Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia is a preinvasive lesion of cervical carcinoma associated with HPV infection.It can be classified as low or high grade according to the degree of the lesion.Low grade lesion includes HPV infection and CIN1,and high grade lesion includes CIN2～3.HPV infection and CIN have become very common among fertile women,so more and more attention has been paid to the influence that HPV infection,cervical lesion and their treatments would have on pregnancy.HPV infection may increase during pregnancy period.Tough there will be more chances for the vaginal delivery infants to be exposed to HPV,it is not proper to draw a conclusion that cesarean must be performed for all HPV infected pregant women.If CIN1 is found during pregnancy,observation and close follow-up post partum should be advised.Pregnancy may not deteriorate CIN2～3,but clear diagnosis should be made during pregnancy if colposcopy examination result is not satisfactory or great doubt for invasive cancer exits.In this case,conization during the second semester of the pregancy is advised,which may increase the cesarean rate.Conservative therapy for CIN has not significant influnce on fertility,while cold knife conization and LEEP conization may increase the premature delivery rate,which may be associated with premature ruption of fetal membrane.

0.05).Among the 26 pregnancies,there occurred one ectopic pregnancy and four cases of spontaneous abortion.In the 13 delivery cases,there were one premature delivery,two cases of premature rupture of the membrane,and ten cases of cesarean section.The sample height of the cone was less than 2.0 cm in the nine delivery cases,and the mean width of the cone was over 2.5 cm.Conclusion No evidence of secondary infertility caused by cervical conization was found.There was also no significant increase in the number of either premature delivery cases or low birth weight infants. The sample height of the cone might play a more important role in the pregnancy outcome than the width, which still needs to be further verified by larger studies.

Objective To investigate the effects of sodium butyrate on the activity of RAW264.7 cells and the osteoclast differentiation.Methods The RAW264.7 cells were treated by sodium butyrate at concentrations of 0,0.25,0.50,1.00,2.00,3.00,4.00 and 5.00 mmol/L,with 3 double pores for each concentration.The cytotoxicity of sodium butyrate on RAW264.7 cells was detected by a CCK-8 kit.The effects of sodium butyrate (0,0.25,0.50 and 1.00 mmol/L) on apoptosis of RAW264.7 cells were detected by Hoechst33342 staining.RAW264.7 cells were induced into osteoclasts by osteoclast differentiation factors.The experiment was carried out in 2 groups (n =3).After induced maturation,the experimental group was treated with 1.00 mmol/L sodium butyrate and the control medium was added only with the same volume of solvent.The number of osteoclasts and the area of bone resorption were observed and compared.The differentiation of RAW264.7 cells was detected by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining.Western blotting was used to detect the effects of sodium butyrate (0,0.25,0.50 and 1.00 mmol/L) on NF-κB-related signaling pathway in RAW264.7 cells.Results Compared with the group of 0 mmol/L sodium butyrate,the activity of cells treated with 1.00,2.00,3.00,4.00 and 5.00 mmol/L sodium butyrate for 24 h was significantly decreased (P ＜ 0.05).Treatment with 1.00 mmol/L sodium butyrate for 24 h induced apoptosis.The number of osteoclasts in the control group and the experimental group were 9.33 ± 2.08 and 4.67 ± 1.16,respectively,showing a significant difference between the 2 groups (t =3.395,P =0.027).The percentages of bone resorption area in the control group and the experimental group were 52.43％ ± 5.38％ and 14.28％ ± 2.72％,respectively,also showing a significant difference between the 2 groups (t =10.970,P ＜ 0.001).Western blot results showed that,compared with other concentrations of sodium butyrate,treatment with 1 mmol/L sodium butyrate on RAW264.7 cells for 24 h led to an increase in the expression levels of cytoplasmic p65,B lymphoma-2 associated X protein and cleaved-caspase 3 and the acetylation of Histone H3 but a decrease in the phosphorylation level of α/β subunit of NF-κB kinase.Conclusions With the increased concentration of sodium butyratecan,the activity of NF-κB may be suppressed and the number of apoptotic cells may increase.1.00 mmol/L sodium butyrate can reduce osteoclast formation and bone resorption area.

Programmed cell death (PCD) is a genetically determined, active and orderly cell death in the organism, and it affects the evolution of the organism, maintenance of its homeostasis, and development of several tissues and organs. The abnormal regulation of this process is closely related to various human diseases, including cancer. The identified pathways of PCD include apoptosis, autophagy, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis, which can be activated when cells are stimulated by various internal and external environmental factors. These pathways can induce cell death or maintain cell survival in kidney cancer cells under the regulation of various signaling molecules, thus affecting tumor progression or therapeutic efficacy. In this paper, the role of these PCD pathways in the development of kidney cancer was reviewed in light of recent research advances to provide new directions for the in-depth study of the pathogenesis of kidney cancer and the development of targeted antitumor drugs.

Objective: To isolate and identify Prevotella nigrescens (P.nigrescens) in gingival crevicular fluid of patients with chronic periodontitis and to analyze its tumor-promoting role in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Methods: Samples of gingival crevicular fluid were collected from patients with chronic periodontitis and cultured on GAM agar medium under anaerobic conditions. Black colonies on GAM agar plates were picked for subculture, and then the bacteria were isolated and purified. Bacterial identification was conducted using Gram staining and 16S rDNA sequencing analysis. The isolated bacterial species was used to infect ESCC NE6-T cells and the changes in biological characteristics of the infected cells were evaluated. Results: Multiple bacterial colonies were observed after anaerobic culturing of gingival crevicular fluid samples for 120 h on GAM agar plates. A single bacterial colony with pure black and smooth appearance was obtained from grey black bacterial colonies with streak method. It was a Gram-negative bacterium with bead-like shape. It showed 99.78% 16S rDNA sequence identity with P. nigrescens F0103 and was named P. nigrescens LY01. P. nigrescens LY01 infection promoted the in vitro proliferation, migration and invasion of NE6-T cells and the growth of subcutaneous xenograft in nude mice. In addition, it could also induce the upregulation of Ki67 and activation of p-STAT3. Conclusions P. nigrescens inhabiting in gingival sulcus might promote the progression of ESCC in human with chronic periodontitis.

Objective:To investigate the effects of Porphyromonas gingivalis ( P. gingivalis) fimbrillin (FimA) on the progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Methods:Wild-type P. gingivalis and fimA gene-deleted P. gingivalis ( fimA-/-P. gingivalis) were used to infect ESCC cells after morphology and PCR identification. Immunofluorescence, CCK-8 and Transwell chamber were used to detect the effects of FimA on the infectivity of P. gingivalis and it influences on cell invasion, proliferation and migration. Western blot was used to detect pSmad2/3 changes. The growth of tumor was detected in a nude mouse model bearing subcutaneous tumor. Results:Deletion of FimA might reduce the interbacterial adhesion of P. gingivalis. Compared with wild-type P. gingivalis, less fimA-/-P. gingivalis could infect NE6-T cells. Moreover, the proliferation, migration and invasion of NE6-T and KYSE30 cells as well as the activation of pSmad2/3 induced by P. gingivalis were inhibited after deletion of FimA. The growth of KYSE30 infected by fimA-/-P. gingivalis in nude mice was significantly slower than that of the wild-type P. gingivalis group. Conclusions:FimA mediated the effects of P. gingivalis on promoting the evolution of ESCC and was a potential target molecule to block the tumor-promoting effect of P. gingivalis.