages were effective at reducing ROM in all directions, with no significant differences in effacency. The pullout force differed significantly between the two cages, the SynCage Curved being higher. Conclusion: Differences of surfaces of the two cages don't affect their initial stability. The cage with a better contoured surface had a higher pullout force.

Objecive To explore the medicine packaging improvement based on PAP shelter hospital requirements to fulfill emergency medicine support,Methods The medicine support during rescue was discussed from the aspects of considerations in medicine plan,requirement for emergency medicine,special medicine purchasing and medicine support,and some countermeasures were put forward for improving medicine packaging.Results Its suggested that the optimization of medicine packaging be performed with considerations on medicine property,package capacity,convenience,transport and environmental suitability.Conclusion Emergency medicine support is of importance for disaster medical rescue,and medicine packaging improvement based on PAP shelter hospital requirements contributes to enhancing the efficiency during disaster rescue.

Objective To investigate the incidence of sharp injury (SI)among health care workers(HCWs)in dif-ferent levels of hospitals in Gansu Province,so as to improve HCWs’precaution awareness,standardize behavior, and provide guide for making occupational precaution measures.Methods From January to December 2012,HCWs in 38 medical institutes in Gansu Province were selected with stratified random sampling,HCWs were surveyed through questionnaires and interview.Results A total of 11 358 questionnaires were received,the incidence of SI was 9.87%(n=1 121),case rate was 12.60%(n=1 431),the frequency of SI was 1.05 times/(person·month).SI rates of different genders,positions and years of working were statistically different (all P <0.05).The main medical devices cau-sing SI were syringe needle,venous transfusion scalp needle and surgical suture .SI caused by known sources were 1 099 times (76.80%);980 times (68.48%)of SI were induced by contaminated sources,474 (48.37%)of which were blood-borne diseases,bloodborne disease exposure accounted for 33.12%.Among bloodborne disease exposure,hepatitis B virus accounted for 74.25%,Treponema pallidun 13.10%,hepatitis C virus 12.01% ,and human immunodeficiency virus 0.64%.Conclusion There is a high incidence rate of SI among HCWs in Gansu Province,it is a very important public health problem which needs to be solved.

Objective To investigate perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis in thyroid operation at all levels of hospitals in a province.Methods From January 1 ,2011 to December 31 ,2013,all kinds of thyroid operation in a province were conducted targeted monitor,investigated results were analyzed.Results A total of 1 304 cases of thy-roid operation were investigated,1 294 (99.23%)were elective operation;duration of operation of 1 051 cases (80.60%)were ≤2 hours;antimicrobial use rate was 96.70%;196 patients (15.45%)were administered 30 mi-nutes before operation,887 patients (70.34%)used antimicrobial agents for >48 hours;19.53% of patients used the first generation cephalosporins and clindamycin.Conclusion There are some problems in antimicrobial use in thyroid operation in this province,such as inappropriate choice of antimicrobial agents,improper administration time,long time use of antimicrobial agents,and use antimicrobial agents without indications.Management of anti-microbial agents should be strengthened,so as to promote the rational use of antimicrobial agents.

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of a healthcare-associated infection(HAI) outbreak due to multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (AB) in an intensive care unit(ICU), and provide basis for the prevention and control of HAI.Methods Epidemiological investigation and environmental hygiene monitoring methods were adopted to investigate patients who had pulmonary infection after they were admitted to the ICU of a hospital in April 1-26, 2015, risk factors were analyzed and corresponding preventive control measures were taken.Results A total of 15 cases of extensively drug-resistant AB(XDR-AB) healthcare-associated lower respiratory tract infection occurred.15 strains of AB were isolated from 15 patients.No.1, 3, 4, 5, No.6, 7, 8, 9, and No.10, 11 patients were detected AB with the same antimicrobial susceptibility testing results respectively;occurrence time of infection was relatively centralized.A total of 43 specimens from environmental surface and hands of health care workers(HCWs) were collected, detection rates of AB from bedside cabinet, monitor button, and hands of HCWs were 100.00%(1/1), 75.00%(6/8), and 66.67%(4/6)respectively.AB were not detected from specimens of treatment table, infusion pump button, and doctors' nasal swabs.By late May 2015, there were no new such cases in ICU.Conclusion This AB HAI may be spread through environmental surface and hands of HCWs in ICU, AB isolated from patients is extensively antimicrobial resistant, active treatment of patients and strict disinfection and isolation measures can effectively control further prevalence.