The compressive strength of the original bone tissue was tested, based on the raw human thigh bone, bovine bone, pig bone and goat bone. The four different bone-like apatites were prepared by calcining the raw bones at 800 degrees C for 8 hours to remove organic components. The comparison of composition and structure of bone-like apatite from different bone sources was carried out with a composition and structure test. The results indicated that the compressive strength of goat bone was similar to that of human thigh bone, reached (135.00 +/- 7.84) MPa; Infrared spectrum (IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis results showed that the bone-like apatite from goat bone was much closer to the structure and phase composition of bone-like apatite of human bones. Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) test results showed that the content of trace elements of bone-like apatite from goat bone was closer to that of apatite of human bone. Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS) results showed that the Ca/P value of bone-like apatite from goat bone was also close to that of human bone, ranged to 1.73 +/- 0.033. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) patterns indicated that the macrographs of the apatite from human bone and that of goat bone were much similar to each other. Considering all the results above, it could be concluded that the goat bone-like apatite is much similar to that of human bone. It can be used as a potential natural bioceramic material in terms of material properties.
Animals ; Apatites ; chemistry ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Bone Substitutes ; chemistry ; Bone and Bones ; physiology ; Cattle ; Compressive Strength ; Goats ; Humans ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Swine ; X-Ray Diffraction

Purpose To investigate the relationship and clinical significance of high-risk human papillomavirus infection and expression of c-jun and c-fos protein in cervical carcinoma.Methods Cervista HR-HPV testing,immunohistochemical SP method were employed to detect the infection of HR-HPV,c-jun and c-fos protein in 70 cases of CSCC,60 cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and 20 cases of chronic cervicitis.The correlation between c-jun and c-fos protein expression and of HR-HPV infection was analyzed.Results Of the 70 cases of CSCC,the positive HR-HPV was 69 cases,the positive rate in HR-HPV in A9 group was the highest (85％,59/69).The positive expression of c-jun and c-fos were 80％ (56/70),85.7％ (60/70) in 70 cases CSCC,70％ (21/30) and 70％ (21/30) in 30 cases of cervical high grade intraepithelial neoplasia,and 20％ (6/30),23.3％ (7/30) in 30 cases cervical low grade intraepithelial neoplasia,but the positive expression rates of c-jun and c-fos in the 20 cases of chronic cervicitis were 0.Expression of c-jun and c-fos in cervical cancer group was higher than that in the chronic cervicitis group and low grade intraepithelial neoplasia (P ＜ 0.05).The expression of c-jun and c-fos was statistically significant in different groups of clinical stage and pathologic grading in the CSCC (P ＜ 0.05).Additionally,the expression of c-jun and c-fos was positively correlated with the infection of HR-HPV in CSCC (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion The infection of HR-HPV has significant subtype-specific and has a positive correlation with the expression of c-jun and c-fos in CSCC,which suggests that AP-1 pathway activation after HRHPV infection may be associated with the occurrence and development of cervical carcinoma.

Brain Diseases ; pathology ; Histiocytosis, Sinus ; pathology ; Humans ; Skull ; pathology

Objective To evaluate the safety of basillixirnab in pediatric liver transplantation (PLT).Methods Retrospectively,256 cases (hospitalized from Jan.2014 to Dec.2015) were divide into groups in terms of inclusion and exclusion criteria.A group of 137 children transplanted under tacrolimus-steroid as baseline immunosuppressants combined with basilliximab induction (basilliximab group),and a group of 84 PLT recipients were treated with a tacrolimus-steroid regimen (control group) were set up.Two groups were compared regarding rejection incidence,infectious complications,as well as the kidney function and electrolyte within the three months after operations.Results Infectious complications and rejection incidence were 32.8％ and 8.3％ in basilliximab group,versus 27.4％ and 14.3％ in control group (all P＞0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the levels of blood urea nitrogen,creatinine,calcium,potassium and phosphate between two groups.Conclusion Although basilliximab may decrease the rejection incidence,the effect is not significant.The main reason may be the small sample size,and further observation is still needed.

Objective:To observe the effect of shift work on the stability of the circadian clock and insulin sensitivity in non-overweight/obese individuals with normal blood glucose, and explore underlying connection.Methods:Female shift working nurses in the Department of Blood Transplantation and non-shift working nurses in the Health Management Center in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were divided into shift worker group (SW group) and non-shift worker group (NSW group). Serum inflammatory factors [interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)], adipokines (adiponectin, leptin, chemerin, visfatin), and melatonin levels were measured using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Realtime fluorescence quantitative PCR was performed to detect peripheral blood circadian clock genes circadian locomotor output cycles protein kaput(Clock) and brain and muscle ARNT-like protein 1(Bmal1). Cortisol and fasting insulin were measured by chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay, and HbA 1C was measured by capillary electrophoresis. In addition, visceral fat area (VFA) was assessed with bioelectrical impedance analyzer, and mid-sleep time composite phase deviations (CPD) was calculated based on the International Physical Activity Short Questionnaire. Results:SW group had lower serum level of melatonin ( P=0.023) and higher cortisol ( P=0.001) than the NSW group, and altered mRNA expression of Clock and Bmal1 ( P=0.034, P=0.047). Fasting blood glucose and HbA 1C in the SW group, although in the normal range, had been higher than in the NSW group ( P=0.011, P=0.033). Although body mass index was normal in SW group, VFA had been higher than that of the NSW group ( P=0.010). And homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), IL-6, TNF-α, leptin, chemerin, and visfatin were significantly higher in the SW group than NSW group ( P=0.033, P=0.012, P=0.001, P=0.011, P=0.021, P=0.007). In addition, adjusting for body mass index and activity factors revealed a significant positive correlation between CPD and VFA ( r=0.434, P=0.049), inflammatory factors IL-6 ( r=0.514, P=0.017) and TNF-α ( r=0.700, P<0.001) and pro-inflammatory adipokines leptin ( r=0.473, P=0.030), chemerin ( r=0.439, P=0.047), visfatin ( r=0.521, P=0.015). Conclusion:Shift work can affect circadian clock, with increased visceral adiposity, pro-inflammatory adipokines, inflammatory factors and decreased insulin sensitivity in women without overweight/obese.

Objective:To investigate the diagnosis and treatment for intra-abdominal fistula in China, and to explore the prognostic factors.Methods:A multi-center cross-sectional study was conducted based on the Registration System of Chinese Gastrointestinal Fistula and Intra-Abdominal Infections to collect the clinical data of patients with intra-abdominal fistula from 18 medical centers from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018, including basic information, medical records and prognosis.Results:A total of 106 patients were enrolled in this study, including 57 males and 49 females, with an average age of (48.0±17.8)years. The most common type of intra-abdominal fistula was entero-vesical fistula (34.0%), followed by entero-vaginal fistula (31.1%), entero-enteric fistula (26.4%) and multiple fistula (8.5%). The direct causes of intra-abdominal fistula were mainly surgical operation (66.0%), followed by spontaneous fistula due to Crohn′s disease (18.9%), radiation intestinal injury (11.3%), and 4 cases (3.8%) of unknown reasons. During the whole treatment, 95 patients received nutritional support therapy, mainly EN+ PN (75.8%). Finally, 86 patients (81.1%) received surgical treatment, with a healing rate of 95.3%. After surgery, 8.1% of patients developed surgical site infections (SSI), and 10.5% had a relapse of fistula. 20 patients (18.9%) were treated conservatively, with a self-healing rate of 80.0%. The overall mortality rate was 8.5%, and the highest mortality (15.2%) was found in entero-enteric fistula. Statistical analysis showed that the age ( t=-4.664, P<0.001), leucocyte level ( U=663.000, P=0.010), sepsis ( P=0.002) and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) ( P=0.019) were higher in the death group than those in the healing group. Multivariate analysis suggested that advanced age ( OR=1.073, 95% CI: 1.008-1.141, P=0.026) and complications of sepsis ( OR=11.806, 95% CI: 1.064-131.048, P=0.044) were independent risk factors of the death for patients with intra-abdominal fistula. Conclusions:The overall mortality rate of intra-abdominal fistula is still high, and malignant tumor is the most common primary disease. Advanced age and sepsis are independent risk factors for death in patients with intra-abdominal fistula.

Objective: To investigate the diagnosis and treatment for enterocutaneous fistula (ECF) in China, and to explore the prognostic factors of ECF. Methods: A multi-center cross-sectional study was conducted based on the Registration System of Chinese Gastrointestinal Fistula and Intra-Abdominal Infections to collect the clinical data of ECF patients from 54 medical centers in 22 provinces/municipalities from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018. The clinical data included patient gender, age, length of hospital stay, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, underlying diseases, primary diseases, direct causes of ECF, location and type of ECF, complications, treatment and outcomes. All medical records were carefully filled in by the attending physicians, and then re-examined by more than two specialists. The diagnosis of ECF was based on the clinical manifestations, laboratory/imaging findings and intraoperative exploration. Results: A total of 1521 patients with ECF were enrolled, including 1099 males and 422 females, with a median age of 55 years. The top three primary diseases of ECF were malignant tumors in 626 cases (41.2%, including 540 gastrointestinal tumors, accounting for 86.3% of malignant tumors), gastrointestinal ulcers and perforations in 202 cases (13.3%), and trauma in 157 cases (10.3%). The direct causes of ECF were mainly surgical operation in 1194 cases (78.5%), followed by trauma in 156 (10.3%), spontaneous fistula due to Crohn′s disease in 92 (6.0%), radiation intestinal injury in 41 (2.7%), severe pancreatitis in 20 (1.3%), endoscopic treatment in 13 (0.9%) and 5 cases (0.3%) of unknown reasons. All the patients were divided into three groups: 1350 cases (88.7%) with simple ECF, 150 (9.9%) with multiple ECF, and 21 (1.4%) with combined internal fistula. Among the patients with simple ECF, 438 cases (28.8%) were jejuno-ileal fistula, 313 (20.6%) colon fistula, 170 (11.2%) rectal fistula, 111 (7.3%) duodenal fistula, 76 (5.0%) ileocecal fistula, 65 (4.3%) ileocolic anastomotic fistula, 55 (3.6%) duodenal stump fistula, 36 (2.4%) gastrointestinal anastomotic fistula, 36 (2.4%) esophagogastric/esophagojejunal anastomotic fistula, 29 (1.9%) gastric fistula and 21 (1.4%) cholangiopancreatiointestinal. Among all the simple ECF patients, 991 were tubular fistula and 359 were labial fistula. A total of 1146 patients finished the treatment, of whom 1061 (92.6%) were healed (586 by surgery and 475 self-healing) and 85 (7.4%) died. A total of 1043 patients (91.0%) received nutritional support therapy, and 77 (6.7%) received fistuloclysis. Infectious source control procedures were applied to 1042 patients, including 711 (62.0%) with active lavage and drainage and 331 (28.9%) with passive drainage. Among them, 841 patients (73.4%) underwent minimally invasive procedures of infectious source control (replacement of drainage tube through sinus tract, puncture drainage, etc.), 201 (17.5%) underwent laparotomy drainage, while 104 (9.1%) did not undergo any drainage measures. A total of 610 patients (53.2%) received definitive operation, 24 patients died within postoperative 30-day with mortality of 3.9% (24/610), 69 (11.3%) developed surgical site infection (SSI), and 24 (3.9%) had a relapse of fistula. The highest cure rate was achieved in ileocecal fistula (100%), followed by rectal fistula (96.2%, 128/133) and duodenal stump fistula (95.7%,44/46). The highest mortality was found in combined internal fistula (3/12) and no death in ileocecal fistula. Univariate prognostic analysis showed that primary diseases as Crohn′s disease (χ²=6.570, P=0.010) and appendicitis/appendiceal abscess (P=0.012), intestinal fistula combining with internal fistula (χ²=5.460, P=0.019), multiple ECF (χ²=7.135, P=0.008), esophagogastric / esophagojejunal anastomotic fistula (χ²=9.501, P=0.002), ECF at ileocecal junction (P=0.012), non-drainage/passive drainage before the diagnosis of intestinal fistula (χ²=9.688, P=0.008), non-drainage/passive drainage after the diagnosis of intestinal fistula (χ²=9.711, P=0.008), complicating with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) (χ²=179.699, P<0.001), sepsis (χ²=211.851, P<0.001), hemorrhage (χ²=85.300, P<0.001), pulmonary infection (χ²=60.096, P<0.001), catheter-associated infection (χ²=10.617, P=0.001) and malnutrition (χ²=21.199, P<0.001) were associated with mortality. Multivariate prognostic analysis cofirmed that sepsis (OR=7.103, 95%CI:3.694-13.657, P<0.001), complicating with MODS (OR=5.018, 95%CI:2.170-11.604, P<0.001), and hemorrhage (OR=4.703, 95%CI: 2.300-9.618, P<0.001) were independent risk factors of the death for ECF patients. Meanwhile, active lavage and drainage after the definite ECF diagnosis was the protective factor (OR=0.223, 95%CI: 0.067-0.745, P=0.015). Conclusions The overall mortality of ECF is still high. Surgical operation is the most common cause of ECF. Complications e.g. sepsis, MODS, hemorrhage, and catheter-associated infection, are the main causes of death. Active lavage and drainage is important to improve the prognosis of ECF.